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tithonia diversifoliaMulch Stimulates the Growth of Plantain PIF Seedlings and Induces a Less Susceptibility to Mycosphaerella fijiensisin the Nursery

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 672-692页

作者： Arouna Meshuneke Cécile Annie Ewané Robinson Nembot Tatsegouock Thaddée Boudjeko Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Plant Valorization Biotechnology Centre University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Plantain is an important crop that serves as a staple food and contributes significantly to income generation for millions of people in tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. Its cultivation faces the main constraint of seedlings unavailability in quantity and quality, essential for the creation of new plantations. The advent and popularization of the plantlets from stem bits (PIF) in the 2000s raised hopes for solving this problem. However, after about ten years, the PIF has shown some problems limiting its adoption and should be improved for more efficiency. The amendment of PIF substrate production with tithonia diversifolia could be an alternative to seedlings’ unavailability. This study aims to evaluate the potential stimulative effect of T. diversifolia mulch on plantain PIF seedlings growth and protection against black Sigatoka disease (BSD)caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis. The parameters of vegetative growth stages and biomarkers accumulation were assessed in sterilized substrate and non-sterilized substrate conditions. T. diversifolia mulch treatment increases the germination rate, the number of shoots, the height and the diameter of shoots, the leaf area as well as the seedlings roots, but it also protects the seedlings against BSD up to about 81% compared to the control seedlings. It also enhances the accumulation of biomarkers such as proteins, polyphenols content and defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and glucanase). T. diversifolia mulch seems to act in PIF seedlings production as a vital stimulator. It can therefore be taken as a tool for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture, and for poverty alleviation of poor small holder farmers.

关键词： Plantain PIF Seedlings Mulch tithonia diversifolia Mycosphaerella fijiensis Vital Stimulator

Plantain Bananas PIF Seedlings Treatment with Liquid Extracts of tithonia diversifoliaInduces Resistance to Black Sigatoka Disease

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 653-671页

作者： Robinson Nembot Tatsegouock Cécile Annie Ewané Arouna Meshuneke Thaddée Boudjeko Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Plant Valorization Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé 1 Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Plantain bananas culture encounters the problems of seedlings quantity and quality unavailability. Black Sigatoka Disease (BSD) is one of the main pathological constraints of banana that can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to the losses of production of about 50% in banana plantation. The use of liquid extracts of tithonia diversifolia could potentially induced the resistance of the PIF seedlings to BSD during the vegetative stages in the nursery. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of tithonia diversifolia liquid extracts against the development of BSD on the PIF plantain bananas seedlings. The explants in the greenhouse and the seedlings in the shade were watered with liquid extracts of T. diversifolia during the process of PIF seedling production in sterile and non-sterile conditions. The treated seedlings show a more effective enhancement of seedlings quality parameters and also induce resistance against BSD. The vegetative stages parameters (the number of shoots, the diameter and the height of shoots, the foliar area, the length and weight roots) were improved in treated seedlings compared to controls ones. The treated seedlings showed maximum protection against BSD of up to 87% compared to controls. They also exhibited an increase in the accumulation of total proteins and total phenolics, as well as the activity of defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and glucanase). The treatment seems to acts as a vital stimulator and could therefore be a useful tool for small holder farmers favouring an eco-friendly agriculture using fewer synthetic inputs.

关键词： Plantain Banana PIF Seedlings tithonia diversifolia Black Sigatoka Disease Induced Resistance Vital Stimulator

Integrated Soil Fertility Management: Impact of Mucunaand tithoniaBiomass on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumL.) Performance in Smallholder Farming Systems

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第10期6卷 1176-1186页

作者： Christopher Ngosong Priscilla M. Mfombep Akeme C. Njume Aaron S. Tening Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Agriculture Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College Kumba University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Many views, paradigms and concepts have been advocated in recent decades on soil fertility and soil conservation across the globe in order to provide sustainable solutions to the rising food and nutrition insecurity while preserving the natural resource base. Meanwhile, food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is mainly achieved through smallholder farming systems that are characterized by poor and declining soil fertility, which often leads to low crop yields and low income. Hence, a field trial was established to evaluate the impact of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices on tomato yield and the farm-scale income in smallholder farming systems. The ISFM trial comprised a control with no input, mineral fertilizer, and organic treatments comprising sole Mucuna and tithonia biomasses as well as their combination (Mucuna + tithonia). Generally, tomato performance was better with organic plant biomass amendments, with significantly higher (P Mucuna + tithonia and sole tithonia, followed by sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer compared to the control. Meanwhile in comparison to the control, Mucuna + tithonia and sole tithonia recorded 3.5 and 3.4 t ha-1 more yield, respectively, which was about twice the additional yield for sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer with 1.8 and 1.5 t ha-1, respectively (Tukey’s HSD, P Mucuna + tithonia and sole tithonia, followed by sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer, as compared to the control (Tukey’s HSD, P P P Mucuna + tithonia biomass materials or their sole applications as basal mulch to improve tomato production. Thus, these organic amendments could be an alternative and sustainable integrated soil fertility management strategy to boost tomato production and farm-scale income without jeopardizing the sustainability of the environment. However, this requires more efforts to adapt the different ISFM techniques to the specific needs of smallholder farmers, coupled with effective dissemination strategies that

