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ExtSpecR:An R Package and Tool for Extracting Tree Spectra from UAV-Based Remote Sensing

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第4期5卷 893-904页

作者： Zhuo Liu Mahmoud AI-Sarayreh Cong Xu Federico Tomasetto Yanjie Li State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of Subtropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouZhejiang 311400China Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province Research Institute of Subtropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouZhejiang 311400China Department of Computer Engineering German Jordanian UniversityAmman 11180Jordan School of Forestry University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand AgResearch Ltd. Christchurch 8140New Zealand

The development of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing has been increasingly applied in forestry for high-throughput and rapid acquisition of tree phenomics traits for various research areas.However,the detection of individual trees and the extraction of their spectral data remain a challenge,often requiring manual annotation.Although several software-based solutions have been developed,they are far from being widely adopted.This paper presents ExtSpecR,an open-source Tool for spectral extraction of a single tree in forestry with an easy-to-use interactive web application.ExtSpecR reduces the time required for single tree detection and annotation and simplifies the entire process of spectral and spatial feature extraction from UAV-based imagery.In addition,ExtSpecR provides several functionalities with interactive dashboards that allow users to maximize the quality of information extracted from UAV data.ExtSpecR can promote the practical use of UAV remote sensing data among forest ecology and tree breeding researchers and help them to further understand the relationships between tree growth and its physiological traits.

关键词： interactive Remote Tool

ChatGPT is a Remarkable Tool—For Experts

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 240-296页

作者： Amos Azaria Rina Azoulay Shulamit Reches School of Computer Science Ariel UniversityIsrael Department of Computer Science Jerusalem College of TechnologyIsrael Department of Mathematics Jerusalem College of TechnologyIsrael

This paper investigates the capabilities of ChatGPT as an automated assistant in diverse domains,including scientific writing,mathematics,education,programming,and healthcare.We explore the potential of ChatGPT to enhance productivity,streamline problem-solving processes,and improve writing style.Furthermore,we highlight the potential risks associated with excessive reliance on ChatGPT in these fields.These limitations encompass factors like incorrect and fictitious responses,inaccuracies in code,limited logical reasoning abilities,overconfidence,and critical ethical concerns of copyright and privacy violation.We outline areas and objectives where ChatGPT proves beneficial,applications where it should be used judiciously,and scenarios where its reliability may be limited.In light of observed limitations,and given that the Tool's fundamental errors may pose a special challenge for non-experts,ChatGPT should be used with a strategic methodology.By drawing from comprehensive experimental studies,we offer methods and flowcharts for effectively using ChatGPT.Our recommendations emphasize iterative interaction with ChatGPT and independent verification of its outputs.Considering the importance of utilizing ChatGPT judiciously and with expertise,we recommend its usage for experts who are well-versed in the respective domains.

关键词： limitations utilizing Tool

Nutritional Assessment Tools for Patients with Cancer:A Narrative Review

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 71-80页

作者： Peng-peng WANG Kim Lam Soh Huzwah binti Khazaai Chuan-yi NING Xue-ling HUANG Jia-xiang YU Jin-lian LIAO Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia NursingCollege of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021China Department of Biomedical Sciences Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Department of Nursing The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China

Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment plays a critical role in effectively managing malnutrition in these patients.However,while many Tools exist to assess malnutrition,there is no universally accepted standard.Although different Tools have their own strengths and limitations,there is a lack of narrative reviews on nutritional assessment Tools for cancer patients.To address this knowledge gap,we conducted a non-systematic literature search using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from their inception until May 2023.A total of 90 studies met our selection criteria and were included in our narrative review.We evaluated the applications,strengths,and limitations of 4 commonly used nutritional assessment Tools for cancer patients:the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA),Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA),and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM).Our findings revealed that malnutrition was associated with adverse health outcomes.Each of these 4 Tools has its applications,strengths,and limitations.Our findings provide medical staff with a foundation for choosing the optimal Tool to rapidly and accurately assess malnutrition in cancer patients.It is essential for medical staff to be familiar with these common Tools to ensure effective nutritional management of cancer patients.

