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Remote estimates of suspended particulate matter in global lakes using machine learning models

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 200-216页

作者： Zhidan Wen Qiang Wang Yue Ma Pierre Andre Jacinthe Ge Liu Sijia Li Yingxin Shang Hui Tao Chong Fang Lili Lyu Baohua Zhang Kaishan Song Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology CASChangchunJilin130102China Department of Geology Indiana University∼Purdue UniversityIndianapolisIN44602USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100100China College of Geography and Urban Planning Liaocheng UniversityLiaochengChina

Suspended particulate matter(SPM)in lakes exerts strong impact on light propagation,aquatic ecosystem productivity,which co-varies with nutrients,heavy metal and micro-pollutant in waters.In lakes,SPM exerts strong absorption and backscattering,ultimately affects water leaving signals that can be detected by satellite sensors.Simple regression models based on specific band or hand ratios have been widely used for SPM estimate in the past with moderate accuracy.There are still rooms for model accuracy improvements,and machine learning models may solve the non-linear relationships between spectral variable and SPM in waters.We assembled more than 16,400 in situ measured SPM in lakes from six continents(excluding the Antarctica continent),of which 9640 samples were matched with Landsat overpasses within±7 days.Seven machine learning algorithms and two simple regression methods(linear and partial least squares models)were used to estimate SPM in lakes and the performance were compared.To overcome the problem of imbalance datasets in regression,a Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling technique for regression with Gaussian Noise(SMOGN)was adopted in this study.Through comparison,we found that gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT),random forest(RF),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)models demonstrated good spatiotemporal transferability with SMOGN processed dataset,and has potential to map SPM at different year with good quality of Landsat land surface reflectance images.In all the tested modeling approaches,the GBDT model has accurate calibration(n=6428,R^(2)=0.95,MAPE=29.8%)from SPM collected in 2235 lakes across the world,and the validation(n=3214,R^(2)=0.84,MAPE=38.8%)also exhibited stable performance.Further,the good performances were also exhibited by RF model with calibration(R^(2)=0.93)and validation(R^(2)=0.86,MAPE=24.2%)datasets.We applied GBDT and RF models to map SPM of typical lakes,and satisfactory result was obtained.In addition,the GBDT model was evaluated by historical SPM measurements coincident with di

关键词： Landsat imagery Remote estimation SPM transferability

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Local Adaptive Gradient Variance Attack for Deep Fake Fingerprint Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 899-914页

作者： Chengsheng Yuan Baojie Cui Zhili Zhou Xinting Li Qingming Jonathan Wu Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China School of International Relations National University of Defense TechnologyNanjing210039China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorN9B 3P4Canada

In recent years,deep learning has been the mainstream technology for fingerprint liveness detection(FLD)tasks because of its remarkable performance.However,recent studies have shown that these deep fake fingerprint detection(DFFD)models are not resistant to attacks by adversarial examples,which are generated by the introduction of subtle perturbations in the fingerprint image,allowing the model to make fake judgments.Most of the existing adversarial example generation methods are based on gradient optimization,which is easy to fall into local optimal,resulting in poor transferability of adversarial attacks.In addition,the perturbation added to the blank area of the fingerprint image is easily perceived by the human eye,leading to poor visual quality.In response to the above challenges,this paper proposes a novel adversarial attack method based on local adaptive gradient variance for DFFD.The ridge texture area within the fingerprint image has been identified and designated as the region for perturbation generation.Subsequently,the images are fed into the targeted white-box model,and the gradient direction is optimized to compute gradient variance.Additionally,an adaptive parameter search method is proposed using stochastic gradient ascent to explore the parameter values during adversarial example generation,aiming to maximize adversarial attack performance.Experimental results on two publicly available fingerprint datasets show that ourmethod achieves higher attack transferability and robustness than existing methods,and the perturbation is harder to perceive.

