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Effect of inorganic arsenic in paddy soil on the migration and transformation of selenium species in rice plants

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 35-46页

作者： Ganga Raj Pokhrel Kaiteng Wang Kaiyang Ying Yongchen Wu Ze Wang Xi Zhu Can Qu Hong Li Fengfu Fu Guidi Yang Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCollege of JunCao Science and EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Chemistry Birendra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityChitwan 00977-44200BharatpurNepal Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of Ministry of Education Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food SafetyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China

Selenium(Se)in paddy rice is one of the significant sources of human Se nutrition.However,the effect of arsenic(As)pollution in soil on the translocation of Se species in rice plants is unclear.In this research,a pot experiment was designed to examine the effect of the addition of 50 mg As/kg soil as arsenite or arsenate on the migration of Se species from soil to indica Minghui 63 and Luyoumingzhan.The results showed that the antagonism between inorganic As and Se was closely related to the rice cultivar and Se oxidation state in soil.Relative to the standalone selenate treatment,arsenite significantly(p<0.05)decreased the accumulation of selenocystine,selenomethionine and selenate in the roots,stems,sheaths,leaves,brans and kernels of both cultivars by 21.4%-100.0%,40.0%-100.0%,41.0%-100%,5.4%-96.3%,11.3%-100.0% and 26.2%-39.7% respectively,except for selenocystine in the kernels of indica Minghui 63 and selenomethionine in the leaves of indica Minghui 63 and the stems of indica Luyoumingzhan.Arsenate also decreased(p<0.05)the accumulation of selenocystine,selenomethionine and selenate in the roots,stems,brans and kernels of both cultivars by 34.9%-100.0%,30.2%-100.0%,11.3%-100.0% and 5.6%-39.6%respectively,except for selenate in the stems of indica Minghui 63.However,relative to the standalone selenite treatment,arsenite and arsenate decreased(p<0.05)the accumulation of selenocystine,selenomethionine and selenite only in the roots of indica Minghui 63 by 45.5%-100.0%.Our results suggested that arsenite and arsenate had better antagonism toward Se species in selenate-added soil than that in selenite-added soil;moreover,arsenite had a higher inhibiting effect on the accumulation of Se species than arsenate.

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Inorganic arsenic Selenium species translocation Antagonistic effect

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Knockout of a rice K5.2 gene increases Ca accumulation in the grain

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 252-264页

作者： Peitong Wang Naoki Yamaji Namiki Mitani-Ueno Jun Ge Jian Feng Ma National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki 710-0046Japan

Rice is a staple food for half of the world’s population,but it is a poor dietary source of calcium(Ca)due to the low concentration.It is an important issue to boost Ca concentration in this grain to improve Ca deficiency risk,but the mechanisms underlying Ca accumulation are poorly understood.Here,we obtained a rice(Oryza sativa)mutant with high shoot Ca accumulation.The mutant exhibited 26%-53% higher Ca in shoots than did wild-type rice(WT)at different Ca supplies.Ca concentration in the xylem sap was 36% higher in the mutant than in the WT.There was no difference in agronomic traits between the WT and mutant,but the mutant showed 25% higher Ca in the polished grain compared with the WT.Map-based cloning combined with a complementation test revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by an 18-bp deletion of a gene,OsK5.2,belonging to the Shaker-like K+channel family.OsK5.2 was highly expressed in the mature region of the roots and its expression in the roots was not affected by Ca levels,but upregulated by low K.Immunostaining showed that OsK5.2 was mainly expressed in the pericycle of the roots.Taken together,our results revealed a novel role for OsK5.2 in Ca translocation in rice,and will be a good target for Ca biofortification in rice.

关键词： accumulation biofortification calcium OsK5.2 pericycle rice translocation

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translocation of a Self-propelled Polymer through a Narrow Pore

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第12期40卷 1670-1678,I0010页

作者： Chao Wang Han-Xian Hu Yan-Li Zhou Bin Zhao Meng-Bo Luo Department of Physics Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Recent studies indicate that active polymers often show curious conformational and dynamical properties.Specially,rigid polymers with self-propelled tangential forces can move directionally and even push a cargo.Motivated by this,the tran slocation of an active bead-spring polymer through a narrow pore is studied simulationly in this work.Each bead of the polymer is propelled by a tangential active force(f) along the contour of the polymer.Simulation results show that the active polymer translocates through the pore in a railway-motion manner.The tran slocation velocity v of the polymer is determined only by f,resulting that the translocation time(r) as a function of the polymer length(N)and the active force fcan be expressed as τ∝ Nf,which is independent of the rigidity of the polymer.Our results indicate that the tran slocation dynamics of active polymers is quite different from that of passive polymers.

