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The Effect of Variable Electricity tariffs in the Household on Usage of Household Appliances

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第4期4卷 353-365页

作者： Rainer Stamminger Verena Anstett Household and Appliance Technology Section Institute for Agricultural Engineering University of Bonn Bonn Germany.

Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, real-life experience with this tool is rare. It was therefore the objective of this study to investigate under more realistic conditions how consumers are able and willing to adjust their residential energy consumption under the conditions of flexible energy tariffs with and without the support of intelligent smart appliances. Sixty-seven households in Germany within an experimental design with fictive tariff model (August 11 to July 12) driven by RWE Effizienz GmbH, as the energy utility, and Miele & Cie.KG, as the appliance manufacturer, were equipped with intelligent smart meters and 41 of them also with smart appliances (washing-machine and tumble-dryer). As a first part of the experiment, the energy tariff changed per hour and day by day, depending on the forecast of the availability of renewable energy in Germany between 10 €-Cent and 40 €-Cent per kWh. Consumers could respond to this change by adjusting the operation of their energyconsuming appliances either by themselves or—with the smart appliances—by a programmed start at low tariffs. The behaviour of the 41 consumers with smart appliances and their motivation are intensively investigated and analysed during this running two year project including several questionnaires. The consumers had to fill out daily a diary about the usage of their washing-machine, tumble-dryer, dishwasher and ironing devices. These data were matched with the actual tariff. This did allow identifying if and to which extend the consumers adjust their household activities depending on availability of solar and wind energy. These data were also used to calculate the cost savings by using the flexible tariff. In comparison to the costs of the fixed tariff of 25 €-Cent per kWh savings of 25% were realised on average. The results of a first phase already show that flexible

关键词： Smart Appliances Consumer Behaviour Flexible Energy tariffs Demand Side Management Demand

tariffs on China Will Hurt U.S. Businesses

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Beijing Review 2019年第23期62卷 40-41页

Kevin Cheung, vice preside nt of a New York-based clothing firm, recently twisted his ankle and is steadily recovering from an intense burning sensation. Yet there are no signs of the easing of the "slow bum" that his... 详细信息

关键词： tariffs China Will Hurt U.S. Businesses

More tariffs on Chinese Goods Are a Blow To U.S. Fashion Industry

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Beijing Review 2019年第35期62卷 40-41页

The apparel industry’s top leaders gathered at the opening ceremony of the China Footwear Pavilion at the Las Vegas MAGIC Trade Show on August 12 to support maintaining strong trading ties with the Asian country and ... 详细信息

关键词： China Footwear Pavilion Las Vegas MAGIC Trade Show opposition to the U.S.Governments escalating tariffs

A Novel Model of Intelligent Electrical Load Management by Goal Programming for Smart Houses, Respecting Consumer Preferences

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第10期5卷 622-627页

作者： Armin Dehnad Hamed Shakouri Shakouri Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries Innovation Department of Industrial Engineering Mazandaran University of Science and Technology Babol Iran School of Industrial and Systems Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Energy management is being highly regarded throughout the world. High-energy consumption in residential buildings is one of the dominant reasons of excessive energy consumption. There are many recent works on the demand-side management (DSM) and smart homes to keep control on electricity consumption. The paper is an intelligence to modify patterns, by proposing a time scheduling consumers, such that they can maintain their welfare while saving benefits from time varying tariffs;a model of household loads is proposed;constraints, including daily energy requirements and consumer preferences are considered in the framework, and the model is solved using mixed integer linear programming. The model is developed for three scenarios, and the results are compared: the 1st scenario aims Peak Shaving;the 2nd minimizes Electricity Cost, and the 3rd one, which distinguishes this study from the other related works, is a combination of the 1st and 2nd Scenarios. Goal programming is applied to solve the 3rd scenario. Finally, the best schedules for household loads are presented by analyzing power distribution curves and comparing results obtained by these scenarios. It is shown that for the case study of this paper with the implementation of 3rd scenario, it is possible to gain 7% saving in the electricity cost without any increasing in the lowest peak power consumption.

