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Temporal Variability in Fine Carbonaceous Aerosol over Two Years in Two Megacities:Beijing and toronto

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第3期27卷 705-714页

作者：杨复沫 Jeffrey BROOK 贺克斌段凤魁马永亮 College of Earth Science Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate/Science and Technology Branch Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

Time-series of weekly total carbon （TC） concentrations of fine aerosol particles （PM2.5） in Beijing and toronto were compared to investigate their respective levels and temporal patterns over two years from August 2001 through July 2003. In addition to this comparison, differences in the factors contributing to the observed concentrations and their temporal variations are discussed. Based upon past knowledge about the two megacities with highly contrasting air pollutant levels, it is not surprising that the average TC concentration in Belling （31.5 μg C m^-3） was greater than that in toronto by a factor of 8.3. Despite their large concentration differences, in both cities TC comprised a similarly large component of PM2.5. TC concentrations exhibited very different seasonal patterns between the two cities. In Beijing, TC experienced higher levels and greater weekly fluctuations in winter whereas in toronto this behavior was seen in summer. As a result, the greatest gap in TC concentrations between Beijing and toronto （by a factor of 12.7） occurred in winter, while the smallest gap （a factor of 4.6） was in summer. In Beijing, seasonal variations in the emissions probably played a greater role than meteorology in influencing the TC seasonality, while in toronto during the warm months more than 80% of the hourly winds were recorded from the south, along with many potential anthropogenic sources for the days with high TC concentrations. This comparison of the differences provides insight into the major factors affecting carbonaceous aerosol in each city.

关键词： total carbon PM2.5 temporal variation carbonaceous aerosol Beijing toronto

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toronto

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中学英语园地（高一版） 2005年第3期 58-60页

作者：邢新河北

toronto is a big,beautiful and efficient city,one that has emerged from relative obscurity(不引人注目)over the past half century to become the center of culture,com-merce and communications in Canada.

关键词： toronto beautiful 支撑物 Canada banks silver perhaps

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Efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation therapy in patients with refractory diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第1期132卷 11-16页

作者： Hong Mao Wei Wei Xiu-Li Fu Jing-Jian Dong Xiao-Yu Lyu Ting Jia Yang Tang Shi Zhao Department of Endocrinology The Central Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430014China Department of Economics Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637332Singapore

Background:Owing to the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN),conventional drug therapies have not been effective.The application of stem cells transplantation may be useful for the treatment of DPN.This study was designed to assess the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) transplantation on the treatment of refractory DPN.Methods:One hundred and sixty-eight patients with refractory DPN were recruited and enrolled in the study.They received intramuscular injection of BMMNCs and followed at 1,3,6,12,18,24,and 36 months after the transplantation.Clinical data,toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS),and nerve conduction studies (NCSs) were compared before and after the transplantation.Results:The signs and symptoms of neuropathy were significantly improved after BMMNCs transplantation.The values of the TCSS scores at 1 month (9.68 ± 2.49 vs.12.55 ± 2.19,P<0.001) and 3 months (8.47 ± 2.39 vs.12.55 ± 2.19,P<0.001) after the treatment reduced significantly compared with the baseline value.This decrement remained persistent until the end of the study.The conduction velocity and action potential and sensory nerves were significantly improved after transplantation (3 and 12 months after the treatment vs.the baseline:motor nerve conduction velocity,40.24 ± 2.80 and 41.00 ± 2.22 m/s vs.38.21 ± 2.28 m/s,P<0.001;sensory nerve conduction velocity,36.96 ± 2.26 and 39.15 ± 2.61 m/s vs.40.41 ± 2.22 m/s,P<0.001;compound muscle action potential,4.67 ± 1.05 and 5.50 ± 1.20 μV vs.5.68 ± 1.08 μV,P<0.001;sensory nerve action potential,4.29 ± 0.99 and 5.14 ± 1.26 μV vs.5.41 ± 1.14 μV,P<0.001).No adverse event associated with the treatment was observed during the follow-up period.Conclusions:Autologous transplantation of BMMNCs may be an effective and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of refractory DPN.

