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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2024年第6期 18-20页

作者： Sarah Meade Jillian Nickell(图) 不详

我们沿着小径踏步前行,又嗖嗖地穿过沙地。我们人手一个玩具,排成一队齐步向前。齐步走,踩着脚,踏着步,沙沙沙,我们来到了海滩,像鱼儿一样欢快!哗啦啦!

关键词： trail Beach 齐步走

血清IL-16、CCL27及trail与多发性硬化病情严重程度的相关性及其预测价值

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现代生物医学进展 2024年第4期24卷 661-664页

作者：刘丽娟任鲜卉李敏康娟刘永良空军军医大学第一附属医院神经内科陕西西安710000 天水市中医医院神经内科甘肃天水741000

目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-16(IL-16)、CC趋化因子配体27(CCL27)及肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(trail)与多发性硬化病情严重程度的相关性及其预测价值,为多发性硬化的诊断提供理论依据。方法:以2018年1月-2022年10月本院收治的多发性... 详细信息

目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-16(IL-16)、CC趋化因子配体27(CCL27)及肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(trail)与多发性硬化病情严重程度的相关性及其预测价值,为多发性硬化的诊断提供理论依据。方法:以2018年1月-2022年10月本院收治的多发性硬化患者72例为研究对象,依据症状严重程度分为急性发作期(n=40)及缓解期(n=32),另选取同期于本院接受体检的健康志愿者65例为对照组。以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定所有研究对象的血清IL-16、CCL27、trail水平。以Spearman相关性分析血清IL-16、CCL27、trail水平与多发性硬化病情严重程度的相关性,绘制受试者特征曲线(ROC)分析血清IL-16、CCL27、trail水平对多发性硬化病情严重程度的预测价值。结果:研究组的血清IL-16、CCL27、trail水平高于对照组(Ptrail水平高于缓解期患者(Ptrail水平与多发性硬化的病情严重程度呈正相关(r=0.436,0.461,0.447,Ptrail水平联合预测多发性硬化病情严重程度的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.939,显著优于各指标单独评估。结论:血清IL-16、CCL27、trail水平与多发性硬化的发生、发展密切相关,早期检测血清IL-16、CCL27、trail水平对多发性硬化病情具有一定的预测价值,且联合预测的价值更高。

关键词：多发性硬化 IL-16 CCL27 trail 病情严重程度相关性预测价值

Nano-trail:a promising path to cancer therapy

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第1期6卷 78-102页

作者： Siri Chandana Gampa Sireesha V.Garimella SanthiLatha Pandrangi Department of Biotechnology Institute of ScienceGITAM(Deemed to be University)Andhra Pradesh 530045India Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Institute of ScienceGITAM(Deemed to be University)Andhra Pradesh 530045India

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand,also called apo-2 ligand(trail/Apo-2L),is a cytokine that triggers apoptosis by binding to trail-R1(DR4)and trail-R2(DR5)death receptors.Apoptosis occurs through either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway.The administration of recombinant human trail(rhtrail)or trail-receptor(trail-R)agonists promotes apoptosis preferentially in cancerous cells over normal cells in vitro;this phenomenon has also been observed in clinical studies.The limited efficacy of rhtrail in clinical trials could be attributed to drug resistance,short half-life,targeted delivery issues,and off-target toxicities.Nanoparticles are excellent drug and gene delivery systems characterized by improved permeability and retention,increased stability and biocompatibility,and precision targeting.In this review,we discuss resistance mechanisms to trail and methods to overcome trail resistance by using nanoparticle-based formulations developed for the delivery of trail peptides,trail-R agonists,and trail genes to cancer cells.We also discuss combinatorial approaches of chemotherapeutic drugs with trail.These studies demonstrate trail’s potential as an anticancer agent.

关键词： trail cancer cells nanoparticles apoptosis nanomedicine

Far From the Madding Crowd

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Beijing Review 2024年第5期67卷 36-37页

作者： Tao Zihui 不详

Chen Yu,who rarely engages on social media,recently surprised his friends by sharing a post on his Weixin,the omnipresent Chinese super app.The photo captured him walking alone in the midst of a mountain wilderness.Chen is seen as a tech geek by his colleagues at Bejing-based Internet giant Baidu where he works as a programmer,but litle do they know the 27-year-old man is also a leader of one of the city's groups for outdoor sports enthusiasts.On weekends,he frequently organizes hiking and trail running adventures that sometimes span over 30 km and continue for six to seven hours.

关键词： adding trail alone

14 China Restaurants Make Asia's 50 Best 2024

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第4期 22-23页

作者： Sophie Steiner 不详

The day has finally arrived-the one that reveals the continent's mostup-and-coming,sought after,and trailblazing restaurants.

关键词： continent trail finally

HIGH-VOLTAGE VANGUARD One company's trailblazing path in China's electric vehicle evolution

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Beijing Review 2024年第3期67卷 16-17页

作者： Zhao Wei 不详

Towering robots with arms extending over 3 meters perform a precise,choreographed dance within the confines of the SERES smart factory.Amid a cascade of welding sparks,they effortlessly manipulate heavy metal plates,making building fullsize vehicles look like assembling model cars.This futuristic spectacle marks a drastic shift from traditional automobile manufacturing,where human labor plays a major role.

