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A likely autotetraploidization event shaped the Chinese mahogany(toona sinensis)genome

Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第2期9卷 306-320页

作者： Jianyu Wang Ziyi Yang Tianyu Lei Yan Zhang Qimeng Xiao Zijian Yu Jiaqi Zhang Sangrong Sun Qiang Xu Shaoqi Shen Zimo Yan Mengnan Fang Yue Ding Zihan Liu Qianwen Zhu Ke Ren Yuxin Pan Haibin Liu Jinpeng Wang School of Life Sciences Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebei 063000China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Chinese mahogany(toona sinensis) is of considerable medical and economic importance, and its genome has been deciphered. However, the process underlying its polyploidy is unclear, and the chromosomal evolutionary trajectory is poorly understood. Here, by reanalysing the *** genome, we found evidence of a tetraploidization event(T. sinensis special tetraploidization, TST) that occurred approximately 15-17 million years ago(MYA) after the core eudicot-common hexaploidization(ECH or gamma) event. We characterized the synonymous nucleotide substitution rates(Ks values) of collinear genes and found that T. sinensis genes affected by the TST evolve at a slower rate than Acer yangbiense genes. Furthermore, we identified homologous genes related to polyploidization and speciation and constructed multiple alignments with different reference genomes. Notably, the significant balance of gene retention and loss characterized in the two TST-derived subgenomes suggests an autopolyploid nature of the TST. Moreover, we deduced the chromosomal karyotypes of the two subgenomes and identified 7chromosomal fusions that have shaped the T. sinensis genome;more information is available on a newly constructed karyotype platform(http://***/toona_sinensis/***). The T. sinensis genome preserves the ancestral chromosome structure of dicotyledons well and could serve as a good reference for understanding genomic changes in other Meliaceae and Sapindales plants. In addition, we verified that tandem duplication and the ECH have promoted the expansion of terpene synthase(TPS) genes;conversely, the TST seems to have inhibited expansion of these genes. This present effort has clarified the polyploidy events of the T. sinensis genome, filled gaps in the history of karyotype evolution, and laid a solid foundation for further genomic studies in the Meliaceae research community and beyond.

关键词： toona sinensis Alignment Autotetraploidization Karyotype evolution Terpene synthase genes

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Lactam Triterpenoids from the Bark of toona sinensis

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2016年第5期6卷 239-245页

作者： Qian-Qian Meng Xing-Rong Peng Shuang-Yang Lu Luo-Sheng Wan Xia Wang Jin-Run Dong Rui Chu Lin Zhou Xiao-Nian Li Ming-Hua Qiu State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kunming 650500People’s Republic of China

Three new limonoid-type triterpenoids,namely toonasins A–C(1–3)with a rare lactam E ring,along with six known compounds(4–9)were isolated from the barks of toona *** structures of new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data,and the relative configuration of compound 1 was further characterized by X-ray crystallographic *** isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines(HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7 and SW480),and compounds 3 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicities.

关键词： toona sinensis Limonoids Lactam triterpenoids Cytotoxicity

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Research of Protected Cultivation Techniques of toona sinensis on Mountain Slopes

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Asian Agricultural Research 2018年第3期10卷 78-82页

作者： Qingzhen YIN Chengtong GU Liyong ZHANG Mingyue GU Institute of Cash Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Shijiazhuang 050051 China Luquan Gujia toona sinensis Specialized Cooperative Shijiazhuang 050200 China Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College Shijiazhuang 050026 China

In order to prolong the supply period and increase the economic value of toona sinensis,the protected cultivation of T. sinensis was carried out on mountainous slope to achieve stagger-season planting and the year round supply. The results showed that in late October to midNovember,the temperature was moderate( 1-10℃) and suitable for the lifting of seedlings and temporary planting dormancy. The line spacing of rooted seedlings in greenhouse was( 22-24) cm ×( 4-5) cm and planting density was 900 000-1 200 000 seedlings/ha. The line spacing of seedlings was( 14-13) cm ×( 3-4) cm and planting density was 1 950 000-2 100 000 seedlings/ha. T. sinensis began to sprout at 8-10℃ and stretch at 10-12℃. When the temperature was stable at 14℃ or above,T. sinensis started bolting and emerging leaves. The terminal buds sprouted in 40-50 d for the T. sinensis planted in greenhouse with the day temperature of 15-22℃ and night temperature over 10℃; the terminal buds sprouted in about 15 d for those planted in the greenhouse with day temperature of 20-25℃ and night temperature over 10℃. T. sinensis could be picked 3 times when planted in greenhouse,and the yield was about 24 720 kg/ha.