关键词： Bone marrow mononuclear cells diabetic peripheral neuropathy autologous transplantation toronto clinical scoring system nerve conduction

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Is Evidence-Based Conservation Applied in Urban Forestry? A Case Study from toronto, Canada

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第1期4卷 28-33页

作者： Adam R. Martin W. Eric Davies Danijela Puric-Mladenovic Sandy M. Smith Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto Earth Sciences Building Toronto Canada Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto Earth Sciences Building Toronto Canada Information Management and Spatial Analysis Southern Science and Information Section Ministry of Natural Resources Peterborough Canada

Evidence-based conservation seeks to incorporate sound scientific information into environmental decision making. The application of this concept in urban forest management has tremendous potential, but to date has been little applied, largely because existing scientific studies emphasize the importance of urban forests in large-scale ecological and anthropogenic processes, but in practice, scientific evidence is ostensibly incorporated into North American urban forest management only when deciding the fate of individual trees. Even under these disjunctive conditions, the degree to which evidence influences tree-level decisions remains debatable. In analyzing preliminary data from a case study from toronto, Canada, we sought to test if and how scientific evidence factored into the decision to remove or preserve 53 trees, located in close proximity to a provincially significant area of natural and scientific interest (ANSI). We found that by far the strongest tree-level correlate of the recommendation to remove or preserve trees was whether or not an individual tree was in conflict with proposed development. In comparison, species identity, tree condition, and suitability for conservation were statistically unrelated to the final recommendation. Our findings provide the basis to expand our analysis to multiple case studies across Canada, and internationally. Furthermore, when interpreted with available research and policy, our preliminary (and future) analysis highlights clear opportunities where scientific evidence can and should be readily incorporated into urban forestry management and policy.

关键词： ANSI Arboriculture Black Oak Evidence-Based Conservation Land Use Planning toronto Tree Bylaw Urban Forestry Urban Forest Policy

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Algorithm Regulation Under the Framework of Human Rights Protection——From the Perspective of toronto Declaration

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The Journal of Human Rights 2019年第4期18卷 495-510页

作者：徐斌 CHEN Feng(译) Institute of Law Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 不详

The application of artificial intelligence algorithms in public services brings with it issues such as algorithmic discrimination and inequality.The discussion of the ethics and regulation of algorithms,from the legal perspective,is actually the relationship between intelligent algorithms and the protection of human rights.In response to the discrimination and prejudice of algorithmic violations of human rights,a coalition of nonprofit organizations released the toronto Declaration on Machine Learning regulates the development and use of algorithms with the principle of"due process."The Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI issued by the European Union in 2019 focus on the participants in algorithm development.While US courts that the algorithms enjoy the right to"freedom of speech".China should learn from the foreign algorithm regulation experience,and seek to establish an overall framework of government regulation that balances the need for technological innovation and commercial competition with human rights protection.

关键词： toronto Declaration algorithm human rights legal regulation pragmatism

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toronto City Committee wants e-scooters barred from sidewalks

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数理天地（高中版） 2019年第10期 48-49页

作者：周越不详

加拿大的共享电动滑板还没启动,多伦多市政厅已经开始讨论不允许这些滑板车停在人行道上了。Barring e-scooters from city sidewalks,recom mendedb yacitycom mitteeon M onday, wouldmake it impossib le to introduce the concept t... 详细信息

关键词： toronto City e-scooters barred sidewalks

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去多伦多旅行

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2023年第12期 14-17,51页

作者： Ruth Devlin 不详

toronto is the largest city in Canada.People sometimes call it"the world in one city."Why?Because you can hear more than 180 languages onthestreetsthere.

关键词： Canada toronto street

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Death and Taxes in the Ancient Near East, Lewiston/Queenston

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 1994年 9卷 144-149页

This collection of thoughtful and interesting studies began as a symposium held at the University of toronto in March 1991, where, according to the editor’s preface, several of the papers were presented. The prefatory material is followed by nine papers which, using the somewhat wry heading of "death and taxes" as a takeoff point, illuminate a wide variety of topics over a wide geographical and chronological range. The studies deal with a spectrum of cultural remains, encompassing texts, art, archaeological and architectural materials; they range in approach from very "down-to-

关键词： somewhat heading toronto editor Death collection symposium architectural geographical Bowman

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Editorial Board

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第9期6卷 631-633页

2014-2017 EDITORS-IN-CHIEFKai U Juergens,BremenStuart M Grieve,SydneyWai-Kit Lee,FitzroyTarik Zine Belhocine,torontoJames Chow,toronto The World Journal of Radiology Editorial Board consists of 365 members,representing a team of worldwide experts in radiology.They are from 36 countries,including Afghanistan(1),Argentina(2),Australia(5),Austria(7),Belgium(2),Brazil(8),Canada(6),Chile(1),China(43),Croatia(1),Denmark(4),Egypt(6),France(5),Germany(22),Greece(10),India(12),Iran(6),Ireland(2),Israel(3),Italy(47),Japan(13),Netherlands(1),New Zealand(1),Pakistan(1),Poland(2),Portugal(1),Serbia(1),Singapore(3),Slovakia(1),South Korea(18),Spain(4),Sweden(2),Switzerland(4),Thailand(1),Turkey(26),United Kingdom(11),and United States(82).

关键词： representing Australia Zealand radiology Israel Brazil Thailand toronto Pakistan Ireland

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toronto 1购买Avid端对端广播解决方案

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电视字幕．特技与动画 2003年第12期10卷 16-17页

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