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Co-seismic change in ocean bottom topography:Implication to absolute global mean sea level change

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第3期10卷 179-186页

作者： Jiangcun Zhou Heping Sun Jianqiao Xu Xiaodong Chen Xiaoming Cui State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Earthquakes perturb both the ocean bottom topography due to displacements of sea floor and the geoid due to mass redistribution, which induces the relative sea level(RSL) change. However, the relative global mean sea level(GMSL) change is zero in that sea water mass is conserved. But the absolute GMSL change is not zero because earthquakes displace total ocean mass with respect to the Earth’s center of mass(CM) which remains unchanged after an earthquake. This displacement, i.e. the absolute GMSL change, may be detectable by altimetry since the satellites are orbiting around CM. In this paper, we proposed a method to estimate co-seismic absolute GMSL change caused by earthquakes based on the point dislocation theory for a spherically symmetric, non-rotating, elastic and isotropic(SNREI) *** change can be directly connected to the perturbation of ocean bottom topography. We first computed co-seismic displacements as well as the change in geo-potential and solved the sea level equation to validate the insignificance of the oceans’ feedback, i.e. the loading effect due to RSL change, to co-seismic displacements. The results imply that the loading effect due to RSL change is negligible on displacements while is considerable on geoid. We then computed the absolute GMSL change caused by co-seismic vertical and horizontal displacements by making use of the integrated Green’s function method. The numerical results show that a large earthquake may raise the absolute GMSL by magnitude of sub-millimeter and the recent three large events cause GMSL to rise about one millimeter, in which the contribution from horizontal displacement is non-negligible.

关键词： Point dislocation theory SNREI earth Sea level equation Absolute GMSL Ocean bottom topography

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THE INFLUENCE OF topography ON THE NONLINEAR INTERACTION OF ROSSBY WAVES iN THE BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 1994年第6期15卷 585-594页

作者：熊建刚易帆李钧 Wuhan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Wuhan

In the frame of weak nonlinear theory,a set of equations depicting the nonlinear interactions of barotropic Rossby waves are derived,the topography and Ekman fric-tion are involved in the *** from the equations,we investigate the in -teraction of three Rossby wave packets with narrow-spread in wave *** an intense primary pump Rossby wave with amplitude larger than a threshold propagates through the atmosphere ,the amplitude of one Rossby wave packet with scale greaterthan the primary one and one Rossby wave packet with scale smaller than the primaryone grow exponentially through three wave interactions,the intrinsic frequencies of the secondary waves can be varied,The threshold and the variation of the intrinsic frequ-encies of the secondary waves are related to the Ekman friction frequency dismatchtopography and spatial evolution of the secondary Rossby wave packets.

关键词： topography Rossby waves non-resonant parametric instability

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Corneal topography Research of Myopia in Chinese

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Eye Science 1996年第3期16卷 163-165页

作者： Yuesheng Lin, Jiaqi Chen, Zheng Wang, Zuguo Liu, Jianfuan XuanZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, China Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China.

Purpose: To determine corneal topography parameters of myopia in Chinese and help for studies of causes of myopia, distingiush other corneal diseases (such as early keratoconus), further explore the accurateness and safeness of the clinical effects of radii keratotomy(RK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: Fifty-eight eyes with mild or moderate myopia were examined by computer-assisted photokeratography. (TMS-1 Computed Anatomy Inc. New York. NY)Results: The corneal topography of most (68%) of the examined eyes showed symmetric bowtie pattern; the corneal surface of most (75%) of the examined eyes showed positive aspheric shape (steeper centrally, flatter peripherally); the refractive power of central cornea is at mean 44. 165 ± 1. 429D; the refractive difference between 1 to 25 ring in keratoscpe was at mean 1. 655 ± 0. 785D; the mean SRI was 0. 558 ± 0. 768, the mean SAI was 0. 296 ± 0. 149; the mean Smik was 44. 209±1. 515D. The apex and visual axis were dislocation in all the

关键词： myopia refraction topography

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A review of the dual-wavelength technique for phase imaging and 3D topography

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 136-156页

作者： Haowen Zhou Mallik M.R.Hussain Partha P.Banerjee Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics University of DaytonDaytonOH 45469USA. Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA. Halo Industries Inc. Palo AltoCA95303USA

Optically transmissive and reflective objects may have varying surface profiles,which translate to arbitrary phase profiles for light either transmitted through or reflected from the *** high-throughput applications,resolving arbitrary phases and absolute heights is a key *** extend the ability of measuring absolute phase jumps in existing 3D imaging techniques,the dual-wavelength concept,proposed in late 1800s,has been developed in the last few *** adopting an extra wavelength in measurements,a synthetic wavelength,usually larger than each of the single wavelengths,can be simulated to extract large phases or height variations from micron-level to tens of centimeters *** review a brief history of the developments in the dualwavelength technique and present the methodology of this technique for using the phase difference and/or the phase *** applications of the dual-wavelength technique are discussed,including height feature extraction from micron scale to centimeter scale in holography and interferometry,single-shot dual-wavelength digital holography for high-speed imaging,nanometer height resolution with fringe subdivision method,and applications in other novel phase imaging techniques and optical *** noise sources for dualwavelength techniques for phase imaging and 3D topography are discussed,and potential ways to reduce or remove the noise are mentioned.

