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temporal trends of Maternal Mortality Due to Obstetric Hemorrhage in Chinese Mainland: Evidence from the Population-Based Surveillance Data Between 2000 and 2019

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2022年第3期4卷 169-178页

作者： Yi Mu Jun Zhu Yanping Wang Jiani Zhang Mingrong Li Peiran Chen Yanxia Xie Juan Liang Xiaodong Wang National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China.

Objective:To analyze the temporal trends of maternal mortality ratio(MMR)due to obstetric hemorrhage and its specific causes in Chinese mainland from 2000 to 2019,to identify whether the rate of change has accelerated or slowed down during this period,and to find the prior cause of obstetric hemorrhage that needs to be intervened in the ***:Individual information on maternal deaths and total number of live births from 336 surveillance sites across 31 provinces in Chinese mainland was collected from the National Maternal and Child Health Surveillance System between 2000 and *** death was defined according to the World Health Organization’s *** final underlying cause of death was confirmed by the national review and was coded according to International Classification of *** trends for changes in characteristics of maternal deaths were assessed using linear or logistic models with the year treated as a continuous *** MMR and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for regions or causes were estimated by Poisson’s *** regression was used to assess the accurate temporal ***:The national MMR due to obstetric hemorrhage was 18.4 per 100,000 live births(95%CI:15.0–22.2)in *** peaked in 2001(22.1 per 100,000 live births,95%CI:18.3–26.4)and was lowest in 2019(1.6 per 100,000 live births,95%CI:1.0–2.3).For specific regions,the MMR due to obstetric hemorrhage in rural areas and western regions both experienced a slight rise,followed by a rapid decline,and then a slow *** specific causes,no change point was found in joinpoint analysis of the national MMR caused by placenta previa,postpartum uterine atony,and retained placenta(the annual percent change was12.0%,10.5%,and21.0%,respectively).The MMR caused by postpartum hemorrhages(PPH)significantly declined by 8.0%(95%CI:1.9–13.6)per year from 2000 to *** annual percent change of MMR caused by PPH accelerated further to25.0%between 2007

关键词： Maternal mortality Obstetric haemorrhage temporal trend Annual percent change China

Cancer statistics in Chinese older people,2022:current burden,time trends,and comparisons with the US,Japan,and the Republic of Korea

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 1079-1091页

作者： Wen Ju Rongshou Zheng Siwei Zhang Hongmei Zeng Kexin Sun Shaoming Wang Ru Chen Li Li Wenqiang Wei Jie He Office for Cancer Registry National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Largely due to population ageing,the cancer burden from older people has been rising,which imposed considerable pressure on current Chinese healthcare *** provide comprehensive information about cancer burden of Chinese older people based on the most recent data from National Central Cancer Registry of *** logarithmic linear regression was used to project the current cancer burden in 2022,and Joinpoint regression was used for temporal trend analysis from 2000 to *** also estimated cancer statistics of older people in the US,Japan and the Republic of Korea for *** is estimated that 2.79 million cases and 1.94 million deaths occur for Chinese older people,representing 55.8%and 68.2%of cases and deaths in all population in *** overall cancer incidence rate gradually increased among older women,while the mortality rates declined for both ***,approximately 10.0%of all cases and 17.7%of all deaths are from people aged over 80 years,and cancer incidence and mortality in this age group showed upward trends for *** cancer and digestive cancers are the leading cancer types for Chinese older *** with other countries,China has lower incidence rates but higher mortality rates for older *** rapidly growing burden of prostate cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,and declines in esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,and liver cancer among older people indicate the cancer pattern in China is being in a transition stage to that in developed *** findings imply that it should be the national health priority to meet the growing demands for cancer diagnosis,treatment and care services from the older people as the rapid population ageing in next few decades.

关键词： cancer burden older people temporal trend cancer pattern population ageing

Key Social Determinants to Narrow the Gap between Health-adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy in Megacities

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期35卷 773-781页

作者： XI Jun Yan CHEN Yuan Yuan ZHANG Yu Qin LUO Ao DU Zhi Cheng LIANG Bo Heng DONG Hang LIN Xiao QIN Peng Zhe HAO Yuan Tao Department of Medical Statistics School of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina Department of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou 510440GuangdongChina Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou 511430GuangdongChina Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness&Response Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina Center for Health Information Research Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina

Objective Improvement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between healthadjusted life expectancy(HALE)and life expectancy(LE).The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely *** study aimed to disclose this potential *** Annual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou,China,from 2010 to *** regression was used to evaluate the temporal *** principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social *** Although LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily,their gap is *** and health services are guaranteed to narrow this *** personal wealth,a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants,high urbanization,and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this *** In megacities,parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their *** social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.

