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A Numerical Investigation on Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation over the tibetan Plateau in Summer 2014

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第3期33卷 463-477页

作者： Jie TANG Xueliang GUO Yi CHANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044

In order to improve our understanding of microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over the tibetan Plateau (TP), six cloud and precipitation processes with different intensities during the Third tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ) from 3 July to 25 July 2014 in Naqu region of the TP are investigated by using the high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show unique properties of summertime clouds and precipitation processes over the TP. The initiation process of clouds is closely associated with strong solar radiative heating in the daytime, and summertime clouds and precipitation show an obvious diurnal variation. Generally, convective clouds would transform into stratiform clouds with an obvious bright band and often produce strong rainfall in midnight. The maximum cloud top can reach more than 15 km above sea level and the velocity of updraft ranges from 10 to 40 m s-1. The simulations show high amount of supercooled water content primarily located between 0 and -20℃ layer in all the six cases. Ice crystals mainly form above the level of -20℃ and even appear above the level of -40℃ within strong convective clouds. Rainwater mostly appears below the melting layer, indicating that its formation mainly depends on the melting process of precipitable ice particles. Snow and graupel particles have the characteristics of high content and deep vertical distribution, showing that the ice phase process is very active in the development of clouds and precipitation. The conversion and formation of hydrometeors and precipitation over the plateau exhibit obvious characteristics. Surface precipitation is mainly formed by the melting of graupel particles. Although the warm cloud microphysical process has less direct contribution to the formation of surface precipitation, it is important for the formation of supercooled raindrops, which are essential for the formation of graupel embryos through heterogeneo

关键词： tibetan Plateau numerical simulation cloud microphysics precipitation formation

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A new pollen record of the last 2.8 Ma from the Co Ngoin,central tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第S1期44卷 292-300页

作者：吕厚远王苏民吴乃琴童国榜羊向东沈才明李世杰朱立平旺罗 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China anjing Institute of Limnology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Institute of Hydrology and Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Zhengding China Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Institute of Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A new pollen record from the lake of Co Ngoin in the central tibetan Plateau provides information on the vegetation and climate changes during the last 2.8 Ma. Seven major significant changes in pollen associations indicate the processes of vegetation change and possible tectonic uplifts. The seven changes in vegetation succession include a temperate montane conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, cold temperate montane dark conifer forest, alpine shrub-meadow and alpine desert, montane dark coniferous forest and alpine shrub meadow, montane dark coniferous forest and alpine shrub meadow, montane dark coniferous forest and alpine meadow, and alpine desert and meadow. The pollen record provides the evidence of at least five times tectonic uplifts occurring at about 2.58 Ma, 1.87 Ma, 1.17 Ma, 0.83 Ma, and 0.3 Ma ago, respectively. Before 0.8 Ma, this region maintained the altitude below 4000 m a.s.l. Larger amplitude of uplift occurring at about 0.8 Ma ago enforced the plateau rising into cryosphere, shaping the basic topographic pattern of modern plateau. The major successions in vegetation of this area were largely controlled by stepwise uplift of the tibetan Plateau.

关键词： tibetan Plateau pollen record vegetation variation.

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Comparative Studies of Two Major Sets of tibetan Medical Paintings: A Historical Perspective

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第11期25卷 803-811页

作者： ZHEN Yan CAI Jing-feng China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

tibetan medicine, one of the time-honored medical systems in the world, has increasingly been receiving attention the world over. tibetan medical paintings (TMP, tib. Smart thang) has become one of the focal points in the studies of this medical system. To date, there are many atlases and publications on TMP, which are principally based on the two major sets of TMP series existing today in the world, the Lhasa set and the Buryat set. It has been found that the Buryat set is based on the Lhasa set, which was brought in late 19th to the first half of the 20th century from Tibet to Buryatia, Russia. A careful investigation on the basic structure of the two sets reveals that there are many differences between the two sets of paintings, including the total number of the paintings invoIved, of which some are missing in one set, the details of the captions of some of the paintings, the existenee of the 80th painting and its supervisor, and the overall order of the entire set, etc. The details of the differences are elaborated and discussed, and the prospective of developing the research to arrive at a standard and perfect TMP set in the future is also analyzed and anticipated.

关键词： tibetan medical painting Sman thang Lhasa set Buryat set tibetan painting art Sde srid Sangs rgyas rgya mtsho

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Cenozoic reactivation along the Late Triassic Ganzi-Litang suture,eastern tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 1069-1080页

作者： W.T.Jackson Jr. D.M.Robinson A.L.Weislogel X.Jian Department of Earth Sciences University of South AlabamaMobileAL36688USA Department of Geological Sciences and Center for Sedimentary Basin Studies The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA Department of Geography and Geology West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

The spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau *** Ganzi-Litang suture,in the eastern tibetan Plateau,developed in the Late Triassic because of subduction and closure along the eastern branch of the Paleo-Tethys *** the city of Litang,the Ganzi-Litang suture is defined by a melange sequence with faultbound,synorogenic nonmarine strata along the western and eastern flanks,suggesting post-Triassic structural *** present detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and field data to determine the timing and style of reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture,as well as sedimentary provenance of nonmarine strata.A reverse fault placing melange rock on top of nonmarine strata along the eastern flank of the Ganzi-Litang suture indicates a contractional deformational regime during *** clast counts indicate a local sediment source of recycled Ganzi-Litang suture and Yidun terrane *** zircons indicate a localized provenance consisting of recycled material from Triassic Yidun Arc plutons and Triassic Yidun Group turbidite rock.A weighted mean average of Cenozoic zircon grains(n=10) establishes a maximum depositional age of41.5 ± 1.2 Ma for nonmarine strata in the Ganzi-Litang *** interpret the maximum depositional age of the nonmarine strata to represent the upper-limit for structural reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture while undeformed Neogene strata in the suture zone represent the lower-limit;thereby bracketing structural reactivation from ca.42-25 *** results provide enhanced spatial-temporal resolution for Cenozoic deformation in the eastern tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Nonmarine strata Yidun terrane tibetan plateau Zircon Suture zone Reactivation

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Compositional characteristics of n-alkanes of the glaciers over the tibetan Plateau and their environmental and climatic significances

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第11期52卷 1803-1812页

作者： LI QuanLian WANG NingLian WU XiaoBo PU JianChen HE JianQiao XIE Jun State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

We report on the concentration and compositional features of n-alkanes of natural and anthropogenic origins in the snow samples collected from the Qiyi glacier in the Qilian Mountains, the Yuzhufeng glacier in eastern Kunlun Mountains, the Xiaodongkemadi glacier in the Tanggula Mountains, and the Gurenhekou glacier in the Nyainqêntanglha Range. The results indicate a decrease in the total n-alkane concentration (T-HCs) from the northeast to the south over the tibetan Plateau. The T-HCs in these studied areas were close to those in the Belukha and Sofiyskiy glacier, Russian Alati Mountains and the Dasuopu glacier in the Himalaya but were much higher than those in the Greenland ice sheet, suggesting that the mountain glaciers in the Asian continent may receive a higher loading of n-alkanes than the Greenland ice core. Moreover, the compositional characteristics of n-alkanes indicated that the n-alkanes in the studied areas were probably originated from the plant waxes as well as the fossil-fuel combustion exhaust, whereas the contribution from the lower organisms was small. In addition, the plant wax (Cn(wax)) and anthropogenic (non-Cn(wax)) contributions revealed that fast industrialization may have significant effects on the organic pollutant composition in glacier over the tibetan Plateau and its circumference environment. Particularly, except for the Yuzhufeng glacier, the ΣnC21-/ΣnC22+ and (nC15+nC17+nC19)/(nC27+nC29+nC31) ratio decreased from the Qiyi glacier to the Gurenhekou glacier over the tibetan Plateau, while the carbon preference index (CPI) values increased. These results indicate a decrease in terrigenous input while an increase in marine input from the northeast to the south over the tibetan Plateau. These two ratios can be used as the climatic and environmental change indicators.

关键词： tibetan Plateau glacier n-alkanes substance origin

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Seasonal variations of stable isotope in precipitation and moisture transport at Yushu,eastern tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1121-1128页

作者： TIAN LiDe MA LingLong YU WuSheng LIU ZhongFang YIN ChangLiang ZHAO ZhongPing TANG Wei WANG Yu Laboratory of tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Precipitation δ 18O at Yushu, eastern tibetan Plateau, shows strong fluctuation and lack of clear seasonality. The seasonal pattern of precipitation stable isotope at Yushu is apparently different from either that of the southwest monsoon region to the south or that of the inland region to the north. This different seasonal pattern probably reflects the shift of different moisture sources. In this paper, we present the spatial comparison of the seasonal patterns of precipitation δ 18O, and calculate the moisture transport flux by using the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data. This allows us to discuss the relation between moisture transport flux and precipitation δ 18O. This study shows that both the southwest monsoon from south and inland air mass transport from north affected the seasonal precipitation δ 18O at Yushu, eastern tibetan Plateau. Southwest monsoon brings the main part of the moisture, but southwest transport flux is weaker than in the southern part of the tibetan Plateau. However, contribution of the inland moisture from north or local evaporation moisture is enhanced. The combined effect is the strong fluctuation of summer precipitation δ 18O at Yushu and comparatively poor seasonality.