关键词： Active polymer translocation Dynamics Simulation

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Effect of Solvent Viscosity on the Driven translocation of Charged Polymers through Nanopores

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第5期40卷 532-540页

作者： Han-Xian Hu Fan Wu Xiao Yang Chao Wang Meng-Bo Luo Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Physics Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

The effect of viscosity of non-translocated(cis)side,ηcis,on the driven translocation of charged polymers through nanopores is investigated using Langevin dynamics simulation.Results show that the translocation of polymer chains can be regulated by changingηcis.Asηcis decreases,the translocation timeτdecreases,and the exponentδin the scaling relation with driving force f,τ~f-δ,increases whereasαin the scaling relation with chain length N,τ~Nα,decreases.Simultaneously,the conformation of the polymer chain at the cis side gravitates towards an equilibrium state.The results imply a relationship between the translocation and the conformation of polymer chains.To verify this hypothesis,we change the conformation of polymer by artificially relaxing the translocating polymer via adding an additional relaxation time in the simulation.A sufficient large additional relaxation time for the translocating polymer chain at the cis side only or at both cis and trans sides results in exponentsαandδboth close to 1,in contrast toα=1.36 andδ=0.8 for the translocation without the additional relaxation.The additional relaxation for the polymer chain at the cis side accelerates the translocation and plays a more important role than that for polymer chain at the trans side.

关键词： Polymer Nanopore translocation Langevin dynamics simulation

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Development and characterization of a novel common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line with stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1291-1307页

作者： LI Jiao-jiao ZHAO Li Lü Bo-ya FU Yu ZHANG Shu-fa LIU Shu-hui YANG Qun-hui WU Jun LI Jia-chuang CHEN Xin-hong Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering Breeding College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.

关键词： common wheat disease resistance dough properties rye translocation line

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Chromosome 5P of Agropyron cristatum induces chromosomal translocation by disturbing homologous chromosome pairing in a common wheat background

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 228-237页

作者： Haiming Han Xinyuan Ma Zhen Wang Kai Qi Wenjing Yang Weihua Liu Jinpeng Zhang Shenghui Zhou Yuqing Lu Xinming Yang Xiuquan Li Lihui Li National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Wide hybridization is a strategy for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Because an efficient method for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations will allow producing useful germplasm, it is desirable to discover new genes that induce chromosomal variation. In this study, chromosome 5P from A.cristatum was shown to induce many types of chromosomal structural variation in a common wheat background, including nonhomoeologous chromosome translocations, as revealed by genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA marker analysis. Aberrant meiosis was associated with chromosomal structural variation, and aberrant meiotic behavior was observed in wheat–A.cristatum 5P monosomic and disomic addition lines, suggesting that the effect of chromosome 5P was independent of the number of chromosome 5P copies. Chromosome 5P disturbed homologous chromosome pairing at pachytene stage in a common wheat background, resulting in a high frequency of univalent formation and reduced crossing over. Thirteen genes involved in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling, including RAD52-like and MSH6 genes, were differentially expressed(upregulated) in wheat–A. cristatum 5P addition lines according to transcriptome analysis, implicating chromosome 5P in the process of meiotic double-strand break repair. These findings provide a new, efficient tool for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations and producing new germplasm.