关键词： Building Automation Demand Side Management Energy Efficiency Smart Homes Time of Use tariffs

Instruments for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Water Resources in the Baikal Natural Area

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第6期3卷 39-44页

作者： Taisiya Bardakhanova Svetlana Ayusheeva Zinaida Goryunova Laboratory of Nature Management Economics Baikal Institute for Nature Management Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ulan-Ude Russia

The present paper contains the results of a review of economic instruments for water resources management in the Republic of Buryatia prepared under the OECD project “Improving the use of economic instruments for water management in the Republic of Buryatia (Lake Baikal basin)” and aimed at supporting the policy dialogue on water in Russia, in cooperation with the EU Water Initiative. Based on the analysis, some recommendations were developed for improving the use of instruments for water resources management in the Republic of Buryatia as a part of the Baikal Natural Area.

关键词： Economic Instruments Water Resources tariffs Paying for Water as a Resource Pollution Charges Budget Financing the Baikal Natural Area the Republic of Buryatia

Sustainability on Energy Governance: Recent Trends of the Electricity Sector in Azerbaijan

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Economics World 2019年第2期7卷 75-95页

作者： Aitor Ciarreta Elshan Ahmadov University of the Basque Country BilbaoSpain Academy of Public Administration BakuAzerbaijan

Our aim is to analyze sustainability on energy governance,recent trends of the electricity sector in Azerbaijan,in particular,the degree of efficiency of the electricity system and the tariff structure to give recommendations for future development and perspectives of energy sector development in Azerbaijan.We argue that government policy should be oriented towards identification of those factors that seek energy efficiency for sustainable development,uncover several laws,ensuring energy security,and encourage electricity market.Besides that by comparing electricity tariffs in Azerbaijan with some other European countries,we find advantages in the Azerbaijan-EU partnership on the energy field,thus we propose appropriate forms of cooperation regarding to European Neighborhood Policy.

关键词： sustainable development energy Azerbaijan regulatory authority electricity sector transmission distribution tariffs generation

COMMON GROUND--After the truce at the G20 Summit, China-U.S. trade talks need to restart soon

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Beijing Review 2019年第28期62卷 20-20,21页

作者： Michael Zakkour China/Asia Pacific strategy and global digital practices at consulting firm Tompkins International

Trade relations between China and the United States have been in a downward spiral since talks fell apart in the middle of April. At that time, it seemed as if the two economic superpowers had developed a framework for an agreement on trade, tariffs and technology that would lay the foundation for constructive bilateral relationship building for years to come. Then, as optimistic as the situation seemed to be, it suddenly reversed. Not only was there no deal, but the situation quickly escalated for the worse.

关键词： Trade tariffs economic superpowers

The Effect of U.S-CHINA Trade Dispute on Exports and Imports in the European Union and the European Trade Policy

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The Effect of U.S-CHINA Trade Dispute on Exports and Imports...

作者： Rafa?l BUIL 浙江工商大学

学位级别：硕士

This paper studies the current trade war between China and the US from the EU standpoint.By comparing how the ongoing trade war is affecting the European Union trade from both economic and political perspectives.The trade dispute war can principally be attributed to trade imbalances and rivalry for global economic dominance.As the fundamental conflicts between the top two world economies cannot be easily resolved,we hold a pessimistic view on the settlement of the trade war and by some extent a pessimistic view about the impact on the EU economy.

关键词： Trade War International Trade tariffs Protectionism European Union

Mercantilism in the Trump Era

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Mercantilism in the Trump Era

作者： Joshua Gilmore 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

United States President Donald Trump’s fiery rhetoric has increased the salience behind trade imbalances,pushing the United States towards newly-founded trade conflicts.Longstanding unilateral policy measures have been employed at unprecedented levels to ensure the competitiveness of struggling United States industries.However,this imposition of trade barriers flies in the face of traditional neo-liberal theories,and contrasting methods for employing said policy measures from previous instances suggests a systemic shift in economic philosophy for the United States going forward.This thesis seeks an answer to the forces behind this reorganization into a newly mercantilist sentiment,and suggests that this movement has its roots from before Trump’s election.This systemic realization also promotes the idea that these trade measures are the new normal in American politics as the relative position of the United States is threatened by up and coming nations.Ultimately,the United States will seek to reorganize into a more regional structure,while reducing vulnerabilities to economic competitors brought about by an increased proliferation of interdependence.

关键词： Mercantilism Multilateral Institutions Interdependence China United States Trade War tariffs Trump