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Hospital-based emergency department visits in children with motor vehicle traffic accidents: estimates from the nationwide emergency department sample

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第3期11卷 261-266页

作者： Veerajalandhar Allareddy Ingrid M Anderson Min Kyeong Lee Veerasathpurush Allareddy Sankeerth Rampa Romesh P Nalliah Department of Pediatric Critical Care and Pharmacology Rainbow Babies and Children's HospitalUniversity HospitalsCase Medical Center Department of Developmental Biology Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMA Boston Children's Hospital BostonMA Nance College of Business Administration Cleveland State UniversityClevelandOhio Office of Dental Education Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMAUnited States

Background:The purpose of this study is to provide nationally representative estimates of children visiting hospital-based emergency departments(ED)for motor vechicle traffic accidents(MVTA)in the United States during the year of ***:Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2008 was *** pediatric(age<18 years)ED visits with external cause for injury ICD-9-diagnostic codes for MVTA were *** examined included discharge status following ED visit and presence of concomitant *** statistics was used to summarize the ***:Totally 604027 hospital-based ED visits occurred in the United States among children(age≤18 years)due to *** an ED visit,91%were discharged routinely,while 6%were admitted as inpatients into the same hospital.A total of 928 children died in the ED.A total of 34004 ED visits required inpatient admission into the same hospital and 768 patients died during *** charge per ED visit was$1887 and total ED charges across the United States were close to$970 *** those admitted into the same hospital following ED visit(n=34004),the mean hospitalization charge was$53726 and total hospitalization charge across the entire United States were$1.8 ***:Study findings illustrate the burden associated with pediatric ED visits due to *** to$970 million of hospital charges were incurred by children who made an ED visit due to a MVTA during 2008 and about$1.8 billion was incurred among those hospitalized following an ED visit.

关键词： emergency hospital traffic accidents

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A novel prediction model of traffic accidents based on big data

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2019年第4期10卷 52-63页

作者： Minglei Song Rongrong Li Binghua Wu School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Henan University of Urban Construction Pingdingshan Henan 467036P.R.China

The occurrence of traffic accidents is regular in probability *** big data mining method to predict traffic accidents is conducive to taking measures to prevent or reduce traffic accidents in *** recent years,prediction methods of traffic accidents used by researchers have some problems,such as low calculation ***,a prediction model of traffic accidents based on joint probability density feature extraction of big data is proposed in this ***,a function of big data joint probability distribution for traffic accidents is ***,establishing big data distributed database model of traffic accidents with the statistical analysis method in order to mine the association rules characteristic quantity reflecting the law of traffic accidents,and then extracting the joint probability density feature of big data for traffic accident probability *** to the result of feature extraction,adaptive functional and directivity are predicted,and then the regularity prediction of traffic accidents is realized based on the result of association directional clustering,so as to optimize the design of the prediction model of traffic accidents based on big *** results show that in predicting traffic accidents,the model in this paper has advantages of relatively high accuracy,relatively good confidence and stable prediction result.

关键词： Big data traffic accidents prediction model adaptive functional directional clustering accuracy

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GIS-based spatial analysis of urban traffic accidents： Case study in Mashhad, Iran

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Journal of traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第3期4卷 290-299页

作者： Gholam Ali Shafabakhsh Afshin Famili Mohammad Sadegh Bahadori Department of Civil Engineering Semnan University Semnan Iran Glenn Department of Civil Engineering Clemson Unioersity Clemson SC 29634 USA Instituto Superior Tecnico University of Lisbon Lisbon 1600-276 Portugal

There is a growing concern in traffic accident rate in recent years. Using Mashhad city （Iran second populous city） traffic accident records as case study, this paper applied the combi- nation of geo-information technology and spatial-statistical analysis to bring out the influence of spatial factors in their formation. The aim of the study is to examine 4 clustering analyses to have a better understanding of traffic accidents patterns in complex urban network. In order to deploy the clustering technique in urban roads, 9331 point features for inner city traffic accidents during 12 months have been registered according to their x and y location in geographic information system （GIS）. The mentioned areas were analyzed by kernel density estimation （KDE） using ARCMAP and two other analyses using SANET 4th edition software so that the results of network analysis can be compared with traditional KDE method. In addi- tion, this research introduces five classifications for determining the eventfulness of the under study area based on standard deviation and to make priority in creating security in the area. The nearest neighbor and K-function output analysis consist of four curves and regarding the fact that for all fatal, injury and property damage only crashes, the observed value curve is above the 5% confidence interval. accidents in the study region are more clustered than ex- pected by random chance. The importance of this study is to use GIS as a management system for accident analysis by combination of spatial-statistical methods.

