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Genetic Variation among various populations of spadefoot toads (<i>Pelobates syriacus</i>, Boettger, 1869) at breeding sites in northern Israel

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第5期3卷 440-447页

作者： Gad Degani School of Science and Technology Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel

A genetic study was carried out on spadefoot toads (Pelobates syriacus) from habitats of various locations and altitudes in northern Israel. Cytochrome b and 12S were amplified by PCR for the analysis of genetic variation based on five DNA polymorphisms and for RAPD PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA fragments were determined from a 460 bp clone of cytochrome b and a 380 bp clone of 12S (GenBank accession numbers, FJ595199-FJ59-5203). No genetic variation was found among the populations with regard to 12S. According to the analysis of five sequences using Arlequin software, there was a high gene identity among the populations (98.7%-99.6%). Both populations, Elrom Pond breeding site, at the highest altitude and Fara Pond, at the lowest, had the lowest identities as compared to other populations. The DNA variation among P. syri-acus populations from various breeding sites, according to band sharing (BS), when using the OP-4 primer, was 0.92-1.00. Similarity was low between the population of Elrom Pond and the populations of Kash Pond, Raihania Pond and Sasa Pond (0.92 BS), as well as between the population of Fara Pond at the lowest altitude, and the populations of Kash Pond, Raihania Pond and Sasa Pond (0.92 BS). Similar results were obtained when comparing the results obtained using primer OPA-3. The lowest similarity was found between populations of the highest altitude (Elrom Pond) and lowest altitude (Fara Pond), relative to the other ponds (Kash Pond, Raihania Pond and Sasa Pond) with a BS of 0.93.

关键词： Spadefoot toads Pelobates syriacus Cytochrome b 12S DNA Fragments

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Study of Blood Parasites in Mabuya sp Lizards and Buforegularis toads in Jebel Awlia and Tuti Island of Khartoum, Sudan

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2015年第1期5卷 86-90页

作者： Mukhtar Hassan Sara A. K. Saeed Omran F. Osman Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of Khartoum Khartoum 13311 Sudan Natural History Museum Faculty of Science University of Khartoum Khartoum 13311 Sudan

toads and lizards have been a part of our ecosystems for millions of years and they are good indicators of environmental health. toads and lizards can be infected by different types of parasites; blood parasites are one of the most important parasites. The present study was conducted to survey and identify different blood parasites in Mabuya sp. lizard and Buforegularis toad in two locations in Khartoum state. Fifteen samples of Mabuya sp and fifteen samples of Buforegularis were collected. All toads and lizards were dissected and tissue from spleen and liver were examined. The microscopic diagnosis detected Sauroleishmania and Haemogregarina spp parasites in both Mabuya and B. regularis while Microfilariae spp was detected in Mabuya sp. Trypanosoma spp was detected in only one specimen of B. regularis. The results also indicated Sauroleishmania parasites and Haemogregarina spp parasites in the sampled toads and lizards in the two locations. The study of blood parasites and their effects in diversity and health of toads and lizards is necessary to determine the impacts of infections in these animals and the use of the results as indicator of hemoparasites in the environmental as well as the food chain.

关键词： Blood Parasites toads Lizards Sudan.

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RECIPROCALLY TOPOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS BETWEEN THE OPTIC TECTUM AND NUCLEUS ISTHMI IN THE TOAD

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1983年第1期28卷 139-140页

作者：王荫亭颜坤王书荣 Institute of Biophysics Academia Sinica Beijing

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