关键词： FLD adversarial attacks adversarial examples gradient optimization transferability

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Enhancing the Adversarial transferability with Channel Decomposition

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 3075-3085页

作者： Bin Lin Fei Gao Wenli Zeng Jixin Chen Cong Zhang Qinsheng Zhu Yong Zhou Desheng Zheng Qian Qiu Shan Yang Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610066China Jinan Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying Institute Jinan250000China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringZigong643000China School of Computer Science Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Estab Mianyang621000China School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610056China School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Department of Chemistry Physics and Atmospheric ScienceJackson State UniversityJacksonMSUSA

The current adversarial attacks against deep learning models have achieved incredible success in the white-box scenario.However,they often exhibit weak transferability in the black-box scenario,especially when attacking those with defense mechanisms.In this work,we propose a new transfer-based blackbox attack called the channel decomposition attack method(CDAM).It can attack multiple black-box models by enhancing the transferability of the adversarial examples.On the one hand,it tunes the gradient and stabilizes the update direction by decomposing the channels of the input example and calculating the aggregate gradient.On the other hand,it helps to escape from local optima by initializing the data point with random noise.Besides,it could combine with other transfer-based attacks flexibly.Extensive experiments on the standard ImageNet dataset show that our method could significantly improve the transferability of adversarial attacks.Compared with the state-of-the-art method,our approach improves the average success rate from 88.2%to 96.6%when attacking three adversarially trained black-box models,demonstrating the remaining shortcomings of existing deep learning models.

关键词： Adversarial attack transferability black-box models deep learning

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International transferability of macro-level safety performance functions: a case study of the United States and Italy

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2019年第1期1卷 68-78页

作者： Jaeyoung Lee Mohamed Abdel-Aty Maria Rosaria de Blasiis Xuesong Wang Ilaria Mattei Department of Civil Environmental and Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central Florida.4000 Central Florida Blvd.OrlandoFlorida 32816USA Department of Engineering Roma Tre University.Via Vito Volterra 6200146 RomaItaly School of Transportation Engineering Tongji University.4800 Cao’an RoadJiading DistrictShanghai 201804China Ferrovie dello Stato Italiano.Piazza della Croce Rossa 100161 RomaItaly School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South University.22 Shaoshan South RoadChangsha Hunan 410075 China

Safety performance functions(SPFs),or crash-prediction models,have played an important role in identifying the factors contributing to crashes,predicting crash counts and identifying hotspots.Since a great deal of time and effort is needed to estimate an SPF,previous studies have sought to determine the transferability of particular SPFs;that is,the extent to which they can be applied to data from other regions.Although many efforts have been made to examine micro-level SPF transferability,few studies have focused on macro-level SPF transferability.There has been little transferability analysis of macro-level SPFs in the international context,especially between western countries.This study therefore evaluates the transferability of SPFs for several states in the USA(Illinois,Florida and Colorado)and for Italy.The SPFs were developed using data from counties in the United States and provincias in Italy,and the results revealed multiple common significant variables between the two countries.transferability indexes were then calculated between the SPFs.These showed that the Italy SPFs for total crashes and bicycle crashes were transferable to US data after calibration factors were applied,whereas the US SPFs for total and bicycle crashes,with the exception of the Colorado SPF,could not be transferred to the Italian data.On the other hand,none of the pedestrian SPFs developed was transferable to other countries.This paper provides insights into the applicability of macro-level SPFs between the USA and Italy,and shows a good potential for international SPF transferability.Nevertheless,further investigation is needed of SPF transferability between a wider range of countries.

