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Optimal design of hybrid renewable-energy microgrid system:a techno-economic-environment-social-reliability perspective

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 66-83页

作者： Manoj Gupta Annapurna Bhargava Electrical Engineering Department Rajasthan Technical UniversityKotaRajasthan 324010India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department IPS Academy Institute of Engineering and Science IndoreMadhya Pradesh 452012India

The main objective of this paper is to select the optimal model of a hybrid renewable-energy microgrid(MG)system for a village in *** MG comprises solar photovoltaic(PV)modules,a wind turbine generator,a biomass generator,a battery bank,a diesel generator and an electric *** optimal model selection is based on technical,economic,environmental,social and reliability parameters.A novel spoonbill swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to select the best hybrid MG *** optimization results are compared with particle swarm optimization,the genetic algorithm and the grasshopper optimization *** number or size of components of the optimized MG system is 215 PV modules,92 kW of wind turbine generation,25 kW of biomass generation,267 batteries,22 kW of electric vehicles and 30 kW of diesel *** optimized system was selected based on technical factors such as renewable dispersion(93.5%),the duty factor(5.85)and excess energy(15975 kWh/year)as well as eco-nomic considerations including the net present cost(Rs.34686622)and the cost of energy(9.3 Rs./kWh).Furthermore,environ-mental factors such as carbon emissions(396348 kg/year)and atmospheric particulate matter(22.686 kg/year);social factors such as the human progress index(0.68411),the employment generation factor(0.0389)and local employment generation(15.64643);and reliability parameters including loss of power supply probability(0.01%)and availability index(99.99%)were considered during the selection *** spoonbill swarm optimization algorithm has reduced the convergence time by 1.2 times and decreased the number of iterations by 0.83 times compared with other *** performance of the MG system is validated in the MATLAB®*** results show that the MG system is the optimal system considering technical,economic,environmental,social and reliability ***,the spoonbill swarm optimization algorithm is found to be more efficient than the other

关键词： cost of electricity microgrid reliability spoonbill techno-economic

techno-economic and Sustainability Analysis of Potential Cooling Methods in Irish Data Centres

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2021年第3期10卷 35-54页

作者： Lee Gibbons Tim Persoons Sajad Alimohammadi School of Mechanical and Design Engineering Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Mechanical Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

11% of Irish electricity was consumed by data centres in 2020. The Irish data centre industry and the cooling methods utilised require reformative actions in the coming years to meet EU Energy policies. The resell of heat, alternative cooling methods or carbon reduction methods are all possibilities to conform to these policies. This study aims to determine the viability of the resell of waste heat from data centres both technically and economically. This was determined using a novel application of thermodynamics to determine waste heat recovery potential in Irish data centres, and the current methods of heat generation for economical comparison. This paper also explores policy surrounding waste heat recovery within the industry. The Recoverable Carnot Equivalent Power (RCEP) is theoretically calculated for the three potential cooling methods for Irish data centres. These are air, hybrid, and immersion cooling techniques. This is the maximum useable heat that can be recovered from a data centre rack. This study is established under current operating conditions which are optimised for cooling performance, that air cooling has the highest potential RCEP of 0.39 kW/rack. This is approximately 8% of the input electrical power that can be captured as useable heat. Indicating that Irish data centres have the energy potential to be heat providers in the Irish economy. This study highlighted the technical and economic aspects of prevalent cooling techniques and determined air cooling heat recovery cost can be reduced to 0.01 €/kWhth using offsetting. This is financially competitive with current heating solutions in Ireland.

关键词： Ireland Data Centres techno-economic Novel Cooling Methods Heat Resell Sustainability Energy Demand

techno-economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation: A Review

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2012年第4期3卷 266-274页

作者： Majid Jamil Sheeraz Kirmani Mohammad Rizwan Department of Electrical Engineering Delhi Technological University New Delhi India. Department of Electrical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India

With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is feared that the world will soon run out of its energy resources. This is a matter of concern for developing countries whose economy heavily leans on its use of energy. Under the circums-tances it is highly desirable that renewable energy resources should be utilized with maximum conversion efficiency to cope with the ever increasing energy demand. Furthermore, the global economic and political conditions that tend to make countries more dependent on their own energy resources have caused growing interest in the development and use of renewable energy based technologies. In terms of its environmental advantages, renewable energy sources generate electricity with insignificant contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere and they produce no pollutant discharge on water or soil and hence power generation from renewable becomes very important. Major types of renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro and biomass, all of which have huge potential to meet future energy challenges. Solar photovoltaic technology in one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that have been adopted worldwide for meeting the basic needs of electricity particularly in remote areas. In this paper literature review pertaining to techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation is discussed. The literature is basically classified into the following three main category design methods, techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation, performance evaluations of various systems.