关键词： topography 3D imaging Phase unwrapping Dual wavelength

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THE EFFECT OF SLOPING BOTTOM topography ON THE SOURCE-DRIVEN DEEP TROPICAL CIRCULATION

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1998年第4期16卷 308-316页

作者：吕建吴德星

An inverted one-and-a-half layer reduced-gravity linear shallow-waer model with lin-early varied topography is formulated, in which a uniform mid-depth upweling is prescribed The analyti-cal particular solution of order single equation in u1 showed that the linear topography inclinationforces the water column to move pole-ward with increased planetary vorticity or to produce relative vortici-ty, and hence to depress the cross-equatorial transport of deep western boundary current. It is notewnrthythat the topography Plays the same role as Newtonian Cooling in forcing on the absolute voricity.

关键词： topography reduced-gravity cross-equatorial transport deep western boundary current Newtonian Cooling

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Seasonal cycle of topography in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and its relationships with atmospheric forcing and oceanic adjustment based on altimetry data

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2004年第3期22卷 256-264页

作者：王凡林鹏飞陈永利唐晓晖 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Institute of Qceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Seasonal cycle is the most significant signals of topography and circulation in the Bohai Sea (BS)and Yellow Sea (YS) forced by prevailing monsoon and is still poorly understood due to lack of data in their interiors. In the present study, seasonal cycles of topography in the BS and YS and its relationship with atmospheric forcing and oceanic adjustment were examined and discussed using TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2 Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) data. Analyses revealed complicated seasonal cycles of topography composed mainly of2 REOF modes, the winter-summer mode (WIM) and spring-autumn mode (SAM). The WIM with action center in the BS displayed peak and southward pressure gradient in July, and valley and northward pressure gradient in January, which is obviously the direct response to monsoon with about 1-month response time. The SAM with action center in the western south YS displayed peak and northward pressure gradient in October and valley and southward pressure gradient in April. After the mature period of monsoon, the action center in the BS became weakened while that in the western south YS became strengthened because of regional convergence or divergence induced by seasonal variations of the Taiwan Warm Current and Yellow Sea Coastal Current. The direct response of topography to monsoon resulted in the WIM, while oceanic adjustment of topography played an important role in the forming of the SAM.

关键词： topography seasonal cycle sea level anomalies the Bohai Sea the Yellow Sea response adjustment

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EFFECTS OF topography ON PROPAGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INERTIA GRAVITY WAVE

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1995年第4期9卷 488-500页

作者：王兴宝 Institute of Meteorology PLA Air ForceNanjing 211101

Effects of topography on the propagation and development of inertia gravity waves are investigated by means of WKBJ *** equation of wave action conservation is *** is found that the inertia gravity wave tends to propagate to the higher elevation area,meanwhile the amplitudes of the waves *** the inertia gravity waves propagate to a lower elevation area, their amplitudes decrease.

关键词： topography inertia gravity wave WKBJ method

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Fractography Analysis of Monolithic Epoxy with Tailored topography

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2016年第4期4卷 517-527页

作者： Rasheed Atif Fawad Inam Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

The topographical features of fractured tensile, flexural, K1C, and impact specimens of monolithic epoxy have been studied and correlated with mechanical properties and surface features of samples before fracture. The topographical features studied include waviness (Wa), roughness average (Ra), root mean square value (Rq), and maximum roughness height (Rmax or Rz). As surface notches generate triaxial state of stress, therefore, the crack propagation is precipitated resulting in catastrophic failure. Although surfaces can be examined before fracture for any deleterious topographical elements, however, fractured surfaces can reveal finer details about the topography. It is because, as discussed in this article, surfaces with specific topography produce fracture patterns of peculiar aesthetics, and if delved deeper, they can further be used to estimate about the topography of surfaces before fracture. In addition, treating the samples with surfaces of specific topography can help improve the mechanical properties of monolithic epoxy.

关键词： Fractography topography Monolithic Epoxy Fracture Toughness Mechanical Properties

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INFLUENCES OF topography ON BAROCLINIC SOLITARY ROSSBY WAVES IN A MULTILEVEL MODEL

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1992年第3期6卷 311-324页

作者：吕克利 H.R.Cho Department of Atmospheric Sciences.Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 Department of Physics University of TorontoCanada

The KdV equation with topography included in an N-level model is derived. It is shown that if the topography ex- ists. the KdV equation may describe the solitary Rossby waves in the case of basic current without vertical shear, and it is no necessary to introduce the MKdV equation. The results of calculations show that the change of horizontal shear pattern of basic flow may cause an important change of the streamline pattern of the solitary waves with the odd meridional wavenumber m, and has no effect for the even meridional wavenumber m. The vertical shear increases the steepness of the barotropic solitary modes, and it has a complicated effect on the baroclinic modes. The influences of topographic slope on the solitary waves are very great. The southern and northern slopes of topography may cause dif- ferent solitary wave patterns, with the effect of northern slope greater. The effect of Froude number on the solitary waves is generally to steepen the solitary waves, however, the effect also depends on the meridional wavenumber m and the modes of solitary wave.

关键词： topography solitary wave N-level model

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Application of topography fast marching method in landslide

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Global Geology 2021年第3期24卷 160-168页

作者： YANG Junjie SUN Hui WEI Chengwu JIANG Zhenghong LI Meng Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China School of Resources and Environment University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China China Railway Academy Chengdu Company LimitedChengdu 610036China

Geophysical exploration methods are important tools for landslide disaster assessment,landslide treatment scheme design,and landslide prevention *** exploration,as an important geophysical exploration method,plays an critical role in geological disaster *** is one of the most frequently used seismic *** many different traveltime calculation methods,the fast marching method(FMM)is featured for its advantages in high efficiency,high accuracy and strong *** this paper,the velocity models are established according to the real landslide models,and then the topography FMM is applied to these landslide *** calculation results show that topography FMM outperforms in calculating the traveltime for landslides.

关键词： fast marching method seismic exploration traveltime calculation landslide topography

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