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Influence of topography on the fine structures of stratospheric gravity waves:An analysis using COSMIC-2 temperature data

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 497-513页

作者： JiaRui Wei Xiao Liu JiYao Xu QinZeng Li Hong Gao State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Electromagnetic Wave School of PhysicsHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang Henan 453000China

We derive the potential energy of gravity waves(GWs)in the upper troposphere and stratosphere at 45°S-45°N from December 2019 to November 2022 by using temperature profiles retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate-2(COSMIC-2)*** to the dense sampling of COSMIC-2,in addition to the strong peaks of gravity wave potential energy(GWPE)above the Andes and Tibetan Plateau,we found weak peaks above the Rocky,Atlas,Caucasus,and Tianshan *** land-sea contrast is responsible for the longitudinal variations of the GWPE in the lower and upper *** 40°N/S,the peaks were mainly above the topographic regions during the *** 20°N/S,the peaks were a slight distance away from the topographic regions and might be the combined effect of nontopographic GWs and mountain *** the Equator,the peaks were mainly above the regions with the lowest sea level altitude and may have resulted from *** results indicate that even above the local regions with lower sea level altitudes compared with the Andes and Tibetan Plateau,the GWPE also exhibits fine structures in geographic *** found that dissipation layers above the tropopause jet provide the body force to generate secondary waves in the upper stratosphere,especially during the winter months of each hemisphere and at latitudes of greater than 20°N/S.

关键词： topography fine structures stratospheric gravity waves Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate-2(COSMIC-2) dissipation layers

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Substrate topography as a powerful tool to modify glial cell biology and interactions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1390-1391页

作者： Pascal Achenbach Haktan Altinova Gary A.Brook Institute of Neuropathology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany Berlin State Office for Health and Social Affairs(LAGeSo) BerlinGermany

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system(CNS) result in disruption of the intricate network of axons which connect functionally related neurons that are widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal *** normal conditions,maintenance of this complex system is structurally and functionally supported by astrocytes (ACs)and other glial cells,the processes of which form a framework surrounding neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,axons,and synapses.

关键词： injuries topography system

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Influence of topography on the Distribution and Structure of Woody Plants in the Senegalese Sahel (Sandy Ferlo)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 14-28页

作者： Moustapha Bassimbe Sagna Aïssatou Ndong Thiam Khoudia Niang Oumar Sarr Aly Diallo Sekouna Diatta Daouda Ngom Aliou Guissé Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal IRL 3189 “Environment Health Society” Tessekere Human Environment Observatory (Senegal) Dakar Senegal Department of Agronomy and Plant Production El Hadji Ibrahima Niasse University Kaolack Senegal Department of Agroforestry Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal

This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference.

关键词： Woody Plants Distribution topography Ferlo Senegal

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Imaging ultrafast evolution of subwavelengthsized topography using single-probe structured light microscopy

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Photonics Research 2022年第8期10卷 1900-1908页

作者： JIE XU CHANGJUN MIN YUQUAN ZHANG JIELEI NI GENGWEI CAO QIANYI WEI JIANJUN YANG XIAOCONG YUAN Nanophotonics Research Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology&Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China

Imaging ultrafast processes in femtosecond(fs) laser–material interactions such as fs laser ablation is very important to understand the physical mechanisms involved. To achieve this goal with high resolutions in both spatial and temporal domains, a combination of optical pump–probe microscopy and structured illumination microscopy can be a promising approach, but suffers from the multiple-frame method with a phase shift that is inapplicable to irreversible ultrafast processes such as ablation. Here, we propose and build a wide-field singleprobe structured light microscopy(SPSLM) to image the ultrafast three-dimensional topography evolution induced by fs lasers, where only a single imaging frame with a single structured probe pulse is required for topography reconstruction, benefiting from Fourier transform profilometry. The second harmonic of the fs laser is used as the structured probe light to improve spatial lateral resolution into the subwavelength region of ~478 nm, and the spatial axial and temporal resolutions are estimated to be ~22 nm and ~256 fs, respectively. With SPSLM, we successfully image the ultrafast topography evolution of a silicon wafer surface impacted by single and multiple fs pulses. The variable formation and evolution of the laser induced periodic surface structures during an ultrashort time are visualized and analyzed. We believe that SPSLM will be a significant approach for revealing and understanding various ultrafast dynamics, especially in fs laser ablation and material science.

