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Development of an enhanced online tritium monitoring system using plastic scintillation fiber array

NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第10期35卷 1-11页

作者： Cheng, Wen-Yu Deng, Ke Zeng, You-Shi Liu, Wei Zhang, Qin Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Appl Phys Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

tritium, a radioactive nuclide discharged by nuclear power plants, poses challenges for removal. Continuous online monitoring of tritium in water is crucial for real-time radiation data, given its predominant existence in the environment as water. This paper presents the design, simulation, and development of a tritium monitoring device utilizing a plastic scintillation fiber (PSF) array. Experimental validation confirmed the device's detection efficiency and minimum detectable activity. The recorded detection efficiency of the device is 1.6x10-3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1.6\times 10{-3}$$\end{document}, which exceeds the theoretically simulated value of 4x10-4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$4\times 10{-4}$$\end{document} by four times. Without shielding, the device can achieve a minimum detectable activity of 3165BqL-1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$3165\,\hbox {Bq}\,\hbox {L}{-1}$$\end{document} over a 1600-second measurement duration. According to simulation and experimental results, enhancing detection efficiency is possible by increasing the number and length of PSFs and implementing rigorous shielding measures. Additionally, reducing the diameter of PSFs can also improve detection efficiency. The minimum detectable activity of the device can be further reduced using the aforementioned methods.

关键词： tritium Plastic scintillating fiber array Detector WATER SOIL

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Competition of surface reactions of tritium release from irradiated Li_4SiO_4 pebbles

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第5期58卷 839-844页

作者： Chunmei Kang Chengjian Xiao Xiaojun Chen Shuming Peng Xiaolin Wang Science and Technology Information Center China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics China Academy of Engineering Physics

Out-of-pile tritium release experiments were performed on Li4 Si O4 pebbles produced from lithium hydroxide under various compositions of sweep gas(He, 1.1% H2/He) and environmental moisture conditions. The experimental results indicate that tritium gas can be released directly from "dry" Li4 Si O4 under pure He gas. This phenomenon did not happen on "wet" samples, which means that the chemical form of released tritium is sensitive to moisture. Adding H2 to sweep gas may increase the overall desorption rate of tritium gas through H2 isotope exchange reaction, which occurs at a lower temperature than those of directly released tritium gas. Yet, the threshold of the H2 isotope exchange reaction is higher than the desorption reaction of tritiated water. Consequently, the effect of H2 isotope exchange reaction would reduce significantly on water adsorbed Li4 Si O4 samples.

关键词： Li4SiO4 surface reaction tritium H2 isotope exchange reaction

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Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第7期33卷 139-157页

作者： Bin Feng Wei-Hai Zhuo Institute of Radiation Medicine Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics&Ion-Beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China

For a more systematic understanding of the levels of environmental tritium and its behavior in East Asia,a database on environmental tritium was established based on the literature published in the past 30 ***,the levels and behavior of the environmental tritium were further studied by statistical *** results indicate that the distribution of environmental tritium is inhomogeneous and *** areas without nuclear facilities,the level of environmental tritium has decreased to its background level,even though a certain number of atmospheric nuclear tests were performed before *** general,the level of atmospheric tritium was marginally higher than the levels in precipitation and surface water;the levels in shallow groundwater and seawater were considerably ***,the levels of tritium in the atmosphere,precipitation,and inland surface water were strongly correlated with latitude and distance from the *** soil and living organisms,the level of tissue-free water tritium(TFWT)was comparable to the tritium levels in local rainfall,whereas the persistence of organically bound tritium(OBT)in the majority of organisms resulted in an OBT/TFWT ratio greater than ***,extremely high levels of environmental tritium were observed near certain nuclear power plants and the Fukushima accident *** results highlight the requirement to know the tritium baseline level and its behavior in the environment beforehand to better assess the impact of tritium *** investigations of environmental tritium in East Asia using more efficient and adequate monitoring methods are also required.