关键词： safety performance function(SPF) crash prediction model negative binomial model transferability transferability index international transferability macro-level safety macroscopic safety

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Parameter transferability across spatial resolutions in urban hydrological modelling:a case study in Beijing,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第1期13卷 18-32页

作者： Xiaoshu HOU Lei CHEN Xiang LIU Miao LI Zhenyao SHEN State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This study examined the influence of spatial resolution on model parameterization,output,and the parameter transferability between different resolutions using the Storm Water Management Model.High-resolution models,in which most subcatchrnents were homogeneous,and high-resolution-based low-resolution models (in 3 scenarios)were constructed for a highly urbanized catchment in Beijing.The results indicated that the parameterization and simulation results were affected by both spatial resolution and rainfall characteristics.The simulated peak inflow and total runoff volume were sensitive to the spatial resolution,but did not show a consistent tendency.High-resolution models performed very well for both calibration and validation events in terms of three indexes:1)the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, 2)the peak flow error,and 3)the volume error;indication of the advantage of using these models.The parameters obtained from high-resolution models could be directly used in the low-resolution models and performed well in the simulation of heavy rain and torrential rain and in the study area where sub-area routing is insignificant.Alternatively,sub-area routing should be considered and estimated approximately.The successful scale conversion from high spatial resolution to low spatial resolution is of great significance for the hydrological simulation of ungauged large areas.

关键词： SWMM high resolution low resolution rainfall characteristics parameter transferability

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Improving transferability Reversible Adversarial Examples Based on Flipping Transformation

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国际计算机前沿大会会议论文集 2023年第1期 417-432页

作者： Youqing Fang Jingwen Jia Yuhai Yang Wanli Lyu Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Adding subtle perturbations to an image can cause the classiﬁcation model to misclassify,and such images are called adversarial examples.Adversar-ial examples threaten the safe use of deep neural networks,but when combined with reversible data hiding(RDH)technology,they can protect images from being correctly identiﬁed by unauthorized models and recover the image lossless under authorized models.Based on this,the reversible adversarial example(RAE)is ris-ing.However,existing RAE technology focuses on feasibility,attack success rate and image quality,but ignores transferability and time complexity.In this paper,we optimize the data hiding structure and combine data augmentation technology,whichﬂips the input image in probability to avoid overﬁtting phenomenon on the dataset.On the premise of maintaining a high success rate of white-box attacks and the image’s visual quality,the proposed method improves the transferability of reversible adversarial examples by approximately 16%and reduces the com-putational cost by approximately 43%compared to the state-of-the-art method.In addition,the appropriateﬂip probability can be selected for different application scenarios.

关键词： reversible adversarial example black-box attack transferability complexity

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Spatial and temporal transferability of Degree-Day Model and Simplified Energy Balance Model:a case study

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第2期12卷 95-103页

作者： HuiLin Li State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Tianshan Glaciological Station Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

Glacier mass balance, the difference between accumulation and ablation at the glacier surface, is the direct reflection of the local climate regime. Under global warming, the simulation of glacier mass balance at the regional scale has attracted increasing interests. This study selects Urumqi Glacier No. 1 as the testbed for examining the transferability in space and time of two commonly used glacier mass balance simulation models: i.e., the Degree-Day Model(DDM) and the simplified Energy Balance Model(s EBM). Four experiments were carried out for assessing both models’ temporal and spatial transferability. The results show that the spatial transferability of both the DDM and s EBM is strong, whereas the temporal transferability of the DDM is relatively weak. For all four experiments, the overall simulation effect of the s EBM is better than that of the DDM. At the zone around Equilibrium Line Altitude(ELA), the DDM performed better than the s EBM.Also, the accuracy of parameters, including the lapse rate of air temperature and vertical gradient of precipitation at the glacier surface, is of great significance for improving the spatial transferability of both models.

关键词： Degree-Day Model Simplified Energy Balance Model temporal and spatical transferability Urumqi Glacier No.1

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Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis and transferability Among Related Species

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第1期7卷 19-31页

作者： CUI Xiu-min DONG Yu-xiu HOU Xi-lin CHENG-Yan ZHANG Jing-yi JIN Min-feng National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China College of Resource and Environment Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 P.R. China College of Life Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 P.R.China

