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Relationship between the regional tectonic activity and crustal structure in the eastern Tibetan plateau discovered by gravity anomaly

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Earthquake Science 2016年第2期29卷 71-81页

作者： Xiao Xu Rui Gao Xiaoyu Guo Key Laboratory of Earthprobe and Geodynamics MLR Instituteof GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Sinoprobe Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The eastern Tibetan plateau has been getting more and more attention because it combines active faults,uplifting, and large earthquakes together in a high-population region. Based on the previous researches, the most of Cenozoic tectonic activities were related to the regional structure of the local blocks within the crustal scale. Thus,a better understanding of the crustal structure of the regional tectonic blocks is an important topic for further study. In this paper, we combined the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly with the Moho depths from previous studies to investigate the crustal structure in this area. To highlight the crustal structures, the gravity anomaly caused by the Moho relief has been reduced by forward modeling calculations. A total horizontal derivative（THD） had been applied on the gravity residuals. The results indicated that the crustal gravity residual is compatible with the topography and the geological settings of the regional blocks,including the Sichuan basin, the Chuxiong basin, the Xiaojiang fault, and the Jinhe fault, as well as the Longmenshan fault zone. The THD emphasized the west margin of Yangtze block, i.e., the Longriba fault zone and the Xiaojiang fault cut through the Yangtze block. The checkboard pattern of the gravity residual in the SongpanGarze fold belt and Chuandian fragment shows that the crust is undergoing a southward and SE-directed extrusion,which is coincident with the flowing direction indicatedfrom the GPS measurements. By integrating the interpretations, the stepwise extensional mechanism of the eastern Tibetan plateau is supported by the southeastward crustal deformation, and the extrusion of Chuandian fragment is achieved by Xianshuihe fault.

关键词： Eastern Tibetan plateau tectonic activity Crustal structures Gravity anomaly

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Evaluation of relative tectonic activity along the Priene-Sazli Fault(Soke Basin,southwest Anatolia):Insights from geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 909-923页

作者： Savas TOPAL Pamukkale University Department of Geological EngineeringKinikli Campus

The West Anatolia Extensional Zone, which has a width of about 300 km, is located within the Alpine-Himalayan belt and is one of the regions with intense seismic activity in the world. The most important geomorphological structures in this area are three main graben structures resulting from regional N-S extension since the Early Miocene. These structures are the E-W trending Büyük Menderes, Kü?ük Menderes, and Gediz grabens. S?ke Basin is located at the SW end of the Büyük Menderes graben. The lineaments which control the NW of S?ke Basin have a length of approximately 40 km and have been defined as the Priene-Sazl? Fault(PSF). The PSF is seismically active, and the last large earthquake(the S?ke-Balat earthquake; Ms: 6.8) was produced on July 16 th of 1955. The ancient city of Priene, which was located in the study area, suffered from destructive earthquakes(in the 4 th century and 2 nd century BC, in the 2 nd century AD, during the Byzantine period and after the 12 th century BC). This study aims to reveal the effect of the PSF on the morphotectonic evolution of the region and the relative tectonic activity of the fault. To this end, it was the first time the stream length gradient index(SL: 130-1303), mountain-front sinuosity(Smf: 1.15-1.96), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf: 0.27-1.66), drainage basin asymmetry(AF: 0.15-0.76), hypsometric curve(HC) and hypsometric integral(HI: 0.22-0.86) and basin shape index(Bs: 1.04-5.75) along the mountain front that is formed by the PSF. Using a combination of the mountain-front sinuosity(Smf), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf), it is found that the uplift ratio in the region is not less than 0.05 mm/yr and the relative tectonic activity of PSF is high. According to the relative tectonic activity index(Iat) obtained from geomorphic indices, the southwest part of the PSF is relatively more active than the northeast part. As a result, I posit that the PSF has the potential to produce earthquakes in the future similarly to those that were produced

关键词： Geomorphic indices tectonic activity Earthquake Priene-Sazli Fault Soke basin Western Anatolia

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tectonic geomorphology of Türkiye and its insights into the neotectonic deformation of the Anatolian Plate

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Earthquake Research Advances 2024年第1期4卷 23-35页

作者： Yuqiao Chang Yihui Zhang Huiping Zhang Yunnan Earthquake Agency Kunming650216China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China

Quantitative geomorphic analyses are usually powerful in identifying active tectonics across global orogenic belts.Our present study will focus on the Anatolian Plate which hosts a lot of recent catastrophic earthquakes in Türkiye.Six geomorphic indices for 100 sub-basins around Türkiye have been computed including local relief,slope,normalized steepness index(k_(Sn)),hypsometric curve and integral(HI),transverse topographic symmetry factor(Tf),and the basin asymmetry factor(Af).The averaged kSnand Af values have shown four high-value anomalous zones,suggesting relatively high uplift rates featured by high river incision and regional tilting.The values of 0.35≤HItectonic activities along the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ),the Northeast Anatolian Fault Zone(NEAFZ),the East Anatolian Fault Zone(EAFZ),and the Central Anatolian Fault Zone(CAFZ).All results of the geomorphic indices analysis suggest a relatively high degree of tectonic activity in the following four areas,the Isparta Angle,the Eastern Black Sea Mountains,the South-eastern Anatolia Region,and the Central Anatolian fault zone.We further suggest that the eastern part of the NAFZ,NEAFZ,EAFZ,and CAFZ will be more active in tectonic activities,with a greater potential for strong earthquake occurrence.

