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Techno-Economic Evaluation of thermal and Catalytic pyrolysis Plants for the Conversion of Heterogeneous Waste Plastics to Liquid Fuels in Nigeria

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第7期10卷 56-69页

作者： Emmanuel Okon Osung Sunday Boladale Alabi Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Uyo Uyo Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

Techno-economic potentials of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis plants for the conversion of waste plastics to liquid fuels have been widely studied, but it is not obvious which of the two plants is more profitable, as the existing studies used different assumptions and cost bases in their analyses, thereby making it difficult to compare the economic potentials of the two plants. In this study, industrial-scale thermal and catalytic waste plastics pyrolysis plants were designed and economically analyzed using ASPEN PLUS. Amorphous silica-alumina was considered the optimum catalyst, with 3:1 feed to catalyst ratio. Based on 20,000 tons/year of feed and 20% interest rate, the catalytic plant, having a net present value (NPV) of � million, was found to be economically less attractive than the thermal plant, having the NPV of �.4 million. On the contrary, sensitivity analyses of the two plants at a feed rate of 50,000 tons/year gave rise to a slightly higher NPV for the catalytic plant (� million) than the thermal plant having NPV of � million, thereby making the former more economically attractive for processing large amounts of waste plastics into liquid fuels. Consequently, as the catalytic plant showed a better scale economy and would produce higher quality liquid fuels than the thermal plant, it is recommended for commercialization in Nigeria.

关键词： Waste Plastics Heterogeneous Liquid Fuels thermal pyrolysis Catalytic pyrolysis

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Microstructure and evolution of hafnium carbide whiskers via polymer-derived ceramics:A novel formation mechanism

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第3期12卷 578-586页

作者： Yanqin Fu Yulei Zhang Hao Yan Jinhua Li Xuemin Yin Jia Sun Qiangang Fu Ralf Riedel Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi’an Technological UniversityXi’an 710021China Institut für Materialwissenschaft Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadt D-64287Germany

Polymer-derived ultra-high-temperature ceramic(UHTC)nanocomposites have attracted growing attention due to the increasing demands for advanced thermal structure components in ***,hafnium carbide(HfC)whiskers are successfully fabricated in carbon fiber preforms via the polymer-derived ceramic(PDC)method.A novel carbon nanotube(CNT)template growth mechanism combined with the PDC method is proposed in this work,which is different from the conventional vapor–liquid–solid(VLS)mechanism that is commonly used for polymer-derived nanostructured *** CNTs are synthesized and proved to be the templates for fabricating the HfC whiskers,which are generated by the released low-molecular-weight gas such as CO,CO_(2),and CH4 during the pyrolysis of a Hf-containing *** formed products are composed of inner single crystal HfC whiskers that are measured to be several tens of micrometers in length and 100–200 nm in diameter and outer HfC/HfO_(2)*** work not only proposes a new strategy to prepare the HfC whiskers,but also puts forward a new thinking of the efficient utilization of a UHTC polymer precursor.

关键词： HfC whiskers carbon nanotubes(CNTs) CNT template Hf-containing precursor thermal pyrolysis

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Hierarchically porous carbon cages synthesized through in situ migration of templates

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第1期31卷 303-306页

作者： Qing Fang Wei Zhang Xinghua Chen Yuanjian Zhang Ming Hu State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy School of Physics and Materials ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China

In order to optimize mass transportation and exchange,nature creates hierarchically porous networks which are composed of multi-level *** bottom-up templating methods have succeeded in fabrication of these kinds of hierarchically porous networks,the templates have to be assembled/packed in advance,therefore,driving the fabrication process too *** this report,we presented that the hierarchically porous networks could be fabricated through migration of templates,which was similar to formation of rive *** thermal pyrolysis of Prussian blue cages,the in situly generated iron oxides nanoparticles diffused and aggrega ted together to grow larger,and eventually moved outside from the porous *** moving routes of the iron oxides became hierarchical channels in the obtained carbon *** using the porous carbon cages as electrode for Na-ion battery,a pseudocapacitor-type ion storage was investigated.

关键词： Hierarchical structures Hierarchically porous carbon Mobile templates thermal pyrolysis Na-ion battery

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