关键词： toona sinensis Protected cultivation Temporary planting Dormancy Cultivation techniques

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Effects of Drying and Blanching on the Quality of toona sinensis

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Chinese Food Science 2012年第2期1卷 28-31,36页

作者： ZHAO Ming-ye DAI Yun-qing SU Chun-yuan CHEN Min College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University

[Objective]To explore the best *** processing technology.[Method]The *** was treated by hot wind drying,freeze drying and blanching,and the contents of ascorbic acid,total phenolics and nitrite were determined respectively before and after the treatment to be a standard to evaluate the influence of different processing methods on the quality of ***.[Result]Both drying and blanching produced certain impact on the contents of all three components,among which the content of ascorbic acid was slightly influenced by vacuum freeze drying and short-time blanching,but greatly affected by long-time blanching and hot wind drying;the loss rate of polyphenols was above 60% when the hot wind drying,freeze drying and blanching lasted for more than 5 min,while it experienced little change under short-time blanching;hot wind drying and blanching may greatly reduce the content of nitrite,however,the vacuum freeze drying even improved the content,which would produce adverse impact on food safety.[Conclusion]Short-time blanching is the best method to process ***,it can effectively reduce its content of nitrite and retain the nutrients.

关键词： toona sinensis Ascorbic acid Polyphenol Nitrite China

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Relations between the cold resistance and the compositions of fatty acids of toona sinensis from different provenances

Relations between the cold resistance and the compositions o...

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河南省植物生理学会三十周年庆典暨学术研讨会

作者：杨玉珍王国霞 Department of Life Science Zhengzhou Normal University

Ten annual toona sinensis provenances seedlings,which were Xixia of Henan,Nanjing of Jiangsu,etc.,were choosed to be the materials to study the effect of low-temperature stress on fatty acid composition and content in leaves,and the relation to the cold *** results indicated that the fatty acid composition was the same among different *** main ones were Dodecanoic acid,Hexadecanoic acid,(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid,Octadecanoic acid and Eicosanoic *** there were evident differences in fatty acid content and index of unsaturated fatty acid(IUFA) among *** content of unsaturated fatty acid was lower in provenances of Xiapu of Fujian, Qianxinan of Guizhou and Dongkou of Hunan than *** the IUFA was also *** the other provenances from north were *** fatty acid content and IUFA were higher in provenances whose cold resistance were *** the fatty acid content and IUFA had a positive correlation to the cold resistance.

关键词： toona sinensis provenances fatty acid cold resistance

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香椿(toona sinensis)种源苗期试验初报

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浙江农林大学学报 1982年第2期 26-32页

作者：孙鸿有蔡克孝王隆护浙江林学院临安县玲珑区林业站

香椿是我国珍贵的速生用材树种,有中国的"桃花心木"之称。其栽培历史悠久,分布范围很广,从南到北,遍及大半个中国。开展香椿种源试验,研究它的变异情况和规律,无疑在理论上和生产上都有重要意义。现将我们1981年所做的香椿种源苗期试验... 详细信息

香椿是我国珍贵的速生用材树种,有中国的"桃花心木"之称。其栽培历史悠久,分布范围很广,从南到北,遍及大半个中国。开展香椿种源试验,研究它的变异情况和规律,无疑在理论上和生产上都有重要意义。现将我们1981年所做的香椿种源苗期试验结果,报告如下:

关键词：种源苗木种子苗高根径繁殖器官 toona sinensis 冻害情况椿属香椿苗期

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Experimental Study on Cultivation of Multi-head Seedlings of toona sinensis in Chongqing

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第12期18卷 2260-2262,2271页

作者：辛静蒋海艳王正春李继晖重庆市林科院渝东南石漠化研究所重庆409600 重庆合创园林工程有限公司重庆4011473 重庆市林业科学研究院重庆400036

Seedlings of toona sinensis were planted in seeding and breeding ways to increase the yield of T. sinensis by raising the number of lateral branches of T. sinensis seedlings by means of cutting and pinching through sowing and breed- ing in containers and sand bed nursery. The results showed that： after cutting and pinching, seedlings with multi-lateral branches could be formed. The cutting treat- ment in the container had a small number of seedlings with over 2 lateral buds, and the lateral buds were weak. Some of the weak lateral buds disappeared with the growth going on, showing poor growth performance. The pinching treatment in the sand bed nursery found a large number of seedlings with more than 2 lateral buds, and the lateral buds could grow into lateral branches, forming the T. sinensis seedlings with multi-lateral branches. Proceed to cutting processing, the secondary and third-level lateral branches came into being, which could make the seedlings of T. sinensis have multi-head tree shape in 2-3 years.

