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Neuropsychologic Testing in Chiasmal Patients Exhibiting Inattention in the temporal Visual Space during Monocular Visual Testing

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2017年第1期7卷 21-30页

作者： Hans C. Fledelius Hanne Udesen Eye Clinic Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark Neurology Department Section Neuropsychology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark

Objective: By means of neuropsychologic tests, to further analyse a specific chiasmal monocular visual testing behaviour, here labelled temporal blocking because of the elective ignorance of optotypes on the temporal side of the chart. Often it is combined with impairment of reading and other cognitive impairments. Methods: Eighteen patients with lesions to the chiasm and some degree of temporal blocking aged 24 - 76 years underwent: 1) tests for visual neglect (Gothenburg test;behavioural inattention tests: star cancellation;line bisection);2) visuo-perceptual tests;and 3) a test involving reading a crowded ten-letter and cipher bar. Results: The temporal blocking in two patients recovered after emergency neurosurgery and their results were normal when subsequently tested. Of the 16 patients with deficiencies, 14 had a poorer left eye (p Conclusions: The best neuropsychologic tests appeared to be those for visual neglect and the crowded bar test. In most cases, the right cerebral hemisphere’s lack of some crossed information from the left eye, usually needed for normative saccades and adjustment to visual space, may be a factor underlying the specific visual behaviour.

关键词： Lesions to the Optic Chiasm Visual Blocking to the temporal Side Neglect-Like Behaviour Neuropsychologic Testing

Spatial and temporal Variations in Available Soil Nitrogen—A Case Study in Kobresia Alpine Meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第3期7卷 177-189页

作者： Li Lin Guangmin Cao Fawei Zhang Xun Ke Yikang Li Xingliang Xu Qian Li Xiaowei Guo Bo Fan Yangong Du Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining China College of Life Science Luoyang Normal University Luoyang China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Elucidating the factors that determine the effects of temporal and spatial variation of nutrients is important for analyzing the characteristics of an ecosystem. The goal of this paper was to estimate how values obtained using a particular sampling approach correlated with the actual data for an entire plot. The mesh partition method was employed to divide an integrated observing field (IOF) located at the Haibei National Field Research Station of an alpine grassland ecosystem, China, into 25 subplots. Five of the 25 subplots were randomly selected for soil sampling and to determine the source of variations in soil nutrient content from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that, contributions of temporal and spatial variation in available nitrogen in the 0 - 10 cm soil layer accounted for 47.3% and 52.7%, respectively. The contribution of spatial variance was higher than that of temporal variance especially in the surface soil layers. The available soil nitrogen content in the alpine meadow was not obviously affected by fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. Increasing the number of samples could reduce calculation errors in measuring available soil nitrogen content, while collecting a reasonable number of samples can save time and labor.

关键词： Available Soil Nitrogen Source of Nutrient Variation temporal Variation Spatial Variation Alpine Meadow

Superficial temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass and Endovascular Parent Artery Occlusion in the Treatment of Giant Intracranial Aneurysms

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2018年第2期8卷 147-161页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbe Aimée Redondo Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Service of Neurosurgery CHU of Beaujon Clichy Paris France

The authors are reporting on a study drawn from unpublished dissertation done by the corresponding author when he completed his neurosurgical training in Paris, France in 2004, few years before the advent of flow diverters. The study was a retrospective review of giant intracranial aneurysms treated by superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass combined with endovascular occlusion of the parent artery. From 1990 to 2003, 29 consecutive cases of giant cerebral aneurysms, not suitable to selective treatment were managed in that way. Twenty-one medical records had enough data to allow objective evaluation. Sixteen female and five male patients bearing 21 giant aneurysms were involved. Their mean age was 46 years. The aneurysm was revealed by mass effect in 13 cases and subarachnoid hemorrhage in one case. On admission 19 patients presented with unruptured aneurysms and two have sustained a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The balloon occlusion test before the bypass operation was not tolerated in 18 patients. The treatment was completed in 19 patients and 17 of them had parent artery occlusion with latex detachable balloons. The only death of the series occurred before the endovascular treatment. The mean follow-up period was 30 months. After completion of the treatment, 16 (84%) patients had no symptom. Aneurysm recanalization or rupture was not observed after the parent artery occlusion. With the combination of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass + endovascular parent artery occlusion, 90% of giant intracranial aneurysms untreatable selectively were permanently excluded with a good outcome in 95%.