关键词： Integrated Soil Fertility Management Mucuna tithonia Mineral Fertilizer Tomato

Does Soil under Natural tithonia diversifolia Vegetation Inhibit Seed Germination of Weed Species?

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 2165-2173页

作者： Gabriel Olulakin Adesina Department of Crop and Environmental Protection Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Pot experiment was carried out in the screen house, Ladoke Akintola University Technology Ogbomosho, Nigeria to determine the possible impact of tithonia diversifolia on the growth of thirteen selected weed species weeds growing in its surroundings. The study consisted of two treatments (tithonia diversifolia infested and Non-tithonia diversifolia infested soils) and from the two media, the growth of A. hispidium, B. pilosa E. heterophylla, P. maximum and P. polystachion was significantly affected in soil infested by T. diversifolia. The number of weed seedling emergence afore mentioned was significantly lower than what was obtained in soil not infested with T. diversifolia and this accounted for about 38% of the tested weed species. Germination of four of these weeds species (23%) (A. spinosus, C. viscosa, T. procumbens and D. gayana) was enhanced by the presence of T. diversifolia. The study further revealed that weed counts in T. diversifolia infested soil is significantly lower than the ones in soil without T. diversifolia infestation. Likewise, the vegetative growth of some species (A. spinosus, C. viscosa, T. procumbens and D. gayana) was improved in this soil. This shows that T. diversifolia infested soil contains allelochemicals that performed both stimulatory and inhibitory functions.

关键词： tithonia diversifolia Allelopathy Allelochemical Asteraceae

Liming and Fertilizer Potentials of Some Underutilized Plant Materials in Southwestern Nigeria

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2017年第3期24卷 19-29页

作者： Oyeyiola Yetunde Bunmi Ewetola Esther Abosede Olatunji Olayinka Olakunle Ayanleke Abraham Department of Crop Production and Soil Science Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Oyo State 234 Nigeria

Soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency are a major constraint to crop production in tropical soils. Use of conventional liming materials is associated with some limitations viz： inability to solely improve nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils, loss of soil organic carbon and soil aggregate stability. Liming and fertilizer potentials of leaves from three plant materials （tithonia diversifolia （TL）, Imperata cylindrica （SG） and Gliricidia sepium （GL）） widely growing in Ogbomoso, southwest Nigeria, were tested under incubation condition. Each of the plant material was applied *** rate of 10 t·hm-2 with and without 50% concentration of NPK 15 ： 15 ： 15-urea mix in 500 g acidic soiL Sole lime applied at 1 t·hm-2, sole NPK 15 ： 15 ： 15 applied at 60 kg·hm2 mixed with urea at 60 kg N· hm2 and an unamended soil were compared in completely randomized design in three replicates. The treated soils were incubated for 12 weeks. Thereafter, maize seeds were raised in each pot for a period of 3 weeks. Data coUected were subjected to analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to predict contributions of increased soil pH in plant material treated soils to exchangeable A1, H, dry root weight of maize and available phosphorus. Results indicated that sole plant materials were the order SG〉TL〉GL significantly （P〈0.05） reduced exchangeable acidity compared to unamended and sole NPK. Sole NPK had the highest exchangeable acidity （4.7 cmol·kg-1） compared to unamended soil （3.3 cmol·kg-1） and sole lime （2.7 cmol·kg-1）. Application of sole tithonia diversifolia increased available phosphorus by 214% and 97% compared to unamended and sole NPK treated soils respectively. Sole plant materials increased maize root weight by 33% compared to sole NPK. Increasing soil pH at harvesting in plant material treated soils significantly reduced exchangeable H and A1. Soil pH was responsible for up to 33% and 53% reductions in exchangeable Al and H, respectively. This culminated int

关键词： exchangeable acidity Gliricidia sepium liming soil acidity tithonia