关键词： traffic accidents Hotspots Kernel density analysis Nearest neighbor K-function

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Clinical analysis of 28 children suffering from intracranial hematoma and multiple injuries following traffic accidents

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2004年第6期7卷 378-379页

作者：李江山程成江勇豪 Department of Neurosurgery Huangjiang Hospital Dongguan 523750 China

Objective: To evaluate the result of diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hematoma and multiple injuries caused by road traffic accidents. Methods: Twenty-eight patients, aged from 1 to 14 years, receiving craniotomy and other surgical treatments were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Among the 28 cases, 23 cured with the recovery rate of (82.3)%, 2 had a sequel of moderate disability, and 3 died from severe brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and other visceral complications. The clinical sympotoms and signs were severe and perplexing. The major characters included: severe head injury, usually combined by multiple injuries, and easy of access to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Conclusions: The occurrence of infection is high after traffic accidents as a result of depression of humoral and cellular immunity, long-term bed rest, and fractures of limbs. Hence, on the basis of maintaining vital signs, the management of primary wound is essential to reduce infection and underlying death. In addition to the management of brain injury, concurrent injuries should also be highlighted so as to reach a good result for their patients.

关键词： Children traffic accidents Wounds and injuries Intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic

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Weather and traffic accidents in Hong Kong

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第3期8卷 93-98页

作者： Yuk Yee Yan Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong

The influence of rainfall and thermal stress in accident occurrence for the period 1985 through 1994 in Hong Kong was investigated. The existence of seasonal variations and weekly cycle was also examined. Daity accident and meteorological data were obtained from the Transport Department and the Hong Kong Observatory respectively. Utilizing regression analyses and ANOVA, it is discovered that seasonal variation was not important in contributing traffic accidents, and Saturday peak was not ascertained. A non linear relationship between accident occurrence and various rain conditions was found. Accident numbers increased till rain exceeded 50.0 mm. High traffic volume and low speed urban driving in Hong Kong can be the major cause of traffic accidents on rainy days. The impact of heat stress on accident occurrence was found to be statistically significant.

关键词： traffic accidents rainfall thermal stress clo.

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Spatial Analysis of traffic accidents in the City of Medina Using GIS

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 462-477页

作者： Mahmoud Hammas Ahmad Al-Modayan Department of Geography and GIS Faculty of Arts & Humanities King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The general objective of this research is to determine how to use the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in Medina Menorah City through geographic information systems. This research aimed to identify, locate and define the sites where traffic accidents are concentrated and determine the need to apply specific safety standards to reduce accidents and identify their causes thereof. This current research applied the analytical descriptive approach for its relevance with this specific research. This research collected traffic accidents data from the Ministry of the Interior, Department of General traffic. That data captured the hotspots accidents in Medina Menorah City. Some of the most important results of the study are as follows: many roads were selected as High Accident Location HAL, such as Central Ring Roads, King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz Road, Prince Abdul Majid bin Abdul-Aziz Road, and King Abdulla bin Abdel-Aziz Road. The high-speed roads are heavily linked to the massive increase of traffic accident rates, and the increase in the street section length led to the soaring number of total accidents. The study recommended performing more studies and different highway safety studies to identify and locate accident patterns on road networks. Due to the fact that the accidents concentration is intensely focused on Medina City center and Prophet’s Mosque, it is a must to increase the number of public transportations to and from Prophet’s Mosque, particularly during the Hajj period, because of the fact that the visitors of Prophet’s Mosque is on the increase during the said period. This study can be applied in other cities because knowing the locations of traffic crash hotspots can provide us with valuable insights into the causes of accidents and this knowledge helps decision-makers to better assess the risk associated with accidents.