关键词： Giant Cerebral/Intracranial Aneurysm Superficial temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Balloon Test Occlusion Parent Artery Occlusion Flow-Diversion

Functional and Structural Alterations in temporal Lobe Tumor Patients: Evidence of Functional Compensation in the Human Brain

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Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition) 2018年第3期27卷 109-125页

作者： XUE Li YANG Yu-xuan LING Tao YANG Ya-min QIAN Zhi-yu Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Automation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Patients with temporal lobe tumor are frequently accompanied by cognitive impairments. This study aims to combine diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) with resting-state functional magnetic resonance image(fMRI) to explore the underlying cognitive alternation and functional reorganization in patients with temporal lobe tumor.Twenty patients with right temporal lobe tumor and seventeen healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Independent component analysis(ICA) was utilized to divide the whole brain into six sub functional networks, and DTI combined with graph-based topological analysis was used to calculate the structural properties of whole-brain and sub functional networks. Besides, the rich hubs in both patients and healthy controls(HCs)were identified and a further analysis of their internal functional and structural connectivity was also conducted. The E_(global) in self-referential network(SRN) of patients is higher than HCs, while decreased E_(global) of dorsal attention network(DAN) and default mode network(DMN) were found in patients. For the patients, brain regions with increased nodal efficiency(E_(nodal)) were located in the frontal lobe(corresponding to SRN). Six identical hubs were found in two groups. Compared patients with HCs, significant between-group differences in both functional and structural connectivity were observed between right insula(INS.R) and right lenticular nucleus, putamen(PUT.R). The findings provide evidence that impaired cognition are closely related to functional and structural abnormalities and the compensatory roles of frontal lobe were also identified in patients.The proposed combination of DTI and f MRI promises a widespread utilization in clinical research on the mechanisms of neurological diseases.

关键词： temporal lobe tumor resting state f MRI diffusion tensor imaging compensatory mechanism

Possible roles of electrical synapse in temporal information processing: A computational study

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2008年第1期1卷 27-36页

作者： Xu-Long Wang Xiao-Dong Jiang Pei-Ji Liang Department of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

temporal information processing in the range of tens to hundreds of milliseconds is critical in many forms of sensory and motor tasks. However, little has been known about the neural mechanisms of temporal information processing. Experimental observations indicate that sensory neurons of the nervous system do not show selective response to temporal properties of external stimuli. On the other hand, temporal selective neurons in the cortex have been reported in many species. Thus, processes which realize the temporal-to-spatial transformation of neuronal activities might be required for temporal information processing. In the present study, we propose a computational model to explore possible roles of electrical synapses in processing the duration of external stimuli. Firstly, we construct a small-scale network with neurons interconnected by electrical synapses in addition to chemical synapses. Basic properties of this small-scale neural network in processing duration information are analyzed. Secondly, a large-scale neural network which is more biologically realistic is further explored. Our results suggest that neural networks with electrical synapses functioning together with chemical synapses can effectively work for the temporal-to-spatial transformation of neuronal activities, and the spatially distributed sequential neural activities can potentially represent temporal information.

关键词： model neural network electrical synapse temporal information processing

Spatial and temporal Variation Characteristics of Gale Days in China from 1961 to 2016

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2019年第2期10卷 1-9,14页

作者： Kong Feng School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua University Center for Crisis Management Research Tsinghua University Center for Social Risk Assessment in China Tsinghua University

Based on data of hail days at 2 481 stations during 1961-2016,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and periodic variation of gale days in China and seven geographical regions were analyzed by using a variety of statistical methods. The results showed that: in time,the gale days in China and the seven geographical areas all showed a decreasing trend from 1961 to 2016. In the Tibet( Southeast China and Southwest China) region,the annual number of single-station gale days was the most( least),but the decrease ratio was the least( most). In the significance oscillation period,it was 14 years in the whole country,60 years in Northeastern China,Northern China and east part of Northwestern China,7,14 and 60 years in the west of Northwestern China,Southwestern China and Southeastern China,7 and 60 years in the Tibet region. The mutation of gale days generally occurred in 1991,1993,1989,1997,1986,1997,1992 and 1984 in the whole country,Northeastern China,Northern China,east part of Northwestern China,west part of Northwestern China,Tibet,Southwestern China and Southeastern China,but only the east of Northwestern China and Tibet region passed 0. 05 of significance test. In space,the annual average gale days showed the pattern of southeast low and northwest high in China from 1961 to 2016. The annual average gale days were more abundant in the central and western Tibet,the southern Qinghai,eastern Xinjiang,western Sichuan,northern Inner Mongolia and northern Gansu. These regions were dominated by positive anomaly in the 1970 s and the 1980 s,but negative in other decades. Annual gale days in most regions of China showed a decreasing trend during 1961-2016,and fluctuation presented high in east region and low in west region beside " Hu Huanyong line".

