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Antimicrobial resistance Patterns and Bovine Sub-Clinical Mastitis Burden in Low and High tick Acaricide resistance Regions of Uganda

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2022年第8期12卷 71-87页

作者： Joseph Byaruhanga Yvette Ssebunya Patrick Vudriko Innocent B. Rwego Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control (RTC) Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinics and Comparative Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Division of Veterinary Regulation and Inspection Department of Animal Health Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries Entebbe Uganda One Health Division Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Saint Paul USA Department of Biosecurity Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB) Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in both regions, subclinical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, bacteria isolated and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from both regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%;LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%;LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptible nor resistant) to antibiotics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antibiotic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antibiotics, especially in the HARA region, which may possibly jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Sub Clinical Mastitis tick resistance

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Review:Importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第11期7卷 912-921页

作者： RAJPUT Zahid Iqbal HU Song-hua CHEN Wan-jun ARIJO Abdullah G XIAO Chen-wen Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Department of Parasitology Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam 70060 Pakistan

The medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. Loss of blood is a direct effect of ticks acting as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. Blood sucking by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight and anemia among domestic animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of hides. However, major losses caused by ticks are due to their ability to transmit protozoan, rickettsial and viral diseases of live-stock, which are of great economic importance world-wide. There are quite a few methods for controlling ticks, but every method has certain shortcomings. The present review is focused on ticks importance and their control.

关键词： tick tick fever tick control Livestock Ecto-parasites tick resistance

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