关键词： pump topography evolution

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Differences in nano-topography and tribochemistry of ZDDP tribofilms from variations in contact configuration with steel and DLC surfaces

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Friction 2022年第2期10卷 296-315页

作者： Lucija COGA Somayeh AKBARI Janez KOVA Mitjan KALIN NanoSciTec GmbH Munich 80687Germany Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics Jo?ef Stefan InstituteLjubljana 1000Slovenia Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

In this work,we evaluated the effect of the counter-body material(the same or dissimilar)and contact configuration(moving or stationary body),at similar contact tribological conditions,on the tribochemical and nanotopography characteristics of adsorbed surface *** dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDDP),the best performing anti-wear additive,was used in self-mated steel/steel and DLC/DLC contacts,which were compared with mixed steel/DLC and DLC/steel contacts in 1-h and 6-h sliding *** macroscale(tribometer)and nanoscale(atomic force microscopy)friction,thickness,topography,and chemical(attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)properties of the tribofilms were *** results revealed unexpectedly large differences in all the studied tribofilm parameters;this is because all the tribofilms are completely different;this includes the chemical composition,which is known to have a crucial effect on the nano-and macro-scale tribological *** results clearly demonstrate that the surface material,additives,and common contact operating parameters,that is,pressure,velocity,and temperature,crucially affect the ZDDP tribofilm as well as the position of the moving or stationary surface within the contact,and the material of the moving/stationary bodies.

关键词： dithiophosphate(ZDDP) diamond-like carbon(DLC) steel tribofilm tribochemistry nano-friction thickness topography

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A two-step three dimensional marine magnetotelluric inversion method with considering rugged seafloor topography:Synthetic studies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 765-780页

作者： Pengfei LIANG Qingyun DI Changmin FU Ruo WANG Qihui ZHEN Zhe YUN Jiagang ZHANG CAS Engineering Laboratory for Deep Resources Equipment and Technology Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Exploration Surveying Institute of Baogang Group Baotou 014010China

Inversion of magnetotelluric(MT) responses has been used to explore the electrical conductivity distribution of the Earth’s interior. In three-dimensional(3-D) inversions, it is significant to use a good initial model, because final model obtained by most 3-D inversion methods is influenced by the initial model. Although uniform initial models are widely used in 3-D inversions, one-dimensional(1-D) initial models are alternatives, which could more appropriately represent the actual conductivity variations in the Earth’s interior. This study presents a two-step 3-D inversion method, especially for marine cases. This inversion method first concentrates on obtaining a 1-D initial model and then inverts for 3-D conductivity structures with it, in both of which the 3-D topography is carefully taken into consideration. This method was tested by synthetic models of different topography variations(depression-shaped, smoothly varying, channel-shaped and square-shaped plateau topography) and of heterogeneous layers with different checkerboard-type anomalies(sharp or smooth lateral conductivity variations) embedded in1-D model of depth-dependent conductivity. The comparisons were done about obtaining an initial model by the proposed method and that inverted from the corrected responses. The results of 3-D inversions by using the method of this study were also compared to that with different uniform initial models. Results of synthetic tests and comparisons were discussed by using directional information of newly introduced model-vector parameters. The performance and validity of this method was *** also revealed that some of the newly introduced model-vector parameters could be used to show the convergence of inversions and help to select inverse model.

关键词： Magnetotelluric Integral equation topography Inversion Convergence

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Fucoidan and topography modification improved in situ endothelialization on acellular synthetic vascular grafts

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生物活性材料(英文) 2023年第4期22卷 535-550页

作者： Yuan Yao Aung Moe Zaw Deirdre E.J.Anderson YeJin Jeong Joshua Kunihiro Monica T.Hinds Evelyn K.F.Yim Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada Department of Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR97239USA Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada

Thrombogenesis remains the primary failure of synthetic vascular *** coverage is crucial to provide an antithrombogenic ***,most synthetic materials do not support cell adhesion,and transanastomotic endothelial migration is ***,a surface modification strategy using fucoidan and topography was developed to enable fast in situ endothelialization of polyvinyl alcohol,which is not endothelial *** three different immobilization approaches compared,conjugation of aminated-fucoidan promoted endothelial monolayer formation while minimizing thrombogenicity in both in vitro platelet rich plasma testing and ex vivo non-human primate shunt *** of six topographical patterns showed that 2μm gratings increased endothelial cell migration without inducing inflammation responses of endothelial *** studies demonstrated that fucoidan could attract fibronectin,enabling integrin binding and focal adhesion formation and activating focal adhesion kinase(FAK)signaling,and 2μm gratings further enhanced FAK-mediated cell *** a clinically relevant rabbit carotid artery end-to-side anastomosis model,60%in situ endothelialization was observed throughout the entire lumen of 1.7 mm inner diameter modified grafts,compared to 0%of unmodified graft,and the four-week graft patency also *** work presents a promising strategy to stimulate in situ endothelialization on synthetic materials for improving long-term performance.