关键词： Climate change Gale days temporal and spatial patterns Variation trends Fluctuation characteristics China

SPATIO-temporal CHANGE OF DROUGHT DISASTER IN CHINA IN RECENT FIFTY YEARS

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2003年第1期 11-17页

作者： Wang Jingai 1,2 , Sun Heng 1, Xu Wei 1 and Zhou Jinju 1 (1. Department of Resource & Environment Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China) SunHui

In this paper, a drought disaster database, based on information from Chinese provincial newspaper, is established. And the spatio temporal pattern of drought disaster from 1949 to 2000 is reconstructed by using technology of digital mapping. The results show that the spatial pattern of drought disaster takes on discrepancy between the east and west of China, the serious disaster area lies in the north, especially in the west of Heilongjiang, the center of Inner Mongolia, the north of Hebei and Shaanxi, Ningxia; in the south of the country, drought disaster area lies in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan, and Guizhou, the east of Sichuan, the center～east of Yunnan. The distribution of drought disaster in China has the tendency of extension to the west. Dynamic change of drought disaster takes on discrepancy between the south and north of the country. The amount of the drought disaster in the north of the Yangtze River is increasing, while the south is decreasing generally or changing invisibly.

关键词： drought disaster amount of the disaster spatio temporal change

Medial temporal lobe volume predicts rate of learning in Rey-AVLT

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2013年第1期2卷 7-12页

作者： Sven-Erik Fernaeus Per Julin Ove Almqvist Lars-Olof Wahlund Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been assigned a central role in human episodic memory and learning. Evidence for this comes from PET and fMRI studies as well as lesion studies. This study aimed at comparing the effect of atrophy at repeated trials of a supraspan test of memory. Included in the study were patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Subjective Memory Disorders as well as Controls (n = 116). The supraspan test used was the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT). Comparisons between extreme groups with high (Stanine 6 - 9) and low (Stanine 1 - 4) intracranial proportions (IP) of MTL were made at the five trials of RAVLT. There was a significantly higher rate of learning among subjects with high MTL IP compared to those with low MTL IP in both hemispheres. There was no difference in the rate of list learning performance due to education or age and interestingly: the list learning rates among subjects with high/low Lateral temporal Lobe IPs were almost similar. The hemispheric differences regarding learning rate were small and insignificant. Results are discussed in terms of hippocampal involvement in associative processes necessary in supraspan list learning.

关键词： Hippocampus Learning Medial temporal Lobe Episodic Memory MRI Atrophy

Assessment of the Spatial and temporal Water Eutrophication for Lake Baiyangdian Based on Integrated Fuzzy Method

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第1期4卷 120-125页

作者： Shuxuan Liang Hong Wu Hongbo Li Yihong Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Science Shijiazhuan China

Water quality evaluation entails both randomness and fuzziness. Considering that water eutrophication evaluation involves many indices, different classifications and interval values, fuzzy variable sets theory was developed to Lake Baiyangdian as a study case. Taking reference to eutrophication standard of Chinese lakes and local characteristic of Lake Baiyangdian, eutrophication degree of lake was divided into 8 levels. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and CODMn were selected as evaluation indices in this research. Based on the measured data, index feature value matrix of sample was built. Index weights were determined by means of pure threshold value method. Relative membership degree of each index to each classification was calculated with relative difference function model. Then the stability of feature value of classification corresponding was received by the comprehensive calculation with the relative membership degree and index weights. The results show that the proposed models are effective tools for generating a set of realistic and flexible optimal solutions for complicated water quality evaluation issues. It concluded that the model was reasonable and practical.

关键词： Eutrophication Evaluation Fuzzy Method Spatial Variation temporal Variation Lake Baiyangdian