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Preparation and Characterization of thermoplastic starch from Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) by Extrusion Method

Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第4期11卷 1963-1976页

作者： Muhammad Ghozali Yenny Meliana Widya Fatriasari Petar Antov Mochamad Chalid Departement of Metallurgy and Material Universitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia Research Center for Chemistry National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Kawasan PUSPIPTEK SerpongTangerang Selatan15314Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 CibinongBogor16911Indonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria

Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of biocomposite *** research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from *** palm starch using an extrusion *** starch,glycerol,and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw *** electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion *** density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL,lower than that of palm starch,and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density.X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline *** tensile strength,elongation at break,and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa,33.95%,and 0.56 GPa,*** addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength,elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of *** rheological properties,i.e.,melt flow rate(MFR)and viscosity of TPS,were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s,*** presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity *** peak gelatinization temperature of *** palm starch was 70°C,while Tg of TPS was 65°*** addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of *** thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability,but extended the temperature range of thermal *** derived from *** palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics.

关键词： Arenga pinnata sugar palm starch thermoplastic starch glycerol stearic acid twin-screw extruder biocomposites

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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of thermoplastic starch and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol-Co-Ethylene)Blends

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第3期7卷 245-252页

作者： Ana Clara Lancarovici Alves Rafael Grande Antonio José Felix Carvalho Department of Materials Engineering Sao Carlos School of EngineeringUniversity of Sao PauloAv.Joao Dagnone110013563-120Sao Carlos-SP-Brazil

The interest in thermoplastic starch(TPS)as a substitute material to replace conventional thermoplastics continues especially due its biodegradability,availability,low cost and because it is obtained from renewable ***,its poor mechanical properties and its high sensitivity to humidity have limited its use in several ***,the copolymer poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)(EVOH),with two different ethylene contents,27 and 44 mol%were blended with TPS by extrusion in order to overcome these *** obtained blends were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),mechanical tensile testing,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and moisture absorption *** addition of EVOH copolymer did not significantly changed the thermal stability of TPS,however it increased the tensile strength in 65%when compared to *** morphology of the blends did not showed two distinct phases,an indication of miscibility or partial miscibility of the components.A decrease of moisture absorption was obtained by the addition of EVOH and is more pronounced for the EVOH with 44% of ethylene.

关键词： thermoplastic starch EVOH polymer blends thermal properties of polymers mechanical properties of polymers

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Influence of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Size on Biodegradable Composites of thermoplastic starch

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第2期6卷 176-182页

作者： Bruno Henrique dos Santos Karen de Souza do Prado Asaph Armando Jacinto Marcia Aparecida da Silva Spinace Federal University of ABC Center of Natural and Human SciencesAv.dos Estados5001Santa Terezinha09.210-170 Santo AndréSão PauloBrazil

Although thermoplastic starch(TPS)is biodegradable,its low mechanical resistance limits its wide *** bagasse(SB)fibers can be used as reinforcement in TPS matrix composites,but the influence of fiber size on the properties of the composite is still *** this study,TPS composites reinforced with SB short fibers of four sizes were processed and characterized in order to analyze the influence of fiber size on the mechanical properties of the TPS/SB *** was observed that the interaction between fiber and matrix was good and optimized when the fibers are sifted in sieves between 30 and 50 mesh,obtaining fibers with average length of 1569±640μm and average diameter of 646±166μ*** these composites,increases of more than 660%in the modulus and more than 100%in the maximum tension were verified when compared to the pure TPS.

