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Overexpression of GATA binding protein 4 and myocyte enhancer factor 2C induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac-like cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第9期14卷 700-713页

作者： Syeda Saima Razzaq Irfan Khan Nadia Naeem Asmat Salim Sumreen Begum Kanwal Haneef University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology&Biomedical Sciences(DRIBBS) Dow University of Health Sciences(DUHS)Ojha CampusKarachi 75200Pakistan Stem Cells Research Laboratory(SCRL) Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND Heart diseases are the primary cause of death all over the world.Following myocardial infarction,billions of cells die,resulting in a huge loss of cardiac function.Stem cell-based therapies have appeared as a new area to support heart regeneration.The Transcription factors GATA binding protein 4(GATA-4)and myocyte enhancer factor 2C(MEF2C)are considered prominent factors in the development of the cardiovascular system.AIM To explore the potential of GATA-4 and MEF2C for the cardiac differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).METHODS hUC-MSCs were characterized morphologically and immunologically by the presence of specific markers of MSCs via immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry,and by their potential to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes.hUC-MSCs were transfected with GATA-4,MEF2C,and their combination to direct the differentiation.Cardiac differentiation was confirmed by semiquant itative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry.RESULTS hUC-MSCs expressed specific cell surface markers CD105,CD90,CD44,and vimentin but lack the expression of CD45.The Transcription factors GATA-4 and MEF2C,and their combination induced differentiation in hUC-MSCs with significant expression of cardiac genes i.e.,GATA-4,MEF2C,NK2 homeobox 5(NKX2.5),MHC,and connexin-43,and cardiac proteins GATA-4,NKX2.5,cardiac troponin T,and connexin-43.CONCLUSION Transfection with GATA-4,MEF2C,and their combination effectively induces cardiac differentiation in hUC-MSCs.These genetically modified MSCs could be a promising treatment option for heart diseases in the future.

关键词： Heart disease GATA binding protein 4 Myocyte enhancer factor 2C Transcription factors Differentiation Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells

Development and organisation of gonadal steroidogenesis in bony fishes - A review

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第3期6卷 223-246页

作者： Swathi Tenugu Akanksha Pranoty Sajwan-Khatri Mamta Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology School of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadP.O.Central UniversityHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia

Gonadal steroidogenesis is pivotal to synchronize various reproductive stages including sexual development,growth and maturation.In all vertebrates including teleost,steroidogenesis is triggered by the mobilization of cholesterol by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein from outer to inner mitochondrial membrane.Thereafter,the entire process occurs in endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria wherein various steroidogenic enzyme genes play a crucial role.The onset of steroidogenesis during sexual development in teleost is essentially regulated by differential expression of several transcription as well as steroidogenesis-related factors.More specifically,the role of dmrt,sox9,sox3,other sox forms,ad4bp/sf-1,wt-1,foxl2,ftz-f1,gata4,gsdf,Activator protein-1,fgfs and growth factors and steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome P450aromatase(cyp19a1),hydroxysteroid 3β-dehydrogenase(hsd3b),hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase(hsd17b)have been well characterised.Recently,the role of pax2,THO complex(thoc),pentraxin(ptx)and few signalling molecules like wnt4/5 regulating teleostean steroidogenesis has been reported.In females,cyp19a1 appears to be critical as it converts androgens to estrogens during ovarian differentiation which suggests that estradiol-17βis indispensable for the event.Unlike females,males do not depend on testosterone for testicular determination,yet has a major role along with 11-ketotestosterone in testicular development and growth when compared to early testicular differentiation.In males,onset of sex determining or testis-related genes seems most essential.Considering these,the regulation of steroidogenesis is virtually critical at later stages.In view of this,several steroidogenic motifs pertaining to transcriptional regulation have been analysed in teleost,yet far below than the reports on mammals.In this context,the regulatory influence on HHG axis plays a critical role in teleost.Further,multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormones and duality of gonadotropins play a differential role in gonadal function.

关键词： Steroidogenesis Sex determination and differentiation Transcription factors Gametogenesis Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis Teleost

Cold Signaling via the Two-Component Signaling System

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 15-17页

作者： Jungmook Kim Jin Jeon Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology Chonnam National University Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Korea

Two-component signal transduction is commonly used as a stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms such as eubacteria, archea, and a few eukaryotes to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions （Stock et al., 2000）. Typically, the histidine protein kinase senses extracellular stimuli by autophosphorylation and transfers a phosphoryl group to the response regu- lator, resulting in activation of downstream proteins that elicit a specific response. In Arabidopsis plants, a multi-step two-component system is well established as a key element of plant hormone cytokinin signaling （To and Kieber, 2008）.