Simple sequence repeat （SSR） or microsatellite marker is a valuable tool for several purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. In the present study, an intersimple sequence repeat （ISSR）-PCR technique was applied for developing SSR markers in non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）. A total of 190 SSRs were obtained. Among these, AG or CT （54.7%） was the most frequent repeat, followed by AC or GT （31.6%） of the microsatellites. The average number of the SSRs length array was 16 and 10 times, respectively. Based on the determined SSR sequences, 143 SSR primer pairs were designed to evaluate their transferabilities among the related species of Brassica. The number of alleles produced per marker averaged 2.91, and the polymorphism information content （PIC） value ranged from 0 to 0.863 with an average of 0.540. Monomorphism was observed in 16 primer pairs. The transferability percentage in CC genome was higher than in BB genome. More loci occurred in the BBCC genome. This result supported the hypothesis that BB genome was divergent from A and C genomes, and AA and CC genomes were relatively close. The polymorphic primers can be exploited for further evolution, fingerprinting, and variety identification.

关键词： Brassica rapa inter-simple sequence repeats （ISSR） microsatellite marker polymorphism transferability

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transferability of Sorghum Genic Microsatellite Markers to Peanut

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第9期3卷 1169-1180页

作者： Siddanna B. Savadi Bashasab Fakrudin H. L. Nadaf M. V. C. Gowda Department of Biotechnology University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad India Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad India

Currently development of new marker types has shifted from anonymous DNA fragments to gene-based markers. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are useful DNA markers in plant genetic research including in peanut. However, de novo development of SSRs is expensive and time consuming. Gene-based DNA markers are transferable among related species owing to the conserved nature of genes. In this study transferability of sorghum EST-SSR (SbEST-SSR) markers to peanut was prospected. A set of 411 SbEST-SSR primer pairs were used to amplify peanut genomic DNA extracted from cultivated peanut where 39% of them successfully amplified. A comparison of amplification patterns between sorghum and peanut showed similar banding pattern with majority of transferable SbEST-SSRs. Among these transferable SSR markers, 14% have detected polymorphism among 4 resistant and 4 susceptible peanut lines for rust and late leaf spot diseases. These transferable markers will benefit peanut genome research by not only providing additional DNA markers for population genetic analyses, but also allowing comparative mapping to be possible between peanut and sorghum—a possible monocot-dicot comparison.

关键词： Arachis Hypogea transferability EST-SSR Polymorphism

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transferability and application of microsatellites(SSRs)from Juniperus communis L.to Juniperus procera Hochst.Ex endl.

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第2期3卷 115-126页

作者： Demissew Sertse Oliver Gailing Nicolas-George Eliades Reiner Finkeldey Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Holetta CenterForestry Research DivisionAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Tree Breeding and Forest Genetics Georg-August University of GoettingenGottingenGermany School of Forest Resource and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonUSA

transferability of five nuclear microsatellite markers (Jc-16, Jc-31, Jc-32, Jc-35 and Jc-37) that were originally developed for J. communis was tested to J. procera. Jc-31 & Jc-37 showed successful amplifications and polymorphism in J. procera. Jc-35 which had been reported as polymorphic in J. communis was monomorphic in J. procera while the primer pair for Jc-32 failed to record any amplification. The remaining one primer pair (Jc-16) showed double loci ampli-fication in both J. procera and the control J. communis suggesting further examination of the primer pair and its binding sites. Genetic variation of six Ethiopian J. procera populations: Chilimo, Goba, Menagesha-Suba, Wef-Washa, Yabelo and Ziquala was assessed based on the two polymorphic loci (Jc-31 & Jc-37) in 20 - 24 individuals of each population. From these two loci, a total of 41 alleles could be retrieved. Two populations that are located south east of the Great Rift Valley together harboured 75% of private alleles signifying their deviant geo-ecological zones and suggesting special consideration for conservation. Chilimo, which is at the western margin of Juniper habitat in Ethiopian central highlands scored the highest fixation (FIS = 0.584) entailing lower immigrant genes and hence higher inbreeding. The AMOVA revealed that 97% of the variation resided within the?population while still among population variation was significant

关键词： Ethiopia Juniperus communis Microsatellites transferability

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