关键词： Solar Photovoltaic Power techno-economic Feasibility Performance Evaluation System Design Methods

techno-economic Analysis of UMTS900 and UMTS2100 for Rural Connectivity in Tanzania

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Techno-economic Analysis of UMTS900 and UMTS2100 for Rural C...

Modifying Plant Oils for Use as Fuel in Rural Contexts Tanzania: techno-economic Analysis

2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on Communication technology

作者： Fatuma Simba Lena Trojer Bakari Mwinyiwiwa Nerey Mvungi Emmanuel Mjema Blekinge Institute of technology Karlshamn Sweden University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Rural areas of the developing countries lack Information and Communication technology （ICT） infrastructures such as access network,also known as last mile connectivity,to deliver ICT *** lack of connectivity is due to high cost of implementing ICT *** technologies are envisioned as candidates for rural *** are not only easier and faster to deploy but also cheaper than the wired *** paper presents a techno- economic analysis of two wireless technologies in Tanzania,called third generation （3G） implemented at 900MHz and at 2100MHz frequency *** of techno-economic analysis are to investigate economic feasibility and to determine a cost effective option between the two connectivity *** show that,3G at 900HMz is a feasible and cost - effective connectivity technology in *** results can be generalized to other developing countries,since rural areas pose similar characteristics with regard to ICT infrastructure development.

关键词： Rural Areas techno-economic UMTS.

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2014年第2期2卷 43-56页

作者： Happiness Mlay Jamidu H. Y. Katima Ruwaichi J. A. Minja College of Engineering and technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

techno-economic analysis of a small-scale Modified Plant Oil (MPO) production plant that has an annual production capacity of 15,072,741 kg of MPO (batch process) was carried out to estimate the capital and operating costs of a plant. The analysis was done by using a computer model that was designed and simulated with an aid of SuperPro Designer (Version 4.32) software. The specified feedstock was crude Jatropha oil (JO) and the main product was MPO. The major processes involved were degumming, neutralisation and blending. Degumming involved the removal of gums or phospholipids, and two methods were used: water degumming and acid degumming, whereas blending involved mixing of degummed or purified JO with natural gas condensate (NGC) modifier to lower the viscosity of JO. From techno-economic analysis of the process, it was found that the total capital investment of a plant was about US $ 10,222,000 and the predicted unit production cost of MPO was US $ 1.315/kg at a value of US $ 1.0/kg of JO. The economic feasibility of MPO production was found to be highly influenced by the price of feedstock, which contributed about 95% of the total annual production cost. The relationship between plant throughput and unit cost of producing MPO showed that unit production cost was very sensitive to production rate at low annual throughputs. The MPO cost showed a direct linear relationship with the cost of JO, with a change of US $ 0.50/kg of MPO in MPO cost in every change of US $ 0.50/kg of JO in JO price. The process technology simulated was found to be economically viable and can be implemented in rural setting, taking into consideration Tanzania’s rural situation.

关键词： Modified Plant Oil Natural Gas Condensate Jatropha Oil techno-economic Analysis

Identification of techno-economically Viable Crop Residue Utilization in India

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2021年第2期11卷 94-104页

作者： Shahabaddine Sokhansanj Yogender Kumar Yadav Anthony Lau Yadvika Mahmood Ebadian Kanishk Verma University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada CCS Haryana Agricultural University Haryana India

India generates more than 140 million tonnes of surplus crop residue every year In Haryana, the agricultural sector alone produces 24.64 million tonnes of residue annually;of which only 71% is consumed in various domestic and commercial activities within the state. The rest of the material is burned causing severe contamination of air with smoke. There is an urgent need to identify suitable and sustainable conversion technologies that are efficient, eco-friendly as well as cost-effective for managing the huge available biomass not only in the state but also in the country. This paper reviews briefly the available crop residue and quantities burned, proposes a scheme to incorporate part of the residue in the field for its fertilizer value. The remaining biomass is harvested for animal feed and the excess is converted to bioenergy and biofuels. Among the developed and developing biofuels, the paper identifies biogas production from biomass for on-farm use. Pelletization is identified as an enabling technology to provide high quality feedstock for conversion to heat/power and in near future to advanced biofuels.

