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tongue diagnosis based on hue-saturation value color space: controlled study of tongue appearance in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease

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Intelligent Medicine 2023年第4期3卷 252-257页

作者： Yumo Xia Qingsheng Wang Xiao Feng Xin’ang Xiao Yiqin Wang Zhaoxia Xu Basic Medical College Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

Objective To analyze the characteristics of tongue imaging color parameters in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and non-PCI for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD),and to observethe effects of PCI on the tongue images of patients as a basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patientswith *** This study used a retrospective cross-sectional survey to analyze tongue photographs and medicalhistory information from 204 patients with CHD between November 2018 and July *** images ofeach subject were obtained using the Z-BOX Series traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)intelligent diagnosisinstruments,the SMX System 2.0 was used to transform the image data into parameters in the HSV color space,and finally the parameters of the tongue image between patients in the PCI-treated and non-PCI-treated groupsfor CHD were *** Among the 204 patients,112 were in the non-PCI treatment group(38 men and 74 women;average age of(68.76±9.49)years),92 were in the PCI treatment group(66 men and 26 women;average age of(66.02±10.22)years).In the PCI treatment group,the H values of the middle and tip of the tongue and the overall coating of thetongue were lower(Ptongue,the whole tongueand the overall coating of the tongue were higher(Ptongue image could reflect the physical state of patients treated withPCI,which may provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with CHD.

关键词： Objective evaluation tongue diagnosis Coronary heart disease Percutaneous coronary intervention Hue-saturation value color space Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes

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Advances in tongue diagnosis Objectification of Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Instrumentation 2023年第1期10卷 1-16页

作者： ZHANG Zhidong ZHU Xiaolong CAO Xiyuan LI Bo ZANG Junbin GUO Dong MEN Jiuzhang XUE Chenyang Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051 School of Software North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051 College of Basic Medical Science Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineTaiyuan 030051

tongue diagnosis is a non-invasive,efficient,and accurate method for determining a person’s physical condition,and plays an essential role in disease diagnosis and health ***,tongue diagnosis is easily influenced by the subjective experience of the practitioner and the light *** addition,tongue diagnosis lacks clear quantitative indicators and objective *** all limits the transmission and development of tongue ***,the acquisition and analysis of tongue information using image equipment,image processing and computer vision have become a hot research topic for the objectification of tongue *** paper reviews the research progress of tongue diagnosis objectification in Traditional Chinese *** tongue image acquisition,color correction,segmentation,feature extraction and analysis,and disease prediction included in the study of tongue diagnosis objectification are *** shortcomings of current automated tongue diagnosis systems and future research ideas are also summarized to provide a reference for further development of tongue diagnosis objectification.

关键词： tongue diagnosis tongue diagnosis Objectification Image Processing Automated tongue diagnosis Systems

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Boym’s "De Indiciis Morborum ex Linguae Coloribus et Affectionibus" : The Earliest Chinese tongue diagnosis Manual Published in Europe, Identification of Original Chinese Text, Peculiarities of Printed Edition and Its Impact on European Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第5期27卷 379-383页

作者： Solos Ioannis Helioti Maria HONG Mei LIANG Yuan Foundation for PIHMA Research and Education Phoenix AZPhoenix AZUSA Phoenix Institute of Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Phoenix AZPhoenix AZUSA Institute of Chinese Medical History and Literature China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Institute of Basic Theory in Chinese Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China

Upon his untimely death,Michal Boym(1612–1659)left behind an enormous written legacy;covering a diverse range of interests in fields such as Chinese linguistics,cartography,botany,zoology,philosophy and *** article attempts to examine Boym’s De indiciis morborum ex linguae coloribus&affectionibus(The signs of disease on the tongue,colors and affections),a translation of a previously unidentified Chinese *** text specifically deals with the subject of tongue diagnosis,in relation to contagious diseases that were still raging in the17 th century *** to China at the end of the Ming Dynasty(1368–1644),Boym was able to personally witness the early development of tongue examination as an independent specialty;he recognized its significance and tried to incorporate it into his ultimately unfinished Chinese medical ***’s work eventually facilitated the assimilation of tongue observation in European medicine during the 19 th century.

关键词： Michal Boym tongue diagnosis Chinese medicine Jesuit mission

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A historical evaluation of Chinese tongue diagnosis in the treatment of septicemic plague in the pre-antibiotic era, and as a new direction for revolutionary clinical research applications

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期16卷 141-146页

作者： Ioannis Solos Yuan Liang Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Guangzhou Zhongxing Sports Trauma Hospital Institute of Basic Theory in Chinese Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

Chinese tongue diagnosis was initially developed to quickly and efficiently diagnose and prescribe medicine, while at the same time allowing the doctor to have minimal contact with the patient. At the time of its compiling, the spread of Yersinia pestis, often causing septicaemia and gangrene of the extremities,may have discouraged doctors to come in direct contact with their patients and take the ***, in recent decades, modern developments in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as the spread of antibiotics in conjunction with the advancements of microbiology, have overshadowed the original purpose of this methodology. Nevertheless, the fast approaching post-antibiotic era and the development of artificial intelligence may hold new applications for tongue diagnosis. This article focuses on the historical development of what is the world＇s earliest tongue diagnosis monograph, and discusses the directions that such knowledge may be used in future clinical research.