关键词： tibetan Plateau Yushu precipitation stable isotope moisture transport

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Glacier change in the Tanggula Mountains, tibetan Plateau,in 1969-2015

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2663-2678页

作者： DUAN Hong-yu YAO Xiao-jun LIU Shi-yin GAO Yong-peng QI Miao-miao LIU Juan ZHANG Da-hong LI Xiao-feng College of Geography and Environment Sciences Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Kunming 650091China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan University Kunming 650091China

To improve our knowledge of glacier change in the Tanggula Mountains located in the northeast of the tibetan Plateau,we delineated outlines of the glaciers in 1991 and 2015 using Landsat TM/OLI images and compared them with the reported glacier data in the First Chinese Glacier Inventory in 1969 and the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory in *** comparisons showed that the glacier area and ice volume decreased by 524.8 km2 and 37 km3,*** majority of the glacier area loss was concentrated in the area class of 1-5 km2,between 5300 m and 5500 m in elevation,on north and east facing slopes and in the Dam Qu River *** glacier changes exhibited spatial and temporal *** glacier retreat rate gradually increased from 1969 to 2015,and the rate in the east was higher than that in the *** 1969 to 2015,the warming rate in the Tanggula Mountains was 0.38°C/10a,while the annual precipitation only increased by 0.4%.The slight increase in the amount of precipitation made a limited contribution to glacier change,while the change in temperature led to noticeable shrinkage of the *** to the retreat or stagnation of most glaciers in the study area,there were 10 glaciers that experienced clear advance in 1986-2015 with noticeable increases in both area and *** or not these 10 glaciers are surge glaciers requires further study.

关键词： Glacier change Glacier inventory Advancing glaciers Climate change Tanggula Mountains tibetan Plateau

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Impact of tibetan Plateau surface heating field intensity on Northern Hemispherical general circulations and weather and the climate of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第S1期44卷 390-399页

作者：李栋梁季国良吕兰芝 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

The basic climatic characteristics about the tibetan Plateau surface heating field intensity (TPSHFI) and its anomalous change trend are analyzed by using Lhasa, Yushu and Wu-daoliang as the representatves of north-part, east-part and mid-north part of the tibetan Plateau, respectively. The impact of heating intensity anomalism on NH general circulation and the climate of China is diagnosed.

关键词： : tibetan Plateau heating field intensity general circulation on the Northern Hemisphere weather and climate anomaly impact.

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Climatic and geographic factors affect ecosystem multifunctionality through biodiversity in the tibetan alpine grasslands

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第8期14卷 1604-1614页

作者： PAN Ying WU Jun-xi LUO Li-ming TU Yan-li YU Cheng-qun ZHANG Xian-zhou MIAO Yan-jun ZHAO Yan YANG Jun-ling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Agricultural Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University

Ecosystem multifunctionality(EMF), the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem functions, is often affected by biodiversity and environmental factors. We know little about how the interactions between biodiversity and environmental factors affect EMF. In this case study, a structural equation model was used to clarify climatic and geographic pathways that affect EMF by varying biodiversity in the tibetan alpine grasslands. In addition to services related to carbon, nitrogen, and water cycling, forage supply, which is related to plantproductivity and palatability, was included in the EMF index. The results showed that 72% of the variation in EMF could be explained by biodiversity and other environmental factors. The ratio of palatable richness to all species richness explained 8.3% of the EMF variation. We found that air temperature, elevation, and latitude all affected EMF, but in different ways. Air temperature and elevation impacted the aboveground parts of the ecosystem, which included plant height, aboveground biomass, richness of palatable species, and ratio of palatable richness to all species richness. Latitude affected EMF by varying both aboveground and belowground parts of the ecosystem, which included palatable speciesrichness and belowground biomass. Our results indicated that there are still uncertainties in the biodiversity–EMF relationships related to the variable components of EMF, and climatic and geographic factors. Clarification of pathways that affect EMF using structural equation modeling techniques could elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental changes affect EMF.

关键词： Alpine grassland Biodiversity Structural equation model tibetan Plateau

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Late Eocene pollen records and palaeoenvironmental changes in northern tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1089-1098页

作者： MIAO YunFa FANG XiaoMin SONG ZhiChen WU FuLi HAN WenXia DAI Shuang SONG ChunHui Institute of tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China National Laboratory of Western China Environmental Systerms of Education of China&Department of Geography Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The Eocene palaeovegetation landscape and palaeoclimate reconstructed from the pollen records in the Jiuquan Basin, northwest China provide some important information on the early uplift of the tibetan Plateau and the origin and evolution of the aridification in northwest China. The records show the arid-semiarid scrubs with open forest palynofloras controlled by the subtropical high existed in northwest China during the 40.2-33.4 Ma. Four pollen assemblages are found: Nitrariadites-Cheno-podipollis-Pinaceae assemblage (40.2-37.9 Ma) is followed by Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites assemblage (37.9-34.6 Ma), Pinuspollenites & Abietineaepollenites-Chenopodipollis assemblage (34.6-33.9 Ma), and Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites assemblage (33.9-33.4 Ma). The percentage of thermophilic types is in anti-correlation with that of the dry types, which means the palaeoclimate is relatively warmwet or cold-dry during most of that time. Such aridity may be related to the water vapor reduction and the planetary wind system movement northward in response to the cooling caused by small-ephemeral icesheets.

关键词： tibetan Plateau pollen records Eocene planetary arid zone palaeoenvironment cooling

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