关键词： toona sinensis Oriented cultivation Artificial treatment Multi-lateralbranches

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广西不同种源香椿苗期及造林前期生长性状分析

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林业科技通讯 2023年第4期 110-115页

作者：舒应东蒙兰杨吴远媚潘涛潘永光唐国强南宁市林业科学研究所南宁530107

为了研究广西香椿(toona sinensis)不同种源和家系的苗期及造林前期生长性状,为广西香椿的良种选育做好基础,并为香椿育苗和造林技术提供参考,用马山县、隆安县和德保县等10个种源(33家系)的香椿半同胞种子进行育苗,并用育出的苗木营建... 详细信息

为了研究广西香椿(toona sinensis)不同种源和家系的苗期及造林前期生长性状,为广西香椿的良种选育做好基础,并为香椿育苗和造林技术提供参考,用马山县、隆安县和德保县等10个种源(33家系)的香椿半同胞种子进行育苗,并用育出的苗木营建子代测定林,测定苗期和造林后香椿的胸径(地径)和树高。结果表明:0.5年苗期时,长势较好的种源为隆安县、靖西市和乐业县,长势较好的家系为25、30、12和8;造林1年时,长势较好的种源为乐业县、金城江区和都安县,长势较好的家系为13、15和16;造林2年时,长势较好的种源为武鸣区、都安县、和马山县,长势较好的家系为13、6和31;不同香椿种源及家系造林后胸径和树高增长量存在较大的变幅,造林第2年的胸径增长量和第1年的相似,造林第2年的树高增长量明显比第1年多。可得出结论,都安县、马山县种源以及13家系在造林第1、第2年的生长均表现较好,初步认为是适应南宁市区域的最优种源或家系。

关键词：香椿 toona sinensis 种源及家系苗期子代测定林生长量

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香椿叶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

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林业科技通讯 2020年第10期 44-48页

作者：王米雪圣志存吴萌张继玲陈晓兰江苏农牧科技职业技术学院动物药学院江苏泰州225300

在系统查阅相关文献的基础上,对香椿(toona sinensis)叶的化学成分和药理作用研究进展进行总结,为深入研究和合理利用提供依据。

关键词：香椿叶 toona sinensis 化学成分药理作用

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红木类香椿优树嫁接技术

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林业科技通讯 2024年第12期 101-104页

作者：杨茂李诱理陈荣华何栋福安市林业科技推广中心福建福安355000 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所广州510520 福建省福安市乡村振兴工作服务中心福建福安355000

为解决红木类香椿(toona sinensis)优树嫁接的关键技术,采用正交试验设计,探究不同嫁接方法、砧木高度及嫁接时间等处理及不同水平对香椿优树嫁接苗成活率和生长性状(高度、冠幅和叶片数)的影响,筛选出不同处理水平的最优组合。结果表明... 详细信息

为解决红木类香椿(toona sinensis)优树嫁接的关键技术,采用正交试验设计,探究不同嫁接方法、砧木高度及嫁接时间等处理及不同水平对香椿优树嫁接苗成活率和生长性状(高度、冠幅和叶片数)的影响,筛选出不同处理水平的最优组合。结果表明:嫁接方法、砧木高度及嫁接时间对嫁接成活率的影响效应不同,其大小为嫁接时间>砧木高度>嫁接方法,最优组合为切接法+砧木高度10 cm+3月上旬组合,成活率达到76.62%;3种处理对嫁接生长性状的作用也有所差异,其重要性为嫁接时间>嫁接方法>砧木高度,最优组合为切接法+砧木高度15 cm+3月中旬组合,生长性状指数为30.43;除嫁接时间外其他2种种处理对嫁接成活率和生长性状均无显著影响;切接法+砧木高度10 cm+3月上旬组合的综合评价值最高为0.69,而芽接法+砧木高度10 cm+3月下旬组合最低为0.20,故推荐切接法+砧木高度10 cm+3月上旬的处理作为当地红木类香椿嫁接的最佳技术。

关键词：香椿 toona sinensis 嫁接优树选择种质资源保护

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