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Genetic Testing in Professional Football:Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 49-59页

作者： Alexander B.T.McAuley David C.Hughes Loukia G.Tsaprouni Ian Varley Bruce Suraci homas R.Roos Adam J.Herbert Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology(AISTS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbastonBirmingham B153TNUK

Purpose Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing ***,the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are ***,the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders(i.e.,coaches,practitioners,players).Methods In total,122 participants completed an online anonymous *** consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions,with the option of providing an explanation for each *** Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders(10%)or their respective organisations(14%).However,three quarters(75%)had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the *** majority(72%)believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk,whilst 35%believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification ***,most key stakeholders viewed their own(89%)and their col-leagues’(79%)knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient;mainly due to ineffective current communication methods(91%).Most believed educational workshops are required(71%),whilst nearly all(91%)were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic *** Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football,although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the *** such,educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.

关键词： Soccer talent identification Athlete development Genetics

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Anthropometric and Physical Performance Profiles of High School Age American Football Players: 11th and 12th Grade Japanese Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 25-33页

作者： Daichi Yamashita Shota Yamaguchi Fred Ariel Hernandez Yasuhiro Yuasa Depart of Sports Science Japan Institute of Sports Sciences3-15-1NishigaokaKita-kuTokyo 115-0056Japan Institute of Physical Education Keio University4-1-1HiyoshiKanagawa 223-8521Japan Department of Anthropology University of California-Irvine3203 Social&Behavioral Sciences GatewayIrvineCalifornia 92697-5100USA Faculty of Sports and Health Science Department of Sports Science Daito Bunka University1-9-1 TakashimadairaItabashi-kuTokyo 175-8571Japan

Purpose To compare anthropometric and physical performance profiles of Japanese 11th and 12th grade American football players within each positional *** Fifty-two 11th and 12th grade American football players from two Japanese high schools participated in the study during the summer pre-season *** performed anthropometric(height and body mass)and physical(vertical jump,broad jump,40-yard dash,pro-agility shuttle 4-kg medicine ball chest throw,front throw,and back throw)*** jump momentum and 10-yard sprint momentum were also calculated by multiplying the velocity and body *** were divided into two groups by playing positions:skill players and *** Skill players in the 12th grade were better at medicine ball chest throw(d=0.73,P=0.04)and vertical jump momen-tum(d=0.75,P=0.03)than those in the 11th ***,there were no differences in any measurements(P>0.05)between linemen from the two *** The current study suggests that upper and lower body absolute power and momentum production can be improved for skill players even over 17 years *** the other hand,body size and speed,attributes that did not change between 11th and 12th grades,seem to be essential talent identification criteria in the current *** study is needed to monitor longitudinal performance improvements in implementing talent development programs by focusing on the quality of speed,agility and power development at the youth level.

关键词： Cross-sectional study Physical fitness profile talent identification talent development Long-term athletic development

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Association Between rs1815739 Polymorphism of ACTN3 Gene and Athletic Ability in Chinese Sprinters

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第2期2卷 113-119页

作者： Wenjia Chen Biyu Zhang Yanchun Li Tseching Liang School of PE China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Beijing Sport University Beijing 100084China

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism and to study its association with athletes'level of competition and lower-extremity *** Time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOFMS)and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymor-phism(PCR-RFLP)techniques were employed to identify the ACTN3 rs1815739 genotypes and allele frequencies in 108 elite sprinters and 206 untrained *** were then used to assess subjects'100 m sprint,standing jump(SJ)and standing triple jump(STJ)personal best ***(1)The RR,RX and XX genotype distribution of the ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism is 42.6%,49.1%,8.3%,respectively.R and X alleles frequency is 67.1%and 32.9%,respectively,which comply with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium(HWE)through Chi-square(x2)tests(x2=0.661;df=2;P=0.718).(2)Significant differences were found in R allele fre-quency between the elite sprinter group and controls.(3)The athletes'100 m sprint,SJ,and STJ personal best records were better in those with RR and RX than XX genotype.A significant association was observed between the R alleles and 100 m sprint,SJ,and STJ results of male and female *** The present results indicate that ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism has a significant association with speed and lower-extremity power in sprint/power athletes.

关键词： a-Actinin-3 Sprint Polymorphism Association talent identification

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Speed of Thought and Speed of Feet:Examining Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise and Physical Performance in an English Football Academy

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 88-97页

作者： Adam L.Kelly Mark R.Wilson Daniel T.Jackson Jennifer Turnnidge Craig A.Williams Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre and the College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterSt Luke’s CampusHeavitree RoadExeter EX12LUDevonUK Exeter City Football Club ExeterDevonUK School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

The world's greatest professional football players are able to execute effective tactical decisions as well as fulfil various physical ***,the degree to which both are associated with greater potential in a football academy is ***,the aim of this study was to investigate decision-making skill and physical performance as contributing factors to coach potential rankings in an English football ***-eight outfield academy players(Foundation Development Phase[FDP]under-9 to under-11 n=40;Youth Development Phase[YDP]under-12 to under-16 n=58)participated in the *** engaged in 45 film-based simulations at two occlusion phases(e.g.,the visual display is cut-off at a precise time during an action),firstly"during"and secondly"post"execution,to examine decision-making *** also completed four fitness tests to examine physical performance.A classification of"higher-potentials"(top third)and"lower-potentials"(bottom third)were applied through coach *** t-tests compared the decision-making and physical performance ***-potentials made significantly more accurate decisions within the"post"phase within the FDP(P<0.05)and the"during"phase within the YDP(P<0.05).Additionally,higher-potentials were significantly faster for the 0-30 m sprint in both the FDP and YDP(P<0.05),with higher-potentials within the YDP also significantly faster in the 0-10 m sprint(P<0.05)and jumped significantly higher in the countermovement jump(P<0.05).These findings indicated that greater football potential may be associated with superior perceptual-cognitive expertise and quicker sprint ability in both academy age phases,with a greater discriminatory function within the older cohort.

关键词： Decision-making Sprint ability Fitness testing Academy football talent identification talent development

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拔尖创新人才培养的理论基础和实践思路

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教育学 2024年第5期

作者：戴耘

拔尖创新人才的培养是一个现实而又紧迫的话题，但关于什么是“拔尖创新人才”，如何选拔和培养这类人才，尚缺乏成熟的理论准备和实践引导。文章旨在对创新潜能、发展、成就的理论以及对应的识别、培养、文化支持等社会实践做一个系统... 详细信息

拔尖创新人才的培养是一个现实而又紧迫的话题，但关于什么是“拔尖创新人才”，如何选拔和培养这类人才，尚缺乏成熟的理论准备和实践引导。文章旨在对创新潜能、发展、成就的理论以及对应的识别、培养、文化支持等社会实践做一个系统概要的阐述。第一，在拔尖创新人才的界定上，提出了创新的五种形态和创新人才的两种不同类型。第二，在创新人才的识别问题上，提出了基于人才动态发展观并结合“总体筛选”和“个体考察”的人才识别模式。第三，在发展和培养问题上，提出兼顾成长阶段和领域具体性同时突出“探索未知”和“开放性”的培养模式。第四，在创新成就的文化支持上，探讨了如何在创新实践中营造兼容认知多样性和鼓励自由探索的生态环境。第五，进一步针对现有教育体制提出了五个实践策略上的着眼点。第六，关于教育实践的政策导向，提出了四个基本原则和四种认知误区。

关键词：创新人才创新类型创新潜能心智发展人才识别培养模式创新文化教育政策 creative talent typology of creativity creative potential intellectual development talent identification talent development culture of innovation education policy

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