关键词： Sugarcane bagasse thermoplastic starch composite fiber size

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Oxidative Degradation of thermoplastic starch Induced by UV Radiation

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第4期7卷 383-391页

作者： Mayte M.Quispe Olivia V.López Marcelo A.Villar Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química PLAPIQUI(UNS CONICET)Bahía Blanca(8000)Argentina Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Bahía Blanca(8000)Argentina

Among biopolymers,thermoplastic starch(TPS)is a good candidate to obtain biomaterials because of its natural origin,biodegradable character,and *** to ultraviolet(UV)radiation causes significant degradation of starch-based materials,inducing photooxidative reactions which result in breaking of polymer chains,production of free radical,and reduction of molar *** changes produce a deterioration of TPS mechanical properties,leading to useless materials after an unpredictable *** this work,changes induced on TPS by UV radiation,analyzing structural properties and mechanical behavior,are *** was obtained through thermo-mechanical processing of native corn starch in the presence of water(45%w/w)and glycerol(30%w/w)as *** were obtained by thermocompression and,before testing,specimens were conditioned to reduce material *** process was performed by exposing TPS to 264 h UV radiation in a weathering test ***’s weight loss was determined *** changes were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and morphological modifications were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).Reduction of weight average molar mass was measured by Static Light Scattering(SLS).Changes in mechanical properties were studied from tensile *** 96 h exposure,TPS specimens presented a weight reduction of 4-6%,mainly attributed to plasticizers lost by *** observations showed that UV radiation induced morphological changes on TPS,evidenced by an increment of specimens *** FTIR,it was detected the presence of an additional band located at 1726 cm-1 in samples submitted to UV radiation,attributed to the formation of-C=O *** average molar mass of native starch was in the order of 107 g *** exposure to UV radiation decreased significantly its molar mass,confirming molecular degradation of the *** TPS was exposed during 48 h,it

关键词： thermoplastic starch UV radiation structural properties mechanical behavior

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Biocomposites Based on thermoplastic starch and Granite Sand Quarry Waste

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第4期7卷 393-402页

作者： María G.Passaretti Mario D.Ninago Cecilia I.Paulo Horacio A.Petit Edgardo F.Irassarc Daniel A.Vega Marcelo A.Villar Olivia V.López Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química PLAPIQUI(UNS-CONICET)Camino"La Carrindanga"Km 7Bahía Blanca8000Buenos AiresArgentina Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Bahía Blanca8000Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria(FCAI) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo(UNCuyo)Bernardo de Irigoyen 375San Rafael5600MendozaArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Godoy Cruz 2290Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1425FQBBuenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(UNCPBA).Centro de Investigaciones en Física e IngenieríaCIFICEN(UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET)7400OlavarríaArgentina Instituto de Física del Sur IFISUR(UNS-CONICET)Bahía Blanca8000Argentina

Granite stone is a by-product of the rock crushing *** industrial waste in powder form that causes health problems and environmental *** particles fraction can be used as a partial replacement of sand in concrete *** this work,an alternative exploitation of this waste fraction is *** sand(GS)with particles mean size of ~1μm was employed as thermoplastic starch(TPS)filler at different *** were obtained by melt-mixing and thermo-compression,achieving translucent and easy to handle films.A good GS dispersion within the matrix was evidenced by *** presence induced a shift of starch’s melting point to higher values and a better thermal *** UV absorption capacity was increased ~90% by GS *** increment in TPS Young’s modulus and maximum tensile stress of 5 and 3 times,respectively was observed by adding 5%w/w GS.

关键词： thermoplastic starch granite sand melt processing final properties

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Preparation of the thermoplastic starch/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Melt-intercalation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2005年第4期16卷 561-564页

作者： MingFuHUANC JiuGaoYU XiaoFeiMA SchoolofScience TianjinUniversityTianjin300072

In this paper, the conception of melt-intercalation was introduced into the natural polymer field, and the thermoplastic starch/ethanolamine-activated montmorillonite (TPS/EMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by extruding the composites of EMMT and TPS, plasticized with ethanolamine/formamide. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that TPS was intercalated into the layers of EMMT successfully and formed the intercalation nanocomposites with EMMT. When EMMT content was wt.10%, the mechanical testing indicated that the tensile stress of the nanocomposites reached 9.69 MPa, and the tensile strain reached 74.07%, Youngs modulus increased from the 47.23 MPa of TPS to 184.11 MPa of TPS/EMMT nanocomposites, and breaking energy increased from 1.34 N·m to 2.15 N·m after they had been stored at RH25% for 14 days.

