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Spreading rate dependence of morphological characteristics in global oceanic transform faults

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第4期40卷 39-64页

作者： Yiming Luo Jian Lin Fan Zhang Meng Wei Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology/Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMA 02543USA University of Rhode Island NarragansettRI02882USA

We quantified the systematic variations in global transform fault morphology,revealing a first-order dependence on the spreading rate.(1)The average age offset of both the full transform and transform sub-segments decrease with increasing spreading rate.(2)The average depth of both the transform valley and adjacent ridges are smaller in the fast compared to the slow systems,reflecting possibly density anomalies associated with warmer mantle at the fast systems and rifting at the slow ***,the average depth difference between the transform valley and adjacent ridges is relatively constant from the fast to slow systems.(3)The nodal basin at a ridge-transform intersection is deeper and dominant at the ultraslow and slow systems,possibly reflecting a lower magma supply and stronger viscous resistance to mantle upwelling near a colder transform *** contrast,the nodal high,is most prominent in the fast,intermediate,and hotspot-influenced systems,where robust axial volcanic ridges extend toward the ridge-transform intersection.(4)Statistically,the average transform valley is wider at a transform system of larger age offset,reflecting thicker deforming plates flanking the transform fault.(5)The maximum magnitude of the transform earthquakes increases with age offset owing to an increase in the seismogenic *** transform faults also exhibit significant anomalies owing to the complex local tectonic and magmatic processes.

关键词： mid-ocean ridge transform fault morphology spreading rate transform earthquakes

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Structural characteristics and deep-water hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Scotian Basin, Eastern Canada

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Energy Geoscience 2023年第3期4卷 71-79页

作者： Gaokui Wu Fanjun Kong Naxin Tian Tianbi Ma Chongzhi Tao Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing102206China

Commercial hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered in shallow-water areas of the Scotian Basin, Eastern Canada. However, knowledge about the structure and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the basin is still insufficient, which constrains the oil and gas exploration in deep-water areas. Based on comprehensive data of magnetic anomalies, seismic survey, and drilling, this study determines the structure characteristics of the Scotian Basin and its hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in deep waters and evaluates the deep-water hydrocarbon exploration potential. The transform faults and basement structures in the northern basin control the sedimentary framework showing thick strata in east and thin strata in west of the basin. The bowl-shaped depression formed by thermal subsidence during the transitional phase and the confined environment (micro basins) caused by salt tectonics provide favorable conditions for the development of source rocks during the depression stage (also referred to as the depression period sequence) of the basin. The progradation of large shelf-margin deltas during the drift phase and steep continental slope provide favorable conditions for the deposition of slope-floor fans on continental margins of the basin. Moreover, the source-reservoir assemblage comprising the source rocks within the depression stage and the turbidite sandstones on the continental margin in the deep waters may form large deep-water turbidite sandstone reservoirs. This study will provide a valuable reference for the deep-water hydrocarbon exploration in the Scotian Basin.

关键词： transform fault Salt tectonic Hydrocarbon accumulation model Deep-water turbidite sandstone Scotian basin

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Seismotectonics in the Pamir:An oblique transpressional shear and south-directed deep-subduction model

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第1期2卷 1-15页

作者： Jiasheng Zhang Xinjian Shan Xiongnan Huang Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The 3-D geometry of the seismicity in Hindu Kush-Pamir--western China region has been defined by seismic records for 1975-1999 from the National Earthquake Information Center, the U.S. Geological Survey, and over 16,000 relocated earthquakes since 1975 recorded by the Xinjiang seismic network of China. The results show that most Ms≥ 5.0 hypocenters in the area are confined to a major intracontinental seismic shear zone （MSSZ）. The MSSZ, which dips southwards in Pamir has a north- dipping counterpart in the Hindu Kush to the west; the two tectonic realms are separated by the sinistral Chaman transform fault of the India-Asia collisional zone. We demonstrate that the MSSZ constitutes the upper boundary of a south-dipping, actively subducting Pamir continental plate. Three seismic concentrations are recognized just above the Pamir MSSZ at depths between 45-65 km, 95-120 km, and 180-220 km, suggesting different structural relationships where each occurs. Results from focal mechanism solutions in all three seismological concentrations show orientations of the principal maximum stress to be nearly horizontal in an NNW-SSE direction. The south-dipping Pamir subduction slab is wedge-shaped with a wide upper top and a narrow deeper bottom; the slab has a gentle angle of dip in the upper part and steeper dips in the lower part below an elbow depth of ca. 80--120 km. Most of the deformation related to the earthquakes occurs within the hanging wall of the subducting Pamir slab. Published geologic data and repeated GPS measurements in the Pamir document a broad supra-subduc- tion, upper crustal zone of evolving antithetic （i.e. north-dipping） back-thrusts that contribute to northsouth crustal shortening and are responsible for exhumation of some ultrahigh-pressure rocks formed during earlier Tethyan plate convergence. An alternating occurrence in activity of Pamir and Chaman seismic zones indicates that there is interaction between strike-slip movement of the Chaman transform fa

关键词： Earthquake Seismotectonics Deep-subduction ofcontinental crust transform fault Ramp thrusting Central Asia

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3D Velocity Structure and Its Tectonic Implications in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1993年第3期67卷 273-296页

作者： Feng Rui, Zhou Hainan, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing Yao Zhengsheng, Seismological Institute of Lanzhou, Lanzhou Ma Guiming and Li Quanlin Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau Beijing Fei Zhenbi

3D structure of the crust and upper mantle in the studied area has been analyzed from surface wave tomography. The velocity distribution in the uppermost crust is symmetrical on two sides of the central line of the sea, and coincides with the structure of crystalline basement. The essential difference in tectonics between the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea mainly lies in that the velocity structures of their lower crust and upper mantle are identical to those of South China and North China respectively. In the upper mantle there exists a high-velocity zone with a nearly EW strike from the Hangzhou Bay, China, to the Tokara Channel, Japan, along about the latitude of 30°N. It is found that between the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea there are systematical differences in geomorphology, geology, seismicity, heat flow, quality factor and gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies, which is related to both left-lateral shear dislocation and right-lateral tear of the Benioff zone from the Hangzhou Bay to the Tokara Channel.It is inferred that the East China Sea was formed by Cenozoic back-arc extension. The boundary between the North China and South China crustal blocks stretches along the southern piedmont of Mts. Daba-Dabie-Hangzhou Bay-Tokara Channel, and the subduction zone at the Okinawa trench is the eastern boundary of the South China crustal block. The movements of the Pacific plate, Indian plate and upper mantle rather than the Philippine plate subduction have played a dominant role for the modern tectonic movements in East Asia.

关键词： East China Sea and Yellow Sea 3D velocity structure surface wave tomography the Hang zhou Bay-Tokara Channel transform fault North China crustal block South China crustal block

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