关键词： adaptations of plants Common Channel Signaling TCOF1 gene Common Cold Transcription factors signals COLD Cold stress

Fitting into the Harsh Reality： Regulation of Irondeficiency Responses in Dicotyledonous Plants

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 27-42页

作者： Rumen Ivanov Tzvetina Brumbarova Petra Bauer Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology Saarland University Campus A2.4 D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany

Iron is an essential element for life on Earth and its shortage, or excess, in the living organism may lead to severe health disorders. Plants serve as the primary source of dietary iron and improving crop iron content is an important step towards a better public health. Our review focuses on the control of iron acquisition in dicotyledonous plants and monocots that apply a reduction-based strategy in order to mobilize and import iron from the rhizosphere. Achieving a balance between shortage and excess of iron requires a tight regulation of the activity of the iron uptake system. A number of studies, ranging from single gene characterization to systems biology analyses, have led to the rapid expansion of our knowledge on iron uptake in recent years. Here, we summarize the novel insights into the regulation of iron ac- quisition and internal mobilization from intracellular stores. We present a detailed view of the main known regulatory networks defined by the Arabidopsis regulators FIT and POPEYE （PYE）. Additionally, we analyze the root and leaf iron- responsive regulatory networks, revealing novel potential gene interactions and reliable iron-deficiency marker genes. We discuss perspectives and open questions with regard to iron sensing and post-translational regulation.

关键词： Iron uptake gene expression Transcription factors post-transcriptional regulation.

TARGET： A Transient Transformation System for Genome-Wide transcription Factor Target Discovery

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 978-980页

作者： Bastiaan O.R. Bargmann Amy Marshall-Colon Idan Efroni Sandrine Ruffel Kenneth D. Birnbaum Gloria M. Coruzzi Gabriel Krouk Center for Genomics and Systems Biology Department of Biology New York University New York NY 10003 USA Biochimie et Physiologie Mol~culaire des Plantes UMR 5004 CNRS/ INRA/SupAgro-M/UM2 Institut de Biologie Integrative des Plantes-Claude Grignon Montpellier France

Dear Editor, Determining the fundamental structure of gene regulatory networks （GRN） is a major challenge of systems biology. In particular, inferring GRN structure from comprehensive gene expression and transcription factor （TF）-promoter interaction data sets has become an increasingly sought-after aim in both fundamental and agronomical research in plant biology （Bonneau et al., 2007; Ruffel et al., 2010）.

关键词： Transcription factors Protoplasts Transgenic systems biology Shortcuts aluminium transient expression

To Gate, or Not to Gate： Regulatory Mechanisms for Intercellular Protein Transport and Virus Movement in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 782-793页

作者： Shoko Ueki Vitaly Citovsky Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama University 2-20-1 Chuo Kurashiki Okayama 710-0046 Japan Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology State University of New York Stony Brook NY 11794-5215 USA

Cell-to-cell signal transduction is vital for orchestrating the whole-body physiology of multi-cellular organ- isms, and many endogenous macromolecules, proteins, and nucleic acids function as such transported signals. In plants, many of these molecules are transported through plasmodesmata （Pd）, the cell wall-spanning channel structures that interconnect plant cells. Furthermore, Pd also act as conduits for cell-to-cell movement of most plant viruses that have evolved to pirate these channels to spread the infection. Pd transport is presumed to be highly selective, and only a limited repertoire of molecules is transported through these channels. Recent studies have begun to unravel mechanisms that actively regulate the opening of the Pd channel to allow traffic. This macromolecular transport between cells comprises two consecutive steps： intracellular targeting to Pd and translocation through the channel to the adjacent cell. Here, we review the current knowledge of molecular species that are transported though Pd and the mechanisms that control this traffic. Generally, Pd traffic can occur by passive diffusion through the trans-Pd cytoplasm or through the membrane/lu- men of the trans-Pd ER, or by active transport that includes protein-protein interactions. It is this latter mode of Pd trans- port that is involved in intercellular traffic of most signal molecules and is regulated by distinct and sometimes interdependent mechanisms, which represent the focus of this article.