关键词： cancer malnutrition nutrition nutritional assessment Tool

Five-axis flank milling Tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第2期33卷 730-739页

作者： Changqing LIU Yingguang LI Xin JIANG Wenyao SHAO College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

In order to ensure machining stability,curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine Tools.For five-axis flank milling,it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because Tool path points and Tool axis vectors interact with each other.In this paper,multiple relationships between Tool path points and Tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine Tools are established,and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints.Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the Tool axis vector,and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling Tool path with smooth cutting force is generated.Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied,vibration during the process of machining is reduced,and the machining quality of the surface is improved.

关键词： Curvature continuity Cutting force Five-axis flank milling Machining Tool path generation

基于网络的上消化道内镜SAFE-T工具:实时评估胃肠专科医生内镜培训效果

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第6期8卷 431-436,I0001,I0002页

作者： Navin L.Kumar Guillaume Kugener Kelly E.Hathorn Molly L.Perencevich Kunal Jajoo John R.Saltzman Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndoscopyBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMAUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMAUSA Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMAUSA

背景:导师评估是胃肠专科医生内镜培训的一个关键部分。本研究旨在建立和验证一个简明的、基于网络的上消化道内镜培训效果实时评估工具。方法:我们建立了针对上消化道内镜的专科医生内镜培训技能评估(SAFE-T)工具,在一个5部分的问卷中... 详细信息

背景:导师评估是胃肠专科医生内镜培训的一个关键部分。本研究旨在建立和验证一个简明的、基于网络的上消化道内镜培训效果实时评估工具。方法:我们建立了针对上消化道内镜的专科医生内镜培训技能评估(SAFE-T)工具,在一个5部分的问卷中获取总结性和格式化的反馈。该工具与既往已获验证的结肠镜SAFE-T相似,是基于网络开展应用的。我们应用该工具对2018-2019学年的15名胃肠专科医生(培训期1、2、3年各5名)。为确保评估的可靠性,由一名独立评审人对不同的上消化道内镜操作技术进行评估,完成SAFE-T和内镜能力评估(ACE)两份量表。结果:20名高年资医生在研究期间对15名专科医生进行了413次SAFE-T评估。不同培训学年的专科医生平均SAFE-T评分存在显著差异,第一学年医生的评分低于第二学年(3.31 vs 4.25,P<0.001),第二学年低于第三学年(4.25 vs 4.56,P<0.001)。随着内镜操作难度的增加,平均SAFE-T评分下降,简单操作的评分高于中等操作(3.98 vs 3.39,P<0.001),中等操作高于困难操作(3.39 vs 2.84,P=0.042)。导师与独立评审人同时观察评估一项内镜操作,其SAFE-T评分一致性良好(Kappa=0.815,P=0.001)。SAFE-T评分与ACE评分高度相关(r=0.76,P=0.011)。结论:我们建立并验证了SAFE-T这种简明的、基于网络的工具,用以实时评估胃肠专科医生上消化道内镜培训效果的有效性。

关键词： endoscopy education assessment Tool fellowship trainee

Capacities and Functionalities Assessment of Veterinary Laboratories in South-west Nigeria Using the FAO Laboratory Mapping Tool

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期33卷 458-463页

作者： Adebowale Oluwawemimo Dipeolu Saheed Oduguwa Adebankemo Fasanmi Gabriel Olubunmi Folorunso Fasinas Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Federal University of AgricultureAlabataAbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology Federal College of Animal Health and Production TechnologyIbadanOyo StateNigeria Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases University of PretoriaSouth Africa

Laboratories play significant roles in all the critical processes of detecting rapid infectious disease outbreaks,risk assessments,early warnings,early responses and notifications,and monitoring and surveillance[1,2].Veterinary Laboratories(VLs)that rapidly identify,respond to and control rapidly spreading and emerging(or re-emerging)infectious and zoonotic diseases is critical to:(1)the financial performance of animal agriculture and international trade;(2)livelihoods of animal related industries;and(3)nutritional status,food security,and the socio-economic well-being of a country[3].