关键词： India Crop Residue Crop Burning Environment Harvest Collection Pellets Biogas techno-economic Advanced Biofuels

An economic analysis of twenty light olefin production pathways

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 193-202页

作者： Zhitong Zhao Jingyang Jiang Feng Wang State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals College of ChemistryFaculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A comprehensive economic analysis of twenty light olefin production pathways has been performed,covering current and promising processes from fossil(petroleum,coal and natural gas)and renewable resources(biomass and CO_(2)).Taking steam cracking of naphtha as the benchmark,this study gives an economic perspective and points out the bottleneck in different olefin production *** assessment indicates that nearly all renewable pathways are economically unattractive currently and the raw material cost accounts for dominant contribution in most pathways,especially in the oil-,natural gas-and CO_(2)-derived *** the ways of methanol-to-olefins and methanol-to-propylene,fossil pathways are cost-competitive according to the date of current Chinese market ***,the price of feedstock hydrogen needs to be lowered by 55%to fill the cost gap between CO_(2)-derived pathways and the *** the ways of oxidative coupling of methane and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins,fossil pathways enable cost-competitive processes by feedstock price fall,but further process improvement is required to approach benchmark in renewable ***,a decrease in ethanol price by45%can make ethanol dehydration pathway *** addition,costs can reduce by 4%-23%in different pathways as the production scales expand from 100 to 1000 kt/a,resulting in a change from high cost to economic profit for some of the *** results quantify the need for improvements on feedstock price,scale size and process improvement to achieve competitive production costs.

关键词： Ethylene Propylene Olefin techno-economic Conceptual design

Process design and economic analysis of methacrylic acid extraction for three organic solvents

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第12期27卷 2909-2916页

作者： Jie Li Zhijian Peng Chunshan Li Ping Li Rafiqul Gani School of Engineering and technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsZhongke Langfang Institute of Process EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNingxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China PSE for SPEED Skyttemosen 6DK-3450 AllerodDenmark

In this work,a techno-economic study for the solvent based extraction of methacrylic acid from an aqueous solution is *** involved phase equilibrium calculations in process design are verified by measured experimental ***,experiments are conducted with different solvent candidates to measure LLE(liquid–liquid equilibrium)data and to establish the effects of extraction temperature and dosage of ***,the binary interaction parameters for the UNIQUAC model to be used for equilibrium calculations are fine-tuned with measured ***,a process for the solvent based extraction of methacrylic acid recovery is designed and verified through simulation with the regressed UNIQUAC model *** optimal configuration of the process flowsheet is determined by minimizing the total annualized *** the three solvent candidates considered-cyclohexane,hexane and toluene-the highest efficiency and the lowest total annualized cost is found with toluene as the solvent.

关键词： Extraction Methacrylic acid Optimization techno-economic analysis

Power plant selection in a carbon constrained world the TERA(technoeconomic environmental risk analysis)

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航空动力学报 2009年第4期24卷 896-902页

作者： Stephen Ogaji Pericles Pilidis Vishal Sethi Department of Power and Propulsion School of Engineering Cranfield University

There is an increasing concern that current trends of consumption of natural resources cannot *** is imperative that major targeted investments are made into economical and reliable environment friendly propulsion and power *** novel and promising concepts are being *** selection of the best candidates to pursue for investment becomes a very difficult choice.A detailed TERA(techno-economic environmental risk analysis) framework is described here to quantify risks and to compare and rank competing schemes on a formal and consistent *** technique is based on detailed and rigorous thermodynamic representations of power plants.A layer of environment,economic,weather and other models to describe the appropriate local conditions is superimposed to *** outcome is a techno-economic environmental risk analysis framework with appropriate detail of each power plant as applied to the appropriate *** results for each concept can then be compared and contrasted to make appropriate selections.

关键词： TERA(techno-economic environmental risk analysis) techno-economic risk analysis gas turbine multi-disciplinary optimisation(MDO)