关键词： trail precise evolution

trail-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is augmented by targeted therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第47期15卷 5924-5935页

作者： Bruno Christian Koehler Toni Urbanik Binje Vick Regina Johanna Boger Steffen Heeger Peter R Galle Marcus Schuchmann Henning Schulze-Bergkamen First Department of Medicine Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz55101 MainzGermany Steffen HeegerMerck KGaAMS-D Global Clinical Development Unit-Oncology64293 DarmstadtGermany National Center of Tumor Diseases Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Clinic of Heidelberg69120 HeidelbergGermany

AIM:To analyze the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and specific kinase inhibitors,in combination with the death receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand(trail),on overcoming trail resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and to study the efficacy of agonistic trail antibodies,as well as the commitment of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, in trail-induced apoptosis. METHODS:Surface expression of trail receptors (trail-R1-4)and expression levels of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins MCL-1 and BCL-xL were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting,respectively. Knock-down of MCL-1 and BCL-xL was performed by transfecting specific small interfering RNAs.HCC cellswere treated with kinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs.Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed via flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. RESULTS:trail-R1 and-R2 were profoundly expressed on the HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep-G2. However,treatment of Huh7 and Hep-G2 with trail and agonistic antibodies only induced minor apoptosis rates.Apoptosis resistance towards trail could be considerably reduced by adding the chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin as well as the kinase inhibitors LY294002[inhibition of phosphoinositol- 3-kinase(PI3K)],AG1478(epidermal growth factor receptor kinase),PD98059(MEK1),rapamycin(mam- malian target of rapamycin)and the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib.Furthermore,the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins MCL-1 and BCL-xL play a major role in trail resistance:knock-down by RNA interference increased trail-induced apoptosis of HCC cells.Additionally, knock-down of MCL-1 and BCL-xL led to a significant sensitization of HCC cells towards inhibition of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase and PI3K.CONCLUSION:Our data identify the blockage of survival kinases,combination with chemotherapeutic drugs and targeting of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins as promising ways to overcome trail resistance in HCC.

关键词：肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体细胞凋亡基因 trail PD98059 受体激酶流式细胞仪 RNA干扰酶抑制剂

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从步行到心境旅行

疯狂英语（新策略） 2024年第7期 24-28,75,76页

作者：孙启禄不详

I've always enjoyed walking but never in a million years did I imagine I'd end up walking over 200 kilometers in just 10 days and becoming a fan of walking vacations.Now,I even develop self-guided hiking routes in Portugal as part of my business.It all started with a short experience on the Portuguese Camino de Santiago,an ancient hiking trail.In 2013,I did a guided one-day hike on one of the most beautiful and challenging sections of the Camino,near Ponte de Lima.Despite the hard work,the stunning views from the top of Labruja Mountain made it all worthwhile.

关键词： trail beautiful spite

An apoptosis-independent role of trail in suppressing joint inflammation and inhibiting T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第9期15卷 846-857页

作者： I-Tsu Chyuan Hwei-Fang Tsai Hsiu-Jung Liao Chien-Sheng Wu Ping-Ning Hsu Department of Internal Medicine Cathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Immunology College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal MedicineFar Eastern Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) has been implicated in the regulation ofinflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primarily due to its ability to promote apoptosis in synoviocytes andinfiltrating lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism and role oftrail in inflammatory arthritis. We created an animal model of inflammatory arthritis and demonstrated that trailsignificantly inhibited joint inflammation and reduced the severity of arthritis. The suppression of joint inflammationwas not due to the trail-mediated induction of apoptosis in T cells, macrophages or synovial fibroblasts. Incontrast, trail directly inhibited T-cell proliferation and suppressed the production of cytokines, which indicatedthat trail exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by direct inhibition of T-cell activation. Moreover, trail receptor(trail-R)-knockout mice developed more severe disease, and the protective effects of trail were abolished in theexperimental arthritis model in trail-R knockout mice. From these results, we conclude that trail suppressesjoint inflammation via an apoptosis-independent pathway and directly inhibits T-cell activation. Our results providea novel apoptosis-independent, immune regulatory role for trail in suppressing inflammatory arthritis and shedlight on the development of effective new therapies for autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

关键词： collagen-induced arthritis T-cell activation trail

Following a trail: Update on a ligand and its five receptors

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Cell Research 2004年第5期14卷 359-372页

作者： Fiona C. KIMBERLEY Gavin R. SCREATON Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Human Immunology Unit John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DS UK Department of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK.

Identification of tumour necrosis factor apoptosis inducing ligand (trail), a TNF family ligand, sparked a torrent of research, following an initial observation that it could kill tumour cells, but spare normal cells. Almost a decade after its discovery, and with five known receptors, the true physiological role of trail is still debated and its anti-tumorigenic properties limited by potential toxicity. This review takes a comprehensive look at the story of this enigmatic ligand, addressing its remaining potential as a therapeutic and providing an overview of the trail receptors themselves.

关键词： trail apoptosis cancer.