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Male attacks on infants and infant death during male takeovers in wild white-headed langurs(trachypithecus leucocephalus)

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 365-377页

作者： Lijie YIN Tong JIN Kunio WATANABE Dagong QIN Dezhi WANG Wenshi PAN Center for Nature and Society School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Chongzuo Biodiversity Research Institute Peking UniversityChongzuoGuangxiChina Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityJapan The Nature Conservancy China ProgramKunmingYunnanChina

Infanticide was first observed in langurs nearly 50 years ago,and this rare phenomenon has been inferred to have either an evolutionarily adaptive function or to be a pathological and non-functional *** this study,we report 5 male takeover events in one-male groups of white-headed langurs in the Nongguan Karst Hills,Guangxi,China from 1998 to *** recorded 13 attacks on 9 infants by extra-group males or new resident *** the male takeovers,all of the infants younger than 6 months(with an average age of 3.6 months[N=11])in the groups *** infant death rate during the 4.2 months after takeover by a new male was significantly higher than the infant death rate calculated for most of the *** infants that were still nursing(with an average age of 14.1 months[N=7])were often attacked and seriously wounded by the extra-group males or new resident males,but all of them *** interbirth intervals of females whose infants were assumed to be killed by males were significantly reduced relative to those of females in groups with stable male tenure(mean=10 months vs 25 months).Our data suggest that males kill unrelated and unweaned infants during the takeover period to decrease the time until the infants’mothers resume ***,infanticide would support sexual selection theory in white-headed *** data also show that infanticidal behavior was directed toward the infants,especially those who were still *** dispersal may function as a counter-strategy to avoid infanticide.

关键词： infanticide male takeover sexual selection hypothesis trachypithecus leucocephalus whiteheaded langur

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Sleeping site use of the white-headed langur trachypithecus leucocephalus： The role of predation risk, territorial defense, and proximity to feeding sites

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 260-268页

作者： Dayong LI Qihai ZHOU Xiaoping TANG Henglian HUANG Chengming HUANG Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong Sichuan 637002 China College of Life Science Guangxi Normal University Gulling Guangxi 541004 China Natiional Zoological Museum Istitute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

We collected data on sleeping site use from two groups of white-headed langurs trachypithecus leucocephalus living in Fusui Nature Reserve, China between August 2007 and July 2008. This information was used to test several hypotheses regarding ultimate causes of sleeping site use in this primate. White-headed langurs slept either in caves （17 sites） or on a cliffledge （one site）. They used all sleeping sites repeatedly, and reused some of them on consecutive nights; three nights was the longest consecutive use of any one sleep site. We suggest that langurs use sleeping sites to make approach and attack by predators difficult, and to increase their own familiarity with a location so as to improve chances for escape. Langurs＇ cryptic behaviors with an increased level of vigilance before entering sleeping sites may also help in decreasing the possibility of detection by predators. Group 1 spent more sleeping nights in the central area of their territory than expected; in contrast, group 2 spent more sleeping nights in the periphery of their territory, which overlaps with that of another groups, than expected. The position of sleeping site relative to the last feeding site of the day and the first feeding site of the subsequent morning indicated a strategy closer to that of a multiple central place forager than of a central place forager. These results suggest that territory defense and food access may play an important role in sleeping site use of white-headed langurs [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 260-268, 2011].

关键词： White-headed langur trachypithecus leucocephalus Sleeping site Limestone habitat

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