关键词： Agropyron cristatum Wheat Chromosome 5P translocation Chromosome pairing

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translocation of Otostegia bucharica, a highly threatened narrowly distributed relict shrub

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 105-108页

作者： Komiljon Tojibaev Natalia Beshko Sergei Volis Institute of Botany of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

translocation is a recognized means of rescuing imperiled species but the evidence for the long-term success of translocations is limited. We report the successful translocation of reproductive individuals of a critically endangered shrub Otostegia bucharica from a site facing imminent habitat destruction into a nearby natural population of the species. The relocated plants were visited the year after planting and 13 years later to assess short-and long-term plant survival. Significant percentage of plants that survived transplanting shock and very dry spring following transplanting(around 36%), and further decrease of this number in the next 12 years by only 14%, indicated that O. bucharica is amenable to translocation using reproductive plants. Based on results of species distribution modeling, and failed attempts of ex situ cultivation, we propose introduction of this species into areas with suitable climatic and soil conditions.However, because there is currently no nature reserve in Uzbekistan having suitable conditions for the species under the present climate and that expected in the near future, and because all known habitats of O. bucharica are exposed to the very strong anthropogenic pressure, establishment of a new protected area, awareness building and involvement of local community in conservation activities are required to prevent extinction of this extremely rare species.

关键词： Endangered plant species SDM translocation Ins itu Plant conservation

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translocation OF A PROTEIN-LIKE CHAIN THROUGH AN INTERACTING CHANNEL

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2011年第5期29卷 I0007-I0007,521-531页

作者：孙婷婷 School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University

The effect of channel-protein interaction on the translocation of a protein-like chain through a finite channel under certain electric field was studied by using dynamical Monte Carlo simulations. The interior behavior of chain conformation under different interactions was investigated, such as the number of monomers outside of channel nout, monomers inside of channel nm, mean-square radius of gyration 〈 S2 〉 and the average energy 〈U〉. It shows that with strong attractive interaction, the translocation is more difficult than moderate interaction. At the same time, the dependence of translocation time with different interactions shows that moderate repulsive interaction （εcp = 0.5） accelerates the translocation. Although the waiting time for successful translocation of εep = 1.0 is the longest, the average translocation time is not very large. It is far smaller than that of εep = -1.0. The probability distributions of translocation time p（t＇） and the probability distributions of three duration times p（t1＇）, p（t2＇） and p（t3＇） were all discussed. Log-normal distributions are found. All these findings will strengthen the understanding of protein translocation.

关键词： translocation Protein-like chain Dynamical Monte Carlo simulation.

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Bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium in cole (Brassica campestris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the polluted oasis soil,Northwest of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1368-1374页

作者： Yiming Yang Zhongren Nan Zhuanjun Zhao Zhaowei Wang Shengli Wang Xia Wang Wangqiang Jin Cuicui Zhao Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System Ministry of Education College of Resource and Environment Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 China. School of Chemical Engineering North West University for Nationalities Lanzhou 730030 China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.

关键词： bioaccumulation translocation cadmium cole and celery oasis soil

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Clomazone dissipation, adsorption and translocation in four paddy topsoils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 678-682页

作者： LILian-fang LIGuo-xue YANGRen-bin GUOZheng-yuan LIAOXiao-yong CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences ChinaAgricultureUniversityBeijing100094China InstituteofAgricultureEnvironmentalProtection HunanAgricultureUniversityChangsha410128China InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100101China

Laboratory experiments about the dissipation, adsorption and translocation in four paddy topsoils were conducted in this paper. From the results it can be concluded as follows: the dissipation rate of clomazone differed greatly in different paddy soil derived from different parent materials. The half-lives for clomazone degradation in paddy soils ranged from 5.7 to 22.0 d. The order of clomazone dissipation rate was reddish yellow paddy soil > alluvial sandy paddy soil > yellow clayey paddy soil > purple sandy paddy soil. Clomazone sorption quantity was significantly correlated with organic carbon(R2=0.62) and clay content(R2=0.67) in the tested paddy soils. Positive correlation was found between apparent K d value and cation exchange content(CEC). The consequences for the adsorption of different soils were purple sandy paddy soil>yellow clayey paddy soil>reddish yellow paddy soil>alluvial sandy paddy soil. Under the simulated rainfall of 200 mm through four different unsaturated soil lysimeters over 24 h, clomazone was readily to be leached into lower surface soil and there was about 2.6%—4.2% of applied clomazone leached out of 20 cm cultivated soil layer. translocation experiments showed that the order of clomazone leaching ability was: alluvial sandy paddy soil > reddish yellow paddy soil > yellow clayey paddy soil > purple sandy paddy soil. Simple regression results manifested that factors like CEC, organic carbon, clay, and adsorption rate constant had been negatively correlated with the percentage of clomazone loss from soil lysimeters.

关键词： clomazone dissipation adsorption translocation paddy topsoils

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