关键词： Plasmodesmata cell-to-cell transport plant viruses Transcription factors

Phosphorylation regulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium uptake systems in plants

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1034-1047页

作者： Dongli Hao Xiaohui Li Weiyi Kong Rongrong Chen Jianxiu Liu Hailin Guo Jinyan Zhou The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant ResourcesInstitute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.Sun Yat-Sen)Nanjing 210014JiangsuChina Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestJurong 212400JiangsuChina

The uptake of ammonium,nitrate,phosphorus,and potassium ions by roots is mediated by specific ion transporter or channel proteins,and protein phosphorylation regulation events occurring on these proteins and their regulators determine their ultimate activity.Elucidating the mechanism by which protein phosphorylation modification regulates nutrient uptake will advance plant breeding for high nutrientuse efficiency.In this review,it is concluded that the root nutrient absorption system is composed of several,but not all,members of a specific ion transporter or channel family.Under nutrient-starvation conditions,protein phosphorylation-based regulation of these proteins and associated Transcription factors increases ion transporter-or channel-mediated nutrient uptake capacity via direct function activity enhancement,allowing more protein trafficking to the plasma membrane,by strengthening the interaction of transporters and channels with partner proteins,by increasing their protein stability,and by transcriptional activation.Under excessive nutrient conditions,protein phosphorylation-based regulation suppresses nutrient uptake by reversing these processes.Strengthening phosphorylation regulation items that increase nutrient absorption and weakening phosphorylation modification items that are not conducive to nutrient absorption show potential as strategies for increasing nutrient use efficiency.

关键词： Ammonium uptake machinery Nitrate uptake machinery Phosphate uptake machinery Potassium uptake machinery Transcription factors Protein phosphorylation

transcriptional Characteristics of Xa21-mediated Defense Responses in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第4期53卷 300-311页

作者： Qiang Gan Hui Bai Xianfeng Zhao Yong Tao Haipan Zeng Yuning Han Wenyuan Song Lihuang Zhu Guozhen Liu Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Beijing Institute of Genomics the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101300 China Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA College of Life Sciences Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China

Bacterial blight,caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae（Xoo）,is the most destructive bacterial disease of rice.The cloned rice gene Xa21 confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Xoo races.To identify genes involved in Xa21-mediated immunity,a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray of rice was used to profile the expression of rice genes between incompatible interactions and mock treatments at 0,4,8,24,72 and 120 h post inoculation（hpi） or between incompatible and compatible interactions at 4 hpi,respectively.A total of 441 differentially expressed genes,designated as XDGs（Xa21 mediated differentially expressed genes）,were identified.Based on their functional annotations,the XDGs were assigned to 14 categories,including defense-related,signaling,transcriptional regulators.Most of the defense-related genes belonged to the pathogenesis-related gene family,which was induced dramatically at 72 and 120 hpi.Interestingly,most signaling and transcriptional regulator genes were downregulated at 4 and 8 hpi,suggesting that negative regulation of cellular signaling may play a role in the Xa21-mediated defense response.Comparison of expression profiles between Xa21- and other R gene-mediated defense systems revealed interesting common responses.Representative XDGs with supporting evidences were also discussed.

关键词： XANTHOMONAS diseases BACTERIAL diseases of plants RICE -- Diseases & pests PLANT clones CELLULAR signal transduction MOLECULAR genetics Transcription factors GENETIC transcription PLANT defenses RICE GENETICS

Identification of gamyb-4 and Analysis of the Regulatory Role of GAMYB in Rice Anther Development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第7期52卷 670-678页

作者： Zhenhua Liu Wenjie Bao Wanqi Liang Jingyuan Yin Dabing Zhang School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200240 China School of Life Science and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

In higher plants, male reproductive development is a complex biological process that includes cell division and differentiation, cell to cell communication etc., while the mechanism underlying plant male reproductive development remains less understood. GAMYB encodes a gibberellins acid （GA） inducible transcription factor that is required for the early anther development in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new allele gamyb-4 with a C base deletion in the second exon （-I-2308）, causing a frame shift and premature translational termination. Histological analysis showed that gamyb-4 developed abnormal enlarged tapetum and could not undergo normal meiosis. To understand the regulatory role of GAMYB, we carried out quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and comparison of microarray data. These results revealed that the expression of TDR （TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION）, a tapetal cell death regulator, was downregulated in gamyb-4 and udtl （undeveloped tapetuml）. While the GAMYB expression was not obviously changed in tdr and udtl-1, and no apparent expression fold change of UDT1 in tdr and gamyb-4, suggesting that TDR may act downstream of GAMYB and UDT1, and GAMYB and UDT1 work in parallel to regulate rice early anther development. This work is helpful in understanding the regulatory network in rice anther development.

关键词： RICE ANTHER CELL interaction (Biology) Transcription factors GIBBERELLINS PLANT development