关键词： tritium Background Nuclear facility Nuclear accident East Asia

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New Mechanism for Enhancing Ash Removal Efficiency and Reducing tritium Inventory

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第1期24卷 155-157页

作者：李承跃邓柏权严建成 School of Physical Electronics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 Southwestern Institute of Physics PO Box 432 Chengdu 610041

A new mechanism is suggested to suppress ash particle back streams in the divertor region of our fusion experimental breeder （FEB） reactor for enhancing the ash removal efficiency and reducing the tritium inventory by applications of the nonlinear effect of high power rf ponderomotive force potential which reflects the platereleased and re-ionized He^＋ back to the plate. Meanwhile, the potential does not hinder α particles, which are coming from scraping of the layer, flowing to the target plate. However, it does stop tritium ions flowing to the target. Based on the FEB design parameters, our calculations have shown that the ash removal efficiency can be improved by as much as 40% if the parallel component of rf field 150-200 V/cm is applied to the location at a perpendicular distance L = 20 cm apart from the plate and the plate-recycling neutral helium atom energy is＇ about 0.75eV, at the same time, the tritium inventory can be reduced to some extent.

关键词： PARTICLES tritium PONDEROMOTIVE force IONS

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A Newly Developed Non-Destructive tritium Measurement Technique and Its Application to V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第6期8卷 741-744页

作者：刘翔陈学 H.HOMMA Y.HATANO M.MATSUYAMA Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Sichuan General Fire Brigade Chengdu 610072China Hydrogen Isotope Research Centre Toyama UniversityGofuku 3190Toyama 930-8555Japan

A non-destructive and in-situ technique for the measurement of tritium in materials, namely β-ray-induced X-ray spectrometry （BIXS）, has been developed recently. In the present study a V-4Cr-4Ti alloy was pre-heated at 1000℃ for 2 h to form a recrystallization structure before the tritium absorption experiments were conducted. Firstly the hydrogen isotope gas was charazterized by means of a quadrupole mass spectrometer （QMS） and a small-sized ionization chamber. Then hydrogen isotope absorption tests of V-4Cr-4Ti alloy were performed at 400 ℃ and the atomic concentration of hydrogen isotope in V-4Cr-4Ti alloy was estimated as 0.17% with a tritium content of approximately 2.5 ppm. Experimental results indicate that BIXS is a quite useful tool for quantitatively measuring the tritium content and tritium distribution in the surface layers of vanadium alloys and no strong trapping effects of tritium exist in the pre-heated V-4Cr-4Ti alloy.

关键词： tritium V-4Cr-4Ti β-ray-induced X-ray spectrometry tritium measurements

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Input function and simulated distributions of tritium in the North Pacific

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 441-453页

作者： BA Qi1,2 & XU YongFu1 1 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

An ocean general circulation model (OGCM) of the North Pacific with a southern open boundary condition is used to simulate the distribution and transport of tritium in the North Pacific. First, the observed tritium in precipitation dataset of GNIP/ISOHIS is chosen, and used to develop an input function of tritium for the model domain from 1951 to 1997 in terms of the triangulation for interpolation. Then, the input function is used as an upper flux for the tritium model. The OGCM with tritium is integrated for 47 years with the initial condition of zero tritium concentrations. Compared with the observations from GEOSECS and WOCE, the model generates a meridional gradient of surface tritium concentrations and the high tritium concentrations in the subsurface layer, which is consistent with that indicated in the observations. The simulated time series of total tritium fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean shows a spike in 1963. The total inventory of tritium in the ocean changes slowly with time after 1975. tritium enters the higher-latitude region, and then is mainly transported by the subsurface process towards the equatorial region, which is well simulated in the model. However, the difference mainly occurs at 30°N–40°N, which can be seen also in the simulation of CFCs. This difference may partly originate from the insufficient description of physical processes in the OGCM. Nevertheless, some uncertainties exist in the development of the tritium input function, which can also influence the simulated results.