关键词： Generalized principal component analysis Health-adjusted life expectancy Megacities Quality of life Social determinants temporal trend Urban expansion

Survival trends of patients with non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in the US and European countries:the impact of decreasing resection rates

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Cancer Communications 2022年第7期42卷 648-662页

作者： Lei Huang Lina Jansen Rob H.A.Verhoeven Jelle P.Ruurda Liesbet Van Eycken Harlinde De Schutter Jan Johansson Mats Lindblad Tom B.Johannesen Vesna Zadnik Tina Zagar Sjoerd M.Lagarde Cornelis J.Hvan de Velde Petra Schrotz-King Hermann Brenner Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg of Heidelberg University Heidelberg 69120Germany German Cancer Consortium German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Research&Development Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer OrganizationUtrecht 3501 DBThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam 1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Surgery University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht 3508 GAThe Netherlands Belgian Cancer Registry Brussels B-1210Belgium Department of Esophageal and Gastric Surgery Lund University HospitalLund 22185Sweden Department of Clinical Science Interventionand TechnologyDivision of SurgeryKarolinska University HospitalStockholm 17176Sweden Registry Department The Cancer Registry of NorwayOslo 0379Norway Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Institute of Oncology LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Surgery Erasmus Medical Centre-University Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdam 3015 CEThe Netherlands Department of Surgical Oncology Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2300 RCThe Netherlands Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor DiseasesHeidelberg 69120Germany

Background:We previously observed decreasing resection rates of nonmetastatic gastric adenocarcinoma(GaC)in the US and some European *** and to what extent these trends affect the trends in overall survival(OS)of patients with non-metastatic GaC at the population level remain *** large international population-based cohort study aimed to assess the impact of the previously observed decreasing resection rates on multivariable-adjusted trends in the long-term OS of patients with non-metastatic ***:Individual-level data of patients with non-metastatic GaC were obtained from the national cancer registries of the Netherlands,Belgium,Sweden,Norway,and Slovenia,and the US Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results *** analyzed data for each country *** between year of diagnosis and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for multiple prognostic variables,with and without including resection and chemotherapy as potential explanatory ***:A total of 66,398 non-metastatic GaC patients diagnosed in 2003-2016 were analyzed,with an accumulated follow-up of 172,357 *** adjustment for resection,OS was improved only slightly in the US[hazard ratio(HR)_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.trend became stronger in the US(HR_(per year)=0.98;HR_(≥vs.temporal trend became insignificant in *** Slovenia(HR_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.92)and Norway(HR_(per year)=0.97;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.86),improved OS over time emerged after resection *** OS in patients undergoing resection was observed in the US,the Netherlands,and *** for chemotherapy did not alter the observed *** analyses by tumor location showedm

关键词： gastric adenocarcinoma resection rate adjusted overall survival temporal trend prognostic factors international population-based cohort study

Data-driven estimates of global nitrous oxide emissions from croplands

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 441-452页

作者： Qihui Wang Feng Zhou Ziyin Shang Philippe Ciais Wilfried Winiwarter Robert B.Jackson Francesco N.Tubiello Greet Janssens-Maenhout Hanqin Tian Xiaoqing Cui Josep G.Canadell Shilong Piao Shu Tao Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University European Commission Joint Research Centre International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) The Institute of Environmental Engineering University of Zielona Góra Global Carbon Project CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Statistics Division Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Via Terme di Caracalla International Center for Climate and Global Change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ

Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide(NO) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-NO emissions in 1961–2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors(EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990–2014, but give a ～15% lower EF in 1961–1989 and a ～67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period. Associated emissions(0.82 ±0.34 Tg N yr) are probably one-quarter lower than IPCC Tier 1 global inventories but close to Tier 3 estimates. The use of survey-based gridded N-input data contributes 58% of this emission reduction, the rest being explained by the use of observation-based non-linear EFs. We conclude that upscaling NO emissions from site-level observations to global croplands provides a new benchmark for constraining IPCC Tier 1 and 3 methods. The detailed spatial distribution of emission data is expected to inform advancement towards more realistic and effective mitigation pathways.

关键词： nitrous oxide agricultural soils flux upscaling emission factor emission inventories temporal trend

A 50-years record of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes and hexachloro-cyclohexanes in lake sediments and penguin droppings on King George Island, Maritime Antarctic