关键词： thermoplastic starch montmorillonite nanocomposites ethanolamine.

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Synthesis of aliphatic amidediol and used as a novel mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第4期19卷 395-398页

作者： Jian She Zhang Jiu Gao Yu Ying Wu Xiao Fei Ma School of Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072PR China

In this paper,aliphatic amidediol was synthesized and mixed with glycerol used as a plasticizer for preparing thermoplastic starch（AGPTPS）.The yield of aliphatic amidediol was 91%.FF-IR expressed that the mixture of aliphatic amidediol and glycerol formed stronger and stable hydrogen bond with starch molecules compared to the native *** scanning electron microscope（SEM）native cornstarch granules were proved to transfer to a homogeneous continuous *** being stored for a period time at room temperature,the mechanical properties of AGPTPS were also *** a mixed plasticizer,aliphatic amidediol and glycerol would be practical to extend TPS application scopes.

关键词： thermoplastic starch Aliphatic amidediol Glycerol Plasticizer

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A Mixed Plasticizer for the Preparation of thermoplastic starch

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2004年第6期15卷 741-744页

作者： XiaoFeiMA JiuGaoYU JinFENG SchoolofScience TianjinUniversityTianjin300072

In this paper, formamide was firstly used as plasticizer to prepare thermoplastic starch (TPS), which could suppress the retrogradation of TPS by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and show a good flexibility, but was weaker than conventional glycerol-plasticized TPS (GPTPS). When urea was introduced into plasticizer, both the retrogradation and mechanical properties were ameliorated. The tensile stress, strain and energy break of TPS plasticized by urea (wt. 20%) and formamide (wt.10%), respectively, reached 4.83 MPa, 104.6 % and 2.17 N-m (Newton-meter) after it had been stored at relative humidity (RH) 30% for one week.

关键词： thermoplastic starch formamide urea retrogradation.

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A Novel Plasticizer for the Preparation of thermoplastic starch

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2006年第1期17卷 133-136页

作者： Jin Hui YANG Jiu Gao YU Xiao Fei MA School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072

in this paper, ethylenebisformamide was synthesized and used as a novel plasticizer for cornstarch to prepare thermoplastic starch （TPS）. FT-IR expressed that ethylenebisformamide formed stronger and stable hydrogen bond with starch molecules compared to the native cornstarch. X-ray diffraction （XRD） showed that the typical A-style crystallinity in the native starch has been destructed. By scanning electron microscope （SEM） native cornstarch granules were proved to transfer to a homogeneous system. After being stored for one week at RH=33%, the mechanical properties of EPTPS was also studied. The elongation reached to 264% utmost. As a novel plasticizer, ethylenebisformamide would be practical to extend TPS application scopes.

关键词： thermoplastic starch ethylenebisformamide novel plasticizer.

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Effect of the Extender on Form and Structure of the thermoplastic starch

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2001年第Z1期17卷 81-82页

作者： MA ZuFu College of Petrochemical Technology Gansu University of Technology

The thermoplastic starch is a complete biodegradable plastic materials, in the fullstarch plastic the thermoplastic starch attained amount to 90% or higher. For the improve on machine properties, general added a extender of 5-10% according to the process method and/or claim of the use properties, the process and use properties of full-starch depend on a kind of the extender to a certainly extent1 As a type of polysaccharide compound, the starch contained a great amount of the polar group-hydroxyl (-OH), These hydroxyl on the chain bounded chain and chain closely together via association of the hydrogen bond, the chain cannot free revolve and twist, so it has not the thermoplasicity. But through thermoplastic denaturation of the starch, the plasticity agent breaked associated of the hydrogen bond between chain and chain, the starch chain may be freely revolved or tensional formation when is heated or forced. So it's plasticity2。

关键词： thermoplastic starch hydrogen bond biodegradable plastic process method type of

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