关键词： tongue diagnosis Chinese medicine Yersinia pestis Literature research

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Application of artificial intelligence in tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine:A review

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TMR Modern Herbal Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 52-75页

作者： Zhao Chen Xiaoyu Zhang Ruijin Qiu Yang Sun Rui Zheng Haie Pan Yin Jiang Changming Zhong Chen Zhao Guihua Tian Hongcai Shang Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China.

tongue diagnosis is an important process to non-invasively assess the condition of a patient’s internal organs in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and each part of the tongue is related to corresponding internal *** to continuing computer technological advances,especially the artificial intelligence(AI)methods have achieved significant success in tackling tongue image acquisition,processing,and classification,novel AI methods are being introduced in traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis medical *** tongue diagnose depends on observations of tongue characteristics,such as color,shape,texture,moisture,*** traditional Chinese medicine *** appearance of the tongue color,texture and coating reflects the improvement or deterioration of patient’s ***,AI can now distinguish patient’s condition through tongue images,texture or coating,which is all possible increasingly with help from traditional Chinese medicine physicians under the traditional Chinese medicine tongue *** has enabled humans to do what was previously unimagined:traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis with feeding a large amount of tongue image and tongue texture/coating data to train the AI *** review focuses on the research advances of AI in TCM tongue diagnosis thus far to identify the major scientific methods and *** this article,we tried to review the AI application in resolving the tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine on color correction,tongue image extraction,tongue texture/coating segmentation.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis Machine learning Deep learning,Color model tongue segmentation tongue image extraction

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Noninvasive Diagnostic Technique for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Features of tongue Images

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 203-212页

作者： WANG Rong-rui CHEN Jia-liang DUAN Shao-jie LU Ying-xi CHEN Ping ZHOU Yuan-chen YAO Shu-kun Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing100029China Department of Gastroenterology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China Center of Integrative Medicine Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100015China Nanjing Linkwah Micro-electronics Institute Beijing100191China Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine Beijing100029China

Objective:To investigate a new noninvasive diagnostic model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) based on features of tongue ***:Healthy controls and volunteers confirmed to have NAFLD by liver ultrasound were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between September 2018 and May 2019,then the anthropometric indexes and sampled tongue images were *** tongue images were labeled by features,based on a brief protocol,without knowing any other clinical data,after a series of corrections and data *** algorithm was trained on images using labels and several anthropometric indexes for inputs,utilizing machine learning ***,a logistic regression algorithm and a decision tree model were constructed as 2 diagnostic models for ***:A total of 720 subjects were enrolled in this study,including 432 patients with NAFLD and 288 healthy *** them,482 were randomly allocated into the training set and 238 into the validation *** diagnostic model based on logistic regression exhibited excellent performance:in validation set,it achieved an accuracy of 86.98%,sensitivity of 91.43%,and specificity of 80.61%;with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.93 [95% confidence interval(CI) 0.68–0.98].The decision tree model achieved an accuracy of 81.09%,sensitivity of 91.43%,and specificity of 66.33%;with an AUC of 0.89(95% CI 0.66–0.92) in validation ***:The features of tongue images were associated with *** the 2 diagnostic models,which would be convenient,noninvasive,lightweight,rapid,and inexpensive technical references for early screening,can accurately distinguish NAFLD and are worth further study.

关键词： nonalcoholic fatty liver disease noninvasive diagnosis tongue image tongue diagnosis Chinese medicine machine learning

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Dark red tongue color formation caused by hyperglycemia is attributed to decreased blood flow of tongue tissue partially due to nuclear factor-kappa B pathway activation

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2023年第6期43卷 1118-1125页

作者： JIN Shenyi LIU Yahua HAN Xu CAI Mengjie XU Jiatuo LU Hao CHEN Qingguang Department of Endocrinology Diabetes InstituteShuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Basic Medical College Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the dark red tongue color formation induced by ***:A high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were used to establish a diabetes *** color and blood flow of tongues were analyzed by the tongue diagnosis Analysis System and laser Doppler flowmetry,*** factors and adhesion factors were measured in the circulation and tongue tissue by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** blotting was employed to evaluate nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)p50 and inhibitor of kappa B kinase protein expression levels in the ***,the NF-κB inhibitor,pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid ammonium salt was utilized to repress NF-κB pathway activation to validate that the NF-κB pathway plays a key role in blood flow and dark red tongue color ***:The diabetic rats displayed a dark red tongue color that was accompanied by NF-κB pathway activation and decreased blood flow in the *** effects could be reversed by the NF-κB ***:Our investigation demonstrated that hyperglycemia led to dark red tongue color formation by decreasing blood flow in the tongue,which was partly due to NF-κB pathway activation.