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 899-905页

作者： SUN Li-guang YIN Xue-bin PAN Can-ping WANG Yu-hon Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Since the ban on the use of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） such as dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane （DDT） and hexachlorocyclohexane（HCH） in agriculture, their levels have generally dropped. In a number of cases, however, the levels of these OCPs were found to be unchanging or even increasing after the ban. With the aim to unveil the possible causes of these exceptions, we collected two lake cores from King George Island, West Antarctica, and determined their accumulation flux profiles and temporal trends of these OCPs. In the lake core sediments with glacier meltwater input, the accumulation flux of DDT shows an abnormal peak around 1980s in addition to the expected one in 1960s. In the lake core sediments without glacier meltwater input, the accumulation flux of DDT shows a gradual decline trend after the peak in 1960s. This striking difference in the DDT flux profiles between the two lake cores is most likely caused by the regional climate warming and the resulted discharge of the DDT stored in the Antarctic ice cap into the lakes in the Antarctic glacier frontier. Furthermore, to investigate the change of OCPs loadings in the Antarctic coastal ecosystem, we reconstructed the HCH and DDT concentration profiles in penguin droppings and observed a gradual increase for the former and a continuous decrease for the latter during the past 50 years. The increase of HCH seems to be due to the regional warming from the early 1970s and the resulted HCH discharge to the coastal ecosystem by glaciers＇ meltwater and the illegal use of HCH in the Southern Hemisphere in the recent decade. The different temporal trends of HCH and DDT accumulation rate in the lake core with glacier meltwater input and the aged penguin droppings can be explained by their different water-soluble property.

关键词： organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) DDT and HCH lake sediments penguin droppings temporal trend climate warming

One century sedimentary record of lead and zinc pollution in Yangzong Lake, a highland lake in southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1189-1196页

作者： Enlou Zhang Enfeng Liu Ji Shen Yanmin Cao Yanling Li State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Reconstruction of trace metal pollution histories and sources may help us to regulate current pollutant discharge. This is especially important for the highland lakes in southwestern China, which are facing trace metals pollution. We present sedimentary records of 11 metals accumulated in Yangzong Lake since the 1870＇s, a highland lake in southwestern China. Pollution of lead and zinc （Pb and Zn） was differentiated based on principal component analysis, geochemical normalization, and lead isotope ratios. Nearly all the metals as well as grain size composition show generally constant values before the mid-1980＇s, denoting stable detrital input in the catchment. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the metals as well as grain size composition since the mid-1980＇s indicate an increase in soil erosion with strengthened human disturbance in the catchment. After geochemical normalization, Pb and Zn showed constant values before 1990 AD and then a gradual increase in parallel with the variations in 2~spb/~~6pb and 2~7pb/2~6pb ratios, indicating that Pb and Zn pollution occurred. Combining the data of 20PPb/206Ppb and 207Pb/206Pb ratios in the sediments of Yangzong Lake, leaded gasoline, Pb-Zn ore and coal, and consumption or production historical trends, we deduced that the enhanced Pb and Zn pollution in Yangzong Lake is caused primarily by ore mining and refining.

关键词： Pb, Zn pollution temporal trend sediment Yangzong Lake

Decreasing Reference Evapotranspiration in a Warming Climate-A Case of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Catchment During 1970-2000

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第4期23卷 513-520页

作者：许崇育龚乐冰姜彤陈德亮 Department of Geosciences University of Oslo P. O Box 1047 BlindernNO-0316 OsloNorway Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Villavagen 16S-75236 UppsalaSweden Department of Earth SciencesGothenburg UniversitySweden Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences Gothenburg University Sweden Laboratory for Climate Studies/National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

This study deals with temporal trends in the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration estimated from standard meteorological observations, observed pan evaporation, and four related meteorological variables during 1970-2000 in the Yangtze River catchment. Relative contributions of the four meteorological variables to changes in the reference evapotranspiration are quantified. The results show that both the reference evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation have significant decreasing trends in the upper, the middle as well as in the whole Changjiang （Yangtze） River catchment at the 5% significance level, while the air temperature shows a significant increasing trend. The decreasing trend detected in the reference evapotranspiration can be attributed to the significant decreasing trends in the net radiation and the wind speed.

关键词： reference evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith method temporal trend Changjiang(Yangtze) River catchment China

Assessing phenological change in China from 1982 to 2006 using AVHRR imagery

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第3期6卷 227-236页

作者： Haiyan WEI Philip HEILMAN Jiaguo QI Mark A.NEARING Zhihui GU Yongguang ZHANG USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center AZ 85719USA Michigan State University MI 48824-1117USA Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China

Long-term trends in vegetation phenology indicate ecosystem change due to the combined impacts of human activities and climate. In this study we used 1982 to 2006 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （AVHRR NDVI） imagery across China and the TIMESAT program to quantify annual vegetation production and its changing trend. Results showed great spatial variability in vegetation growth and its temporal trend across the country during the 25-year study period. Significant decreases in vegetation production were detected in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, and in industrializing regions in southern China, including the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and areas along the Yangtze River. Significant increases in vegetation production were found in Xinjiang, Central China, and North-east China. Validation of the NDVI trends and vegetated area changes were conducted using Landsat imagery and the results were consistent with the analysis from AVHRR data. We also found that although the causes of the vegetation change vary locally, the spatial pattern of the vegetation change and the areas of greatest impact from national policies launched in the 1970s, such as the opening of economic zones and the ＇Three-North Shelter Forest Programme＇, are similar, which indicates an impact of national policies on ecosystem change and that such impacts can be detected using the method described in this paper.

关键词： AVHRR China remote sensing climate change policy desertification temporal trend phenology