关键词： North Pacific basin-wide ocean general circulation model tritium input function tritium distributions

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Trace tritium recovery from the residue of liquid Li_(17)Pb_(83) alloy

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1825-1828页

作者： XIE Bo,YANG TongZai & WENG KuiPing Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China 1. Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China

The liquid Li17Pb83 alloy is a prominent breeder material for use in a fusion *** the design of an effective tritium extraction system for the liquid lithium lead bubbler of the test blanket module of such a reactor,finding ways to strictly limit the losses of tritium and to minimize radioactive risks is very *** this purpose,the isotope exchange process has been investigated as a means of trace tritium recovery from a model of the residue from Li17Pb83 *** results indicate that the isotope exchange process is an effective means of tritium recovery from the residue of Li17Pb83 alloy,and the optimum composition of the exchange carrier gas is He + 0.1% *** exchange temperature and number of exchange steps are the main factors influencing the efficiency of tritium recovery from the *** tritium recovery efficiency increases with increasing exchange temperature and number of times of *** recovery efficiency can approach 80% when the residue is treated six times at 823 K.A gas-liquid two-phase contact model to describe the proceeding of tritium release from the liquid Li17Pb83 alloy has been derived on the basis of this experiment.

关键词： Li17Pb83 alloy tritium recovery isotope exchange carrier

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Electrolytic enrichment method for tritium determination in the Arctic Ocean using liquid scintillation counter

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第9期39卷 73-77页

作者： Feng Lin Tao Yu Wen Yu Jialin Ni Li Lin Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China

A method of measuring the tritium in seawater based on electrolytic enrichment and ultra-low background liquid scintillation counting techniques was *** different factors influencing the detection limit were studied,including the counting time,the electrolytic volume of the seawater samples,the selection of background water,scintillation solution and their *** optimizing the parameters and electrolyzing 350 mL volume of samples,the detection limit of the method was as low as 0.10 Bq/*** order to test the optimization of system for this method,of the 84 seawater samples collected from the Arctic Ocean we measured,92%were above the detection limit(the activity of this samples ranged from 0.10 Bq/L to 1.44 Bq/L with an average of(0.30±0.24)Bq/L).In future research,if we need to accurately measure the tritium activity in samples,the volume of the electrolytic samples will be increased to further reduce the minimum detectable activity.

关键词： tritium liquid scintillation cocktails electrolytic enrichment

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A comparison of two methods used for determination of tritium concentration in urine samples by liquid scintillation counter

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2018年第1期2卷 157-160页

作者： Serdar Dizman Recep Keser Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and ArtsRecep Tayyip Erdogan University53100 RizeTurkey

Background tritium(3H)emits low-energy beta particles with a maximum energy of 18.6 *** scintillation counting technique(LSC)is mostly used for the detection and quantification of low-energy emitters like *** most widely used method to determine the level of tritium in humans is testing *** In this study,tritium activity concentrations in urine samples taken from 20 adults were *** ages range from 23 to *** of them are female,and others are *** tritium activity concentrations in urine samples were determined with two different ***,two standard samples were used to compare urine *** The efficiency values were found with two different methods(26.07%for the first method and 26.14%for the second method).According to the comparison results,the tritium concentration differences between these methods were found in a negligible level for urine samples and in an acceptable level for standard *** The tritium activity concentrations in urine and standard samples were calculated using two different *** to the comparison results,these two methods can be used for determination of tritium concentrations in urine samples.

关键词： Comparison Liquid scintillation counter tritium Urine

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tritium concentrations in precipitation in Shanghai

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第5期29卷 19-24页

作者： Ke Deng Ling Wang Zheng-Hai Xia Yu-Hua Ma Lai-Lai Qin Qin Zhang Jia-Yu Liu Jian Yao Wei Liu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceJiading campusShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 201210China CNCC Nuclear Power Operations Management Co Ltd Haiyan 314300China

tritium concentrations in precipitation can be used as a criterion to evaluate the tritium baseline of the environment. The tritium concentration in precipitation in Shanghai during 2014-2015 was determined. Values ranged from 0.68 ± 0.04 to 4.11 ± 0.39 Bq/L, and it showed a decreasing trend compared with historical data; however,the values were slightly higher than the natural background tritium level. Additionally, the tritium concentration shows a seasonal variation: It was higher in autumn and winter and lower in summer and spring. A comparison of concentrations in precipitation in Shanghai and around the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant reveals no correlation,implying that the nuclear power plant operations may not affect the environment of Shanghai. Thus, the raised tritium concentrations in Shanghai might be due to the effects of monsoons, spring leak, raindrop, or other activities that generate tritium there. Those activities may include chemistry research that uses tritium as a tracer.

关键词： tritium Precipitation Seasonality Origin

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