关键词： Geomorphic indices Quantitative Türkiye tectonic activity

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tectonic control on slow-moving Andean landslides in the Colca Valley,Peru

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1807-1825页

作者： Krzysztof GAIDZIK Jerzy zABA Justyna CIESIELCZUK Institute of Earth Sciences University of SilesiaBedziniska 6041-200 SosnowiecPoland

The Colca Valley in the Central Andes is a region characterized by the occurrence of large slow-moving landslides and a high level of seismic activity.In this study,we aimed to determine passive and active tectonic control on the formation of selected five large landslides in the Colca Valley and to assess geohazard associated with these features.For that purpose,we performed a post-landslide field survey,applied remote sensing techniques,and obtained eyewitness accounts.Recently,the need to understand mass movement processes in this region is even higher due to the establishment of the Colca y Volcanes de Andagua Geopark(Colca and Andagua Volcanoes Geopark).Our results suggest that the studied landslides usually represent a complex failure mechanism,dominated by translational sliding or rotational displacements,commonly associated with the formation of horst-and-graben like structures.We found a spatial correlation between the distribution of landslides and inherited fault network.The head scarps appear to be limited by the WNW-to NW-striking faults,whereas the lateral extent of some of the reported features seems to be connected with the NNE-striking normal faults,common in both,the Mesozoic strata and the Pleistocene-Holocene deposits.

关键词： Landslide Geohazard tectonic activity Earthquake Central Andes Peru

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Study on the effect of underground hot water on fracturing and earthquake activities

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第6期13卷 674-678,718页

作者：宋贯一易立新宋晓冰 Seismological Bureau of Hebei province Shijiazhuang China Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing China

Utilizing the geological exploring information of Houhaoyao area and digital seismic network's data of Huailai area, the author studied the role of underground fluids (hot water) in the fracturing activities and in the processes of seismogeny. The results show that the shear stress between two blocks of the fault is decreased rapidly and the vertical fault throw is obviously increased at the fracture segments where there is underground hot water action. With the vertical fault throw increasing, the shear stress transfers to two ends of the fault at the place where there is no underground hot water action, and the earthquake probably develops at these two ends of the fault.

关键词： underground hot water tectonic activity seismogeny processP

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Earthquake prediction from China's mobile gravity data

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2015年第2期6卷 81-90页

作者： Zhu Yiqing Liu Fang You Xinzhao Liang Weifeng Zhao Yunfeng Liu Lian Second Crust Monitoring and Application Center China Earthquake Administration National Earthquake Infrastructure Service

The relation between plate tectonics and earthquake evolution is analyzed systematically on the basis of 1998-2010 absolute and relative gravity data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China. Most earthquakes originated in the plate boundary or within the fault zone. tectonic deformation was most intense and exhibited discontinuity within the tectonically active fault zone because of the differential movement; the stress accumulation produced an abrupt gravity change, which was further enhanced by the earthquake. The gravity data from China's Mainland since 2000 obviously reflected five major earthquakes （Ms 〉 7）, all of which were better reflected than before 2000. Regional gravity anomalies and a gravity gradient change were observed in the area around the epicenter about 2 or 3 years before the earthquake occurred, suggesting that gravity change may be a seismic precursor. Furthermore, in this study, the medium-term predictions of the Ms7.3 Yutian, Ms8.0 Wenchuan, and Ms7.0 Lushan earthquakes are analytically pre- sented and evaluated, especially to estimate location of earthquake.

关键词： Chinese mainland Gravity change tectonic activity Seismic precursor Medium-term earthquake prediction Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONC）

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Gravity evolution and earthquake activities of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang block

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2004年第Z1期17卷 76-84页

作者：祝意青李辉朱桂芝徐云马 Second Crust Monitoring and Application Center China Earthquake AdministrationXi′an 710054China Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationWuhan 430071China

The relationship between temporal-spatial evolution of gravity and earthquake activity during 1992~2001 has been analyzed systematically by integrally adjusting the gravity observation data of the northeastern edge of Qinghai- Xizang (Qingzang) block. The result shows that the gravity observation data of the northeastern edge of Qingzang block obtained by using the uniform starting datum can completely reflect the precursory gravity information appearing during the seismogenic process. In the genesis stage of an earthquake, regional gravity anomaly appears in a large area, resulting in related local gravity anomaly. The dynamic image of gravity field can clearly reflect the orderly evolution and earthquake activity.