关键词： FAO Mapping Tool

Effect of Tool rotational speed on the particle distribution in friction stir welding of AA6092/17.5 SiCp-T6 composite plates and its consequences on the mechanical property of the joint

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第2期16卷 381-391页

作者： Uttam Acharya Barnik Saha Roy Subhash Chandra Saha Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology AgartalaBarjalaJiraniaWest Tripura799046India

This study investigates the effect of Tool rotational speed(TRS)on particle distribution in nugget zone(NZ)through quantitative approach and its consequences on the mechanical property of friction stir welded joints of AA6092/17.5 SiCp-T6 composite.6 mm thick plates are welded at a constant Tool tilt angle of 2°and Tool traverse speed of 1 mm/s by varying the TRS at 1000 rpm,1500 rpm and 2000 rpm with a taper pin profiled Tool.Microstructure analysis shows large quantity of uniformly shaped smaller size SiC particle with lower average particle area which are homogeneously distributed in the NZ.The fragmentation of bigger size particles has been observed because of abrading action of the hard Tool and resulting shearing effect and severe stress generation due to the rotation of Tool.The particles occupy maximum area in the matrix compared to that of the base material(BM)due to the redistribution of broken particles as an effect of TRS.The migration of particles towards the TMAZ-NZ transition zone has been also encountered at higher TRS(2000 rpm).The microhardness analysis depicts variation in average hardness from top to bottom of the NZ,minimum for 1500 rpm and maximum for 2000 rpm.The impact strength at 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm remains close to that of BM(21.6 J)while 2000 rpm shows the accountable reduction.The maximum joint efficiency has been achieved at 1500 rpm(84%)and minimum at 1000 rpm(68%)under tensile loading.Fractographic analysis shows mixed mode of failure for BM,1000 rpm and 1500 rpm,whereas 2000 rpm shows the brittle mode of failure.

关键词： Friction stir welding Aluminium matrix composite Tool rotational speed Particle distribution Mechanical property

Intrinsic feature extraction using discriminant diffusion mapping analysis for automated Tool wear evaluation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第11期19卷 1352-1361页

作者： Yi-xiang HUANG Xiao LIU Cheng-liang LIU Yan-ming LI State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer Shanghai 200245China

We present a method of discriminant diffusion maps analysis(DDMA) for evaluating Tool wear during milling processes. As a dimensionality reduction technique, the DDMA method is used to fuse and reduce the original features extracted from both the time and frequency domains, by preserving the diffusion distances within the intrinsic feature space and coupling the features to a discriminant kernel to refine the information from the high-dimensional feature space. The proposed DDMA method consists of three main steps:(1) signal processing and feature extraction;(2) intrinsic dimensionality estimation;(3) feature fusion implementation through feature space mapping with diffusion distance preservation. DDMA has been applied to current signals measured from the spindle in a machine center during a milling experiment to evaluate the Tool wear status. Compared with the popular principle component analysis method, DDMA can better preserve the useful intrinsic information related to Tool wear status. Thus, two important aspects are highlighted in this study: the benefits of the significantly lower dimension of the intrinsic features that are sensitive to Tool wear, and the convenient availability of current signals in most industrial machine centers.

关键词： Tool condition monitoring Manifold learning Dimensionality reduction Diffusion mapping analysis Intrinsic feature extraction

Investigation on Tool wear and Tool life prediction in micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2018年第4期1卷 218-225页

作者： Amin Dadgari Dehong Huo David Swailes Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK School of Mathematics Statistics and Physics Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK

Short Tool life and rapid Tool wear in micromachining of hard-to-machine materials remain a barrier to the process being economically viable. In this study, standard procedures and conditions set by the ISO for Tool life testing in milling were used to analyze the wear of tungsten carbide micro-end-milling Tools through slot milling conducted on titanium alloy Ti-6 Al-4 V. Tool wear was characterized by flank wear rate,cutting-edge radius change, and Tool volumetric change. The effect of machining parameters, such as cutting speed and feedrate, on Tool wear was investigated with reference to surface roughness and geometric accuracy of the finished workpiece. Experimental data indicate different modes of Tool wear throughout machining, where nonuniform flank wear and abrasive wear are the dominant wear modes. High cutting speed and low feedrate can reduce the Tool wear rate and improve the Tool life during micromachining.However, the low feedrate enhances the plowing effect on the cutting zone, resulting in reduced surface quality and leading to burr formation and premature Tool failure. This study concludes with a proposal of Tool rejection criteria for micro-milling of Ti-6 Al-4 V.

关键词： micro-milling Tool wear Tool life flank wear titanium alloy surface roughness