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The characteristics of temperature variability with terrain, latitude and longitude in Sichuan- Chongqing Region

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第2期22卷 223-244页

作者： SHAO Jing'an LI Yangbing NI Jiupai College of Geographical Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 400047China College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400716China

Using the daily temperature data of 95 meteorological stations from Sichuan-Chongqing Region and its surrounding areas, this paper adopted these methods （e.g., linear regression, trend coefficient, geographical statistics, gray relational analysis and spatial analysis functions of GIS） to analyze the relations of temperature variability with topography, latitude and longitude. Moreover, the rank of gray correlation between temperature variability and elevation, longitude, latitude, topographic position and surface roughness also was meas- ured. These results indicated：（1） The elevation affected temperature variability most obviously, followed by latitude, and longitude. The slope of the linear regression between temperature change rate and elevation, latitude and longitude was 0.4142, 0.0293 and -0.3270, respectively （2） The rank of gray correlation between temperature change rate and geographic factors was elevation 〉 latitude 〉 surface roughness 〉 topographic position 〉 longitude. The gray correla- tion degree between temperature change rate and elevation was 0.865, followed by latitude with 0.796, and longitude with 0.671. （3） The rate of temperature change enhanced with the increase of elevation. Especially, the warming trend was significant in the plateau and mountain areas of western Sichuan, and mountain and valley areas of southwestern Sichuan （with the warming rate of 0.74℃/10a during the 1990s）. However, there was a weak warming trend in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding low mountain and hilly areas. （4） The effects of latitude on temperature change rate presented the specific regulation, which the warming rate of low-latitude areas was more significant than that of high-latitude areas. However, they were consistent with the regulation that the increasing of low temperature controlled most of the warming trend, due to the effects of terrain and sically, temperature variability along longitude elevation on annual mean temperature. （5） Ba- direction resulte

关键词： temperature variability geographic factors transect analysis grey relation short-term scale Sichuan- Chongqing Region

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Mathematical modeling of the impact of temperature variations and immigration on malaria prevalence in Nigeria

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2021年第8期14卷 215-252页

作者： Eunice E.Ukwajunor Eno E.E.Akarawak Israel Olutunji Abiala Department of Mathematics University of LagosLagos StateNigeria

The study examines the population-level impact of temperature variability and immigration on malaria prevalence in Nigeria,using a novel deterministic *** model incorporates disease transmission by immigrants into the *** the absence of immigration,the model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward *** disease-free equilibrium of the autonomous version of the model was found to be locally asymptotically stable in the absence of infective ***,the model exhibits an endemic equilibrium point when the immigration parameter is greater than *** endemic equilibrium point is seen to be globally asymptotically stable in the absence of disease-induced *** and sensitivity analysis of the model,using parameter values and ranges relevant to malaria transmission dynamics in Nigeria,shows that the top three parameters that drive malaria prevalence(with respect to R_(0))are the mosquito natural death rate(μM),mosquito biting rate(bM)and the transmission rates between humans and mosquitoes(βH,βM).Numerical simulations of the model show that in Nigeria,malaria burden increases with increasing mean monthly temperature in the range of 22–28℃.Thus,this study suggests that control strategies for malaria should be intensified during this *** is further shown that the proportion of infective immigrants has marginal effect on the transmission dynamics of the ***,the simulations suggest that a reduction in the fraction of infective immigrants,either exposed or infectious,would significantly reduce the malaria incidence in a population.

关键词： Malaria immigration basic reproduction number temperature variability stability

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Analysis of the Zonal Mean Atmospheric Climate State in IAP/ LASG GOALS Model Simulations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2002年第6期19卷 1091-1102页

