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Hourly and monthly variations in the surface activity patterns of Hemilepistus reaumurii in arid environments of Tunisia

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 470-481页

作者： Anas AYARI Moez TOUIHRI Chedlia GHEMARI Karima NASRI-AMMAR Research Unit of Bio-Ecology and Evolutive Systematics Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar

Life in desert ecosystems drives animals to adapt their surface locomotor activity according to environmental conditions. In this study, the hourly and monthly variations in the surface activity patterns of the terrestrial crustacean Hemilepistus reaumurii were investigated. The surface activity of H. reaumurii at the population scale was observed by collecting the hourly active individuals from the sunrise to the sunset of the studied day in each month of 2013 in the Bchachma locality, Tunisia. The collected active individuals were put in perspex boxes（on which we labeled the hourly time interval in which the individuals were collected） in the field and then transported to the laboratory for analysis. Individuals were counted, sexed, and measured in the laboratory. Despite desert conditions in the studied site, H. reaumurii was characterized by a diurnal surface activity, showing a bimodal pattern during the warm months（i.e., May to October）. However, it exhibited a unimodal surface activity pattern in the cold months（i.e., February, March, and November）. The surface activity was significantly correlated with sunrise and sunset. Moreover, a significant quadratic effect of temperature on the surface activity of H. reaumurii was observed. Furthermore, the study showed that the most important surface activity was recorded in March. The daily exploitation of the temporal niches was significantly different as a function of months. The body size of males was larger than that of females, and the body size of active individuals changed with months. All these behavioural changes in the surface activity represent an adaptive strategy of life in the arid environment.

关键词： diurnal activity variation pattern aboveground activity desert isopod temporal niche Hemilepistus reaumurii Tunisia

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Timing is everything:does early and late germination favor invasions by herbaceous alien plants?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第1期11卷 4-16页

作者： Margherita Gioria Petr Pyšek Bruce A.Osborne Institute of Botany Department of Invasion EcologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesCZ-25243 PrůhoniceCzech Republic UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Ecology Faculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueViničná7CZ-12844 Prague 2Czech Republic UCD Earth Institute University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Aims Plant invasions represent a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying community assembly rules and species distribution *** a superior competitive ability has often been proposed as a major driver of successful plant invasions,its significance depends crucially on the timing of any competitive *** assess whether a mismatch in germination phenology can favor the establishment of alien species,allowing them to exploit vacant niches where competition is *** well as having important effects on the survival,growth and fitness of a species,asymmetric competition and potential soil legacies resulting from early or late germination can also impact on species ***,early or late germination comes at a cost,increases the risks of exposure to unfavorable conditions and requires an enhanced abiotic resistance if it is to lead to successful *** Findings While there are several anecdotal accounts of early and late ger-mination for invasive species,there are limited comparative data with resident species growing under natural *** evidence from grassland communities indicates that a short-term germination advantage or priority(few days/weeks)provides inva-sive species with a strong competitive advantage over native species and is a critical factor in many *** the exploitation of periods of low competition is a plausible mechanism for the suc-cessful establishment of many invasive plants,direct evidence for this strategy is still *** is particularly true with regard to the exploitation of late germination ***,long-term comparative monitoring of the germination phenology of invasive and native plants in situ is needed to assess its significance in a range of ecosystems and its impact on community dynamics.

关键词： competition germination invasive plants phenology temporal niche

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Food resource and temporal partitioning amongst a guild of predatory agroecosystem-inhabiting ant species

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Current Zoology 2009年第5期55卷 366-375页

作者： Vivek Mohan AGARWAL Neelkamal RASTOGI Center of Advanced Study in Zoology Banaras Hindu University

Prey diversity and temporal foraging patterns of six abundant,predatory ant species were investigated seasonally in an agroecosystem with two main vegetable *** *** the highest predation success and therefore appears to be the dominant species while Tapinoma melanocephalum showed the lowest success under the natural field *** of prey diversity and temporal activity patterns with the null model tests of niche overlap revealed a significant overlap indicating that the activity periods and prey diversity may not be solely influenced by interactions among the co-existing ant ***,niche partitioning in the daily peak activity periods was demonstrated during all the three seasons(summer,rainy and winter)particularly between Pheidole *** *** *** a high intensity,broadly extended mono-modal foraging *** compressus and *** showed bi-modality in their foraging activity during the rainy season and mono-modal patterns during summer and winter *** tesserinoda,Tetramorium *** *** exhibited peak foraging activities in the morning hours during the summer and rainy *** activity profiles of *** and *** were skewed towards late afternoon hours during the winter season indicating avoidance of foraging activity during the favourable periods when the more aggressive Pheidole *** *** the sponge gourd agroecosystem,the ants captured predominantly hymenopteran,orthopteran and coleopteran *** Pheidole *** mainly the large orthopteran prey,other ant species captured worker ants in the sponge gourd *** the cauliflower agroecosystem,while other species captured prey chiefly belonging to six orders,i.e.,Lepidoptera,Hymenoptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Isoptera and Diptera,Pheidole *** *** were the only species to also hunt many orthopteran *** agroecosystem-inhabiting ant speci

关键词： niche partitioning temporal niche Prey diversity Annual cropping system

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Shifts in hydropower operation to balance wind and solar will modify effects on aquatic biota

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第3期1卷 88-98页

作者： Henriette I.Jager Thushara De Silva Rocio Uria-Martinez Brenda M.Pracheil Jordan Macknick Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831-6038USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCOUSA

To avoid negative consequences to freshwater biota from climate change,society must complete the transition from fossil to renewable electricity ***,temporal patterns in hydropower generation(and flow releases that affect aquatic biota)may change with increased wind and solar *** used power cost modeling to characterize current and future within-day and seasonal patterns in hydropower generation across the Eastern Interconnection in a wet and a dry *** to the baseline,future hydropower generation across the grid decreased during the day and increased before dawn and after *** a project level,such a pattern would suggest‘double peaking’operation(up-and down-ramping before dawn and after dusk,with lower releases midday).Variation in generation was higher in wet years than dry years,foreshadowing possible flow constraints on hydropower *** the grid scale,projected ramping rates were higher in all seasons.A review of the ecological literature suggests that these changes would shift the timing of invertebrate drift and elevate the risk of nest scouring during up-ramping and the risk of stranding or dewatering during down *** conditions may be moderated by increased *** for adapting to future shifts in the renewable portfolio range from re-regulation in reservoir cascades to providing flow refuge(structures and vegetation)below individual *** basin-scale operation can distribute peaking operation to maintain grid support while restricting local ramping at critical ecological *** addition,research to design hybrid renewable systems that add battery storage is needed to understand how we can mitigate future risks to aquatic communities while promoting the use of renewable *** study,which is among the first to examine ecological side-effects of the shift to renewable energy in freshwater ecosystems,lays out a path toward understanding and navigating changes to flow regime

关键词： Wind Solar Hydropower Hydropeaking temporal niche Double peaking Ramping Stranding Dewatering PLEXOS

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