关键词： Blood-contacting devices Small diameter vascular graft Endothelialization topography Fucoidan

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Soil moisture response to land use and topography across a semi-arid watershed: Implications for vegetation restoration on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 103-120页

作者： XIA Lu BI Ru-tian SONG Xiao-yu HU Wei LYU Chun-juan XI Xu LI Huai-you College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704Christchurch 8140New Zealand School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215000China Xifeng Scientific Experiment Station of Soil and Water Conservation Yellow River Conservancy CommissionQingyang 745000China

Soil moisture is a limiting factor of ecosystem development in the semi-arid Loess Plateau. Characterizing the soil moisture response to its dominant controlling factors, such as land use and topography, and quantifying the soil-water carrying capacity for revegetation is of great significance for vegetation restoration in this region. In this study, soil moisture was monitored to a depth of 2 m in three land use types(native grassland, introduced grassland,and forestland), two landforms(hillslope and gully),and two slope aspects(sunny and shady) in the Nanxiaohegou watershed of the Loess Plateau,Northwest China. The MIKE SHE model was then applied to simulate the soil moisture dynamics under different conditions and determine the optimal plant coverage. Results showed that the average soil moisture was higher in native grassland than in introduced grassland and Platycladus orientalis forestland for a given topographic condition;however,a high soil moisture content was found in Robinia pseudoacacia forestland, with a value that was even higher than the native grassland of a sunny slope. The divergent results in the two forestlands were likely attributed to the differences in plant coverage. Gully regions and shady slopes usually had higher soil moisture, while lower soil moisture was usually distributed on the hillslope and sunny ***, the mean absolute relative error and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of the MIKE SHE model ranged between 2.8%–7.8% and 0.550–0.902,respectively, indicating that the model could effectively simulate the soil moisture dynamics. The optimal plant coverage was thus determined for hillslope P. orientalis by the model, corresponding to a leaf area index(LAI) value of 1.92. Therefore, for sustainable revegetation on the Loess Plateau,selecting suitable land use types(natural vegetation),controlling the planting density/LAI, and selecting proper planting locations(gully and shady slope regions) should be considered by loca

关键词： Soil moisture MIKE SHE Optimal plant coverage Land use topography

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Effect of topography on the changes of Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第7期14卷 719-738页

作者： LI Hongliang WANG Puyu LI Zhongqin JIN Shuang XU Chunhai MU Jianxin HE Jie YU Fengchen State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Sciences Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China

topography plays an important role in determining the glacier ***,topography has often been oversimplified in the studies of the glacier *** systematic studies have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between the glacier changes and topographic *** present study provided a detailed insight into the changes in the two branches(east branch and west branch)of Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains since 1993 and systematically discussed the effect of topography on the glacier *** study analyzed comprehensive recently observed data(from 1992/1993 to 2018/2019),including mass balance,ice thickness,surface elevation,ice velocity,terminus,and area,and then determined the differences in the changes of the two branches and explored the effect of topography on the glacier *** also applied a topographic solar radiation model to analyze the influence of topography on the incoming shortwave radiation(SW_(in))across the entire glacier,focusing on the difference in the SW_(in) between the two *** glacier mass balance of the east branch was more negative than that of the west branch from 1992/1993 to 2018/2019,and this was mainly attributed to the lower average altitude of the east *** with the west branch,the decrease rate of the ice velocity was lower in the east branch owing to its relatively increased *** narrow shape of the west branch and its southeast aspect in the earlier period resulted in a larger glacier terminus retreat of the west *** spatial variability of the SW_(in) across the glacier surface became much larger as altitude *** SW_(in) received by the east branch was slightly larger than that received by the west branch,and the northern aspect could receive more SW_(in),leading to glacier *** the future,the difference of the glacier changes between the two branches will continue to exist due to their topographic *** work is fundamental

关键词： glacier changes topography solar radiation glacier terminus retreat climate warming Urumqi Glacier No.1 Chinese Tianshan Mountains

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Bionic superhydrophobic surfaces based on topography of copper oxides

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2022年第3期8卷 199-211页

作者： Chen Chen Haiyang Zhan Xiangge Bai Zichao Yuan Lei Zhao Yahua Liu Shile Feng Key Laboratory for Precision&Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of TechnologyDalianChina

Superhydrophobic surfaces(SHSs)exist in many biological organisms endowed by spectacular surface topographies,which provide important insights to drive a paradigm shift in design of engineering *** on this,extensive progresses have been developed on bionic superhydrophobic *** them,SHSs based on topography of copper oxides exhibit considerable application prospects because of the steerability and diversity of topography,as well as additional performances,such as antibiosis,anticorrosion and *** first present a brief overview of the discovery of natural SHSs as well as fundamental understanding of surface wetting ***,the structural effects in superhydrophobic systems based on the topographies of biological organisms and copper oxides are ***,we highlight the perspectives on the novel design strategies of copper oxide‐based SHSs that adapt to various practical applications.

关键词： biological organisms bionic SHSs copper‐oxides topography wetting

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