作者：张韬郭裕福吴国雄 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 北京 100029

The results of four versions of IAP/LASG Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model (GOALS) are analyzed separately over the oceans and over continents, and compared with observed data. Some fundamental atmospheric variables including surface air temperature (SAT), sea level pressure (SLP) and precipitation are examined to evaluate the ability of the GOALS model to simulate the contemporary climate and climate variability. In general, all four versions of the GOALS model are capable of reproducing the main features of the mean state and seasonal variation of the observed climate with reasonable accuracy. The evaluation also reveals some weakness of the model. According to this study, we can clearly see that the essential discrepancy of global averaged SLP lies over the continents in boreal summer. The simulated higher SAT over land versus the observed is mainly due to the effect of the land surface process. It is worth noting the underestimation by simulated precipitation rates mostly appears over the oceans, yet over-land precipitation is higher in high and middle latitudes than the observed for the boreal winter. Through intercomparisons among different versions of the model, it can be clearly seen that the incorporation of the diurnal cycle of solar radiation apparently improves the simulation of SAT, especially in the low and middle latitudes over land. Also, the introduction of the diurnal cycle shows a great improvement in precipitation in tropical continents and wintertime precipitation in high and middle latitudes. Furthermore, based on the daily flux anomaly exchange scheme (DFA), the latest version of GOALS model simulated over-ocean temperature variability is improved in the low and middle latitudes. Having compared the standard deviation of the annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) simulated by the GOALS model to observation, it is found that all four versions of the GOALS model underestimate surface air temperature variability over both oceans and

关键词： zonal mean climate state temperature variability air-sea coupling

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Enhanced aboveground biomass by increased precipitation in a central European grassland

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 435-447页

作者： Md Lokman Hossain Carl Beierkuhnlein Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist University15 Baptist University RoadKowloon TongHong Kong Global Change Ecology International Elite Study ProgrammeFaculty of BiologyChemistry and Earth SciencesUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440 BayreuthGermany Department of Environmental Protection Technology German University BangladeshGazipur 1702Bangladesh Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440 BayreuthGermany

Background:Global climate change is projected to increase temperature and alter precipitation pattern,which could affect grassland ***-term observation at a field experiment can be a powerful approach to explore the impacts of climate change on biomass productivity in *** attempting to understand how climatic variability regulates biomass productivity,we analyzed long-term records of temperature and precipitation to examine how variation of temperature and precipitation across 19 years affect biomass ***:We established the experiment with 64 plots in two blocks and planted 31 species in 30 different *** harvested aboveground biomass twice a year,sorted biomass by functional groups,and weighed dry *** site was mown after each *** did not apply any fertilizer and *** linear regression model,we examined the influences of growing season temperature and precipitation on biomass ***:The results showed that aboveground biomass productivity in September and annual were significantly increased in post-drought(2003–2015).The relationships of aboveground biomass productivity with growing season precipitation were significantly *** results showed that aboveground biomass productivity in June and annual were sensitive to growing season *** relationships of aboveground biomass productivity of the functional group of grasses with early growing season temperature were significantly *** growing season precipitation had a significant positive effect on aboveground biomass productivity of the functional groups of grasses and ***-drought aboveground biomass productivity of the functional groups of grasses in June and September were declined,whereas legumes significantly increased,which suggests that the role of dominant grasses may shift by legumes with global climate ***:Our results highlight that early and late growing temperature and precipitat

关键词： Aboveground biomass BIODEPTH experiment Climate change Functional groups Grassland biodiversity Hay meadow Precipitation variability Temperate grassland temperature variability

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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of In Situ Sea Surface temperatures within the Gulf of Mexico from 1901-2010

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American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第3期5卷 314-343页

作者： Jason Allard John V. Clarke III Barry D. Keim Department of Physics Astronomy & Geosciences Valdosta State University Valdosta GA USA Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

This work examines the spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for the period 1901-2010. The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface temperature, version 4 (ERSST.v4), dataset was selected for this study over other reconstructions because of its 2° × 2° grid cell spatial resolution, its recent update to adjust for known biases in SST observations, and its ability to be compared to other in situ studies of GoM SSTs. The monthly ERSST.v4 data were averaged seasonally for each year and grid cell in the GoM. Seasonal SST trends were then calculated for each grid cell with varying start dates (e.g., 1901-2010, 1911- 2010) to account for nonlinear SST changes over the study period. Results indicate that the GoM SSTs closely resemble those of global annual temperature trends: SSTs warmed from 1901 to ~1940, followed by a period with little trend or a slight cooling until the mid-1970s, and then a warming afterwards through 2010. The spatial patterns and magnitudes of SST changes, however, varied by season and location within the GoM. The spatial patterns involved gradients with latitudinal and/or longitudinal components: a southwest-northeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in winter, an east-west (warmer-cooler) gradient in spring and fall, and a northwest-southeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in summer. The magnitude of SST changes tended to be largest in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. The long-term (1901-2010) SST trends were significant throughout the GoM in summer and fall, but only significant towards the southwestern GoM in winter and spring. These results have implications in discussion of climate change and its impacts on tropical activity in the GoM Basin.

关键词： Sea Surface temperature Gulf of Mexico temperature Reconstructions temperature variability

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