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toilet habits in kindergarten children in a kindergarten in Hanoi

Health 2013年第11期5卷 1760-1767页

作者： Thi Kim Anh Nguyen Susan JVernon Ann Bengtson Anna-Lena Hellstrom Bach Mai Hospital HanoiVietnam Hanoi Medical University HanoiVietnam Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Clinical Medical Sciences Great North Children’s HospitalNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital GothenburgSweden

Objective: Describe children’s toilet habits in a kindergarten setting. Subjects: Forty-one children aged 4-5 years, parents and six teachers participated. Method: Open-ended interviews and observations. Results: In school children avoided going to toilet, this could cause incontinence. Related Factors: Inadequate toilet standards and differing cleaning routines as at home. Children were uncomfortable and shy using the toilet, and some children seemed to prefer playing and school work instead of going to the toilet during breaks. Conclusion: Children of 4-5 years of age are sometimes not able to control their bladder and bowel habits in an environment differing to home.

关键词： Children toilet habits Interviews Observations

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Satisfying toilet Needs in Pre-School —Experiences of 5 - 6 Years Old

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Health 2016年第15期8卷 1687-1696页

作者： Barbro Lundblad Renée Johansson Helena Wigert Anna-Lena Hellström The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University Institute of Health and Care Sciences Gothenburg Sweden Center of Clinical Education in Family Medicine Gothenburg Sweden Division of Neonatology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden The Gothenburg University Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC) Gothenburg Sweden

Background: It is known that, for reasons of hygiene and/or anxiety, some first year primary school children actively choose to avoid going to the toilet whilst at school, while at the same time many young children’s primary care visits are due to urinary tract and bowel problems. By this age most children can recognise the bodily signals indicating the need for a toilet visit, and can independently perform the associated routines. Aim of this study was to describe the experience of healthy 5 to 6 years old when needing and using toilets whilst at pre-school. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. Seventeen children aged 5 to 6 years were interviewed. Results: Nearly all used the toilet when the need arose, but there were times during the day when their freedom to use the toilet was restricted. Most children experienced periods of waiting outside the toilet and a long wait could result in a decision to not use it. On those occasions when help was needed, it was usually necessary to shout once or more in order to attract the teacher’s attention. Some children found the toilets clean and fresh while others found them dirty and smelly. Privacy during toilet visits was desirable among the children but queue outside the toilet was a cause of worry. Conclusion: The children were mostly able to use the toilet whilst at preschool, despite the challenges to their senses and integrity and occasionally issues with the teacher’s rules. The need for privacy often had to yield to the teacher’s need to control the children or even because toilet doors and/or locks were not adapted to the children’s requirements.

关键词： Children Pre-School Integrity Safety toilet habits

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