关键词： northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang block gravity evolution tectonic activity seismogenic characteristics

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10Be in quartz gravel from the Gobi Desert and evolutionary history of alluvial sedimentation in the Ejina Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

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Science Bulletin 2010年第33期55卷 3806-3813页

作者： ALDAHAN Ala POSSNERT Gran Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Tandem Laboratory Uppsala University

Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Gobi deserts developed from alluvial sediments in arid regions has great significance in unraveling changes in both tectonic activity and climate.However,such work is limited by a lack of suitable dating material preserved in the Gobi Desert,but cosmogenic 10Be has great potential to date the Gobi deserts.In the present study,10Be in quartz gravel from the Gobi deserts of the Ejina Basin in Inner Mongolia of China has been measured to assess exposure ages.Results show that the Gobi Desert in the northern margin of the basin developed 420 ka ago,whereas the Gobi Desert that developed from alluvial plains in the Heihe River drainage basin came about during the last 190 ka.The latter developed gradually northward and eastward to modern terminal lakes of the river.These temporal and spatial variations in the Gobi deserts are a consequence of alluvial processes influenced by Tibetan Plateau uplift and tectonic activities within the Ejina Basin.Possible episodes of Gobi Desert development within the last 420 ka indicate that the advance/retreat of alpine glaciers during glacial/interglacial cycles might have been the dominant factor to influencing the alluvial intensity and water volume in the basin.Intense floods and large water volumes would mainly occur during the short deglacial periods.

关键词： 10Be Gobi Desert alluvial fan Ejina Basin tectonic activity climate

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Regional Hypsometric Analysis of the Jordan Rift Drainage Basins (Jordan) Using Geographic Information System

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第10期6卷 1312-1343页

作者： Yahya Farhan Rami Mousa Arij Dagarah Durgham Shtaya Department of Geography University of Jordan Amman Jordan

This research is intended to assess the regional pattern of hypsometric curves (HCs) and hypsometric integrals (HIs) for the watersheds draining into the Jordan Rift (River Jordan, the Dead Sea, and Wadi Araba watersheds). Hypsometric analysis was performed on 22 drainage basins using ASTER DEM (30 m resolution) and GIS. The area-elevation ratio method was utilized to extract the hypsometric integral values within a GIS environment. A prominent variation exists in the HC shapes and HI values. The highest hypsometric values are found for the Dead Sea ( = 0.87) and River Jordan ( = 0.77) watersheds. Whereas the lowest values ( = 0.51) characterized Wadi Araba catchments, except Wadi Nukhaileh (lower Wadi Araba) which yields an HI value of 0.26. Seventeen HCs pertained to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea watersheds evince remarkably upward convex shapes indicating that such drainage basins are less eroded, and at the youth-stage of the geomorphic cycle of erosion. Catchments draining to Wadi Araba are of intermediate HI values (0.41 - 0.58) which are associated with a balance, or dynamic equilibrium between erosion and tectonic processes. Accordingly, they correspond to a late mature stage of geomorphic development. Additionally, Wadi Nukhaileh yields the lowest HI value (0.26) and is associated with highly eroded terrain of late mature geomorphic evolution, approaching an old stage therefore, with distorted concave upward curves. High HI values indicate that these watersheds have been subjected to tectonic uplift, down faulting of the Rift and intense rejuvenation. Differences in HI values can be attributed to disparity in tectonic uplift rate, base level heights, and mean heights of the River Jordan watersheds, the Dead Sea and Wadi Araba watersheds, and variation in lithology, which caused noticeable differences in rejuvenation processes, and channel incision. Regression analysis reveals that R2 values which represent the degree of control of driving parameters on HI, are positive and generally low (r

关键词： Hypsometric Analysis tectonic activity GIS ASTER DEM Regression Analysis Jordan Rift

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10Be in quartz gravel from the Gobi Desert and evolutionary history of alluvial sedimentation in the Ejina Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

10Be in quartz gravel from the Gobi Desert and evolutionary ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学...

作者： ALDAHAN Ala POSSNERT Gran Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala S-75236Sweden Tandem Laboratory Uppsala UniversityUppsala S-75121Sweden

Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Gobi deserts developed from alluvial sediments in arid regions has great significance in unraveling changes in both tectonic activity and climate.However,such work is limited by a lack of suitable dating material preserved in the Gobi Desert,but cosmogenic Be has great potential to date the Gobi deserts.In the present study,Be in quartz gravel from the Gobi deserts of the Ejina Basin in Inner Mongolia of China has been measured to assess exposure ages. Results show that the Gobi Desert in the northern margin of the basin developed 420 ka ago,whereas the Gobi Desert that developed from alluvial plains in the Heihe River drainage basin came about during the last 190 ka.The latter developed gradually northward and eastward to modern terminal lakes of the river.These temporal and spatial variations in the Gobi deserts are a consequence of alluvial processes influenced by Tibetan Plateau uplift and tectonic activities within the Ejina Basin.Possible episodes of Gobi Desert development within the last 420 ka indicate that the advance/retreat of alpine glaciers during glacial /interglacial cycles might have been the dominant factor to influencing the alluvial intensity and water volume in the basin. Intense floods and large water volumes would mainly occur during the short deglacial periods.

关键词： 10Be Gobi Desert alluvial fan Ejina Basin tectonic activity climate

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