关键词： Spatial Analysis traffic accidents Kernel Density Hot Spot Analysis

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Evaluation of differences in injury patterns according to seat position in trauma victims survived traffic accidents

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2018年第5期21卷 273-276页

作者： Yaakov Daskal Ricardo Alfici Adi Givon Kobi Peleg Oded Olsha Boris Kessel Israel Trauma Group Surgical.Division HiUel Yaffe Medical Center. Hadera Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research Tel Hashomer Israel Surgery Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center Jerusalem Israel Trauma Unit Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Hadera Israel Disaster Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Israel

Purpose： Investigation of injury patterns epidemiology among car occupants may help to develop different therapeutic approach according to the seat position. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare differences in the incidence of serious injuries, between occupants in different locations in private cars. Methods： A retrospective study including trauma patients who were involved in motor vehicle accidents and admitted alive to 20 hospitals （6 level I trauma centers and 14 level II trauma centers）. We examined the incidence of injures with abbreviated injury score 3 and more, and compared their occurrence be- tween seat locations. Results： The study included 28,653 trauma patients, drivers account for 60.8% （17,417）. Front passenger mortality was 0.47% higher than in drivers. Rear seat passengers were at greater risk （10.26%） for trau- matic brain injuries than front seat passengers （7.48%） and drivers （7.01%）. Drivers are less likely to suffer from serious abdominal injuries （3.84%） compared to the passengers （front passengers - 5.91%, rear passengers - 5.46%）. Conclusion： Out of victims who arrived alive to the hospital, highest mortality was found in front seat passengers. The rate of serious chest injuries was higher as well. Rear seat passengers are at greater risk for serious traumatic brain injuries. All passengers have a greater incidence of abdominal injuries. These findings need to be addressed in order to develop ＂customized＂ therapeutic policy in trauma victims.

关键词： traffic accidents Injury pattern Seat position

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Differential influences of road physical design attributes on pedestrian versus driver traffic accident frequencies

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第11期31卷 4248-4261页

作者： CHEN Ying OUYANG Zhao-heng TIAN Yi ZHU Jia-xun College of Architecture Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha 410076China

traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety *** the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety *** that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncated negative binomial models and traditional negative binomial models are calculated to seek the better *** result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed *** speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver ***,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash *** differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure *** interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.

关键词： traffic accidents pedestrians drivers road design zero-truncated negative binomial regression

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Incident indicators for freeway traffic flow models

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Communications in Transportation Research 2022年第1期2卷 66-74页

作者： Azita Dabiri Balazs Kulcsar Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftthe Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden

Developed in this paper is a traffic flow model parametrised to describe abnormal traffic *** large traffic networks,the immediate detection and categorisation of traffic incidents/accidents is of capital importance to avoid breakdowns,further ***,this claims for traffic flow models capable to capture abnormal traffic condition like ***,by means of proper real-time estimation technique,observing accident related parameters,one may even categorize the severity of ***,in this paper,we suggest to modify the nominal Aw-Rascle(AR)traffic model by a proper incident related *** proposed Incident traffic Flow(ITF)model is defined by introducing the incident parameters modifying the anticipation and the dynamic speed relaxation terms in the speed equation of the AR *** modifications are proven to have physical ***,the characteristic properties of the ITF model is discussed in the paper.A multi stage numerical scheme is suggested to discretise in space and time the resulting non-homogeneous system of *** resulting systems of ODE is then combined with receding horizon estimation methods to reconstruct the incident ***,the viability of the suggested incident parametrisation is validated in a simulation environment.

关键词： Macroscopic traffic flow models Aw-Rascle model traffic accidents Moving horizon PDE ODE Multi stage numerical scheme

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A Workable Solution for Reducing the Large Number of Vehicle and Pedestrian accidents Occurring on a Yellow Light

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 82-87页

作者： Pranav Gupta Silki Arora Drive Safe Now Ottawa Canada

traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occ

关键词： traffic accidents Yellow Light traffic Light Signals Intersection Crashes Collision traffic Fatalities traffic Injuries Vehicles Safety Speed Limit Driving Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorcyclists Caution Line Yellow Light Dilemma Left Hand Turn on Yellow Distance Smart Road Technology Signs Signage Autonomous Vehicles AVs Road Safety IoT Internet of Things Infrastructure Accident Reduction Driving Habits Stop Line Red Light Jumping Pedestrian Safety Caution Light Stopping at Intersection Safety at Intersections

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