关键词： tongue diagnosis type 2 diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia NF-kappa B blood circulation

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Pathological Change of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Different tongue Coatings by Circular Multi-omics Integrated Analysis

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第1期28卷 28-35页

作者： TANG Yi-shuang GUO Jian-chun XU Lin ZHANG Xiao-na SHEN Xiao-ping HAI Ya-mei MAO Yu-feng HU Yi-yang ZHAO Yu Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai(201203)China Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hangzhou Xixi HospitalHangzhou(310023)China National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai Shanghai(201203)China Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai(201203)China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine Shanghai(201203)China

Objective:To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients according to the tongue ***:Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating(WTC)or yellow tongue coating(YTC)were enrolled and 14 healthy volunteers with normal tongue manifestation served as *** mRNA expression of peripheral leukocytes was detected by GeneChips,and 9 genes were randomly selected for expression *** metabolites were detected by gas chromatographymass *** information was analyzed based on ingenuity pathways analysis or metabolomics database and the integrated networks were constructed by ***:A total of 945 and 716 differentially expressed genes were found in patients with WTC and YTC relative to healthy volunteers *** biological information analysis indicated that CHB patients had obviously increased functions in cell death,apoptosis and necrosis(Z-score 2,Ptongue *** to patients with WTC,the YTC patients were predicted to be more active in functions related to virus replication(Z-score 2,Ptongue diagnosis theory and provide a reference for the interpretation of pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment.

关键词： Chinese medicine chronic hepatitis B tongue diagnosis metabolomics transcriptomic

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Fusion Based tongue Color Image Analysis Model for Biomedical Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5477-5490页

作者： Esam A.AlQaralleh Halah Nassif Bassam A.Y.Alqaralleh School of Engineering Princess Sumaya University for TechnologyAmman11941Jordan Management Information Systems Department College of Business AdministrationUniversity of Business and TechnologyJeddah21448Saudi Arabia

tongue diagnosis is a novel and non-invasive approach commonly employed to carry out the supplementary diagnosis over the ***,several deep learning(DL)based tongue color image analysis models have existed in the literature for the effective detection of *** paper presents a fusion of handcrafted with deep features based tongue color image analysis(FHDF-TCIA)technique to biomedical *** proposed FDHF-TCIA technique aims to investigate the tongue images using fusion model,and thereby determines the existence of ***,the FHDF-TCIA technique comprises Gaussian filtering based preprocessing to eradicate the *** proposed FHDF-TCIA model encompasses a fusion of handcrafted local binary patterns(LBP)withMobileNet based deep features for the generation of optimal feature *** addition,the political optimizer based quantum neural network(PO-QNN)based classification technique has been utilized for determining the proper class labels for it.A detailed simulation outcomes analysis of the FHDF-TCIA technique reported the higher accuracy of 0.992.

关键词： tongue color image tongue diagnosis biomedical healthcare deep learning metaheuristics

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Effect of Salivary Antimicrobial Factors on Microbial Composition of tongue Coating in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease with Phlegm-Stasis Syndrome

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期8卷 123-130页

作者： Juan Ye Ke-Lei Su Yue-Hua Xu Yang Yang Qian Zhou Wei Gao Xue-Ting Cai Qing-Yun Wei Meng Cao Peng Cao Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Department of Pharmacology School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023 Institute of Comparative Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product SafetyThe Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

Objective: Phlegm-stasis syndrome is one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes and found in 59% of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) in routine TCM clinical practice in China. One of the diagnostic criteria of phlegm-stasis syndrome is its characteristic white-greasy and thin tongue coating. We have previously reported that different types of tongue coating have different microbiome characteristics that can be used as diagnostic markers. However, the microbial characteristics of tongue coating of CHD patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome, including coating feature and underlying reason of formation, have rarely been reported. Herein, we examined the characteristic microbiome of tongue coating, and discussed the cause of tongue coating formation via salivary proteins in patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome. Methods: We examined white-greasy and thin tongue coatings obtained from 10 patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome(n = 10), and compared with those of patients with almost no coating – patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome(n = 10) – and healthy controls(n = 10). 16S r RNA sequencing of tongue coating microbiome and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(i TRAQ)-based quantitative analysis of salivary proteins were used to detect tongue coating and salivary protein separately. Salivary levels of s Ig A, lysozyme, and amylase were detected by ELISA. Results: We identified Candidatus_Saccharimonas and Candidate_division_TM7_norank as the prominent members of tongue coating in patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome. Salivary proteins involved in biological processes, pentose phosphate pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades were among the differentially expressed proteins identified in patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome on i TRAQ analysis. Moreover, the formation of microbiota in tongue coating was associated with salivary s Ig A, lysozyme, and saliva flow rate. Conclusions: We ex

关键词： Coronary heart disease oral microbiome salivary proteins traditional Chinese medicine syndrome tongue diagnosis

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