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Mitigating growth-stress tradeoffs via elevated tor signaling in rice

Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 240-257页

作者： Wei Li Jiaqi Liu Zeqi Li Ruiqiang Ye Wenzhen Chen Yuqing Huang Yue Yuan Yi Zhang Huayi Hu Peng Zheng Zhongming Fang Zeng Tao Shiyong Song Ronghui Pan Jian Zhang Jumim Tu Jen Sheen Hao Du State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityYu-Hang-Tang Road No.866Hangzhou 310058China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572025China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CASCenter for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai lnstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChineseAcademy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education) College of Agricultural SciencesGuizhouUniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 311400China Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Massachusetts General Hospitaland Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA

Rice production accounts for approximately half of the freshwater resources utilized in agriculture,result-ing in greenhouse gas emissions such as methane(CH4)from flooded paddy fields.To address this chal-lenge,environmentally friendly and cost-effective water-saving techniques have become widely adopted in rice cultivation.However,the implementation of water-saving treatments(WsTs)in paddy-field rice has been associated with a substantial yield loss of up to 50%as well as a reduction in nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).In this study,we discovered that the target of rapamycin(tor)signaling pathway is compromised in rice under WsT.Polysome profiling-coupled transcriptome sequencing(polysome-seq)analysis unveiled a substantial reduction in global translation in response to WST associated with the downregulation of tor activity.Molecular,biochemical,and genetic analyses revealed new insights into the impact of the positive tor-S6K-RPS6 and negative tor-MAF1 modules on translation repression under WST.Intriguingly,ammonium exhibited a greater ability to alleviate growth constraints under WsT by enhancing tor signaling,which simultaneously promoted uptake and utilization of ammonium and nitrogen allocation.We further demonstrated that tor modulates the ammonium transporter AMT1;1 as well as the amino acid permease APP1 and dipeptide transporter NPF7.3 at the translational level through the 5'untranslated region.Collectively,these findings reveal that enhancing tor signaling could mitigate rice yield penalty due to WST by regulating the processes involved in protein synthesis and NUE.Our study will contribute to the breeding of new rice varieties with increased water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

关键词： target of rapamycin tor water-saving rice low-carbon agriculture drought nitrogen use efficiency NUE

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CMAES-WFD:Adversarial Website Fingerprinting Defense Based on Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2253-2276页

作者： Di Wang Yuefei Zhu Jinlong Fei Maohua Guo School of Cyberspace Security Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450000China

Website fingerprinting,also known asWF,is a traffic analysis attack that enables local eavesdroppers to infer a user’s browsing destination,even when using the tor anonymity network.While advanced attacks based on deep neural network(DNN)can performfeature engineering and attain accuracy rates of over 98%,research has demonstrated thatDNNis vulnerable to adversarial samples.As a result,many researchers have explored using adversarial samples as a defense mechanism against DNN-based WF attacks and have achieved considerable success.However,these methods suffer from high bandwidth overhead or require access to the target model,which is unrealistic.This paper proposes CMAES-WFD,a black-box WF defense based on adversarial samples.The process of generating adversarial examples is transformed into a constrained optimization problem solved by utilizing the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy(CMAES)optimization algorithm.Perturbations are injected into the local parts of the original traffic to control bandwidth overhead.According to the experiment results,CMAES-WFD was able to significantly decrease the accuracy of Deep Fingerprinting(DF)and VarCnn to below 8.3%and the bandwidth overhead to a maximum of only 14.6%and 20.5%,respectively.Specially,for Automated Website Fingerprinting(AWF)with simple structure,CMAES-WFD reduced the classification accuracy to only 6.7%and the bandwidth overhead to less than 7.4%.Moreover,it was demonstrated that CMAES-WFD was robust against adversarial training to a certain extent.

关键词： Traffic analysis deep neural network adversarial sample tor website fingerprinting

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基于相似性感知的tor网络路径选择算法

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计算机科学 2024年

作者：隋嘉祺扈红超史鑫周大成陈尚煜郑州大学网络空间安全学院信息工程大学信息技术研究所

由于tor低门槛的搭建条件和开放的参与机制，攻击者可以通过控制大量的恶意Sybil节点对tor网络发起Sybil攻击，对用户隐私造成严重的威胁。目前，针对Sybil攻击的防御方法中，一类通过识别恶意Sybil节点来进行防御，该类方法存在对节点... 详细信息

由于tor低门槛的搭建条件和开放的参与机制，攻击者可以通过控制大量的恶意Sybil节点对tor网络发起Sybil攻击，对用户隐私造成严重的威胁。目前，针对Sybil攻击的防御方法中，一类通过识别恶意Sybil节点来进行防御，该类方法存在对节点之间相似性分析缺乏准确性、难以识别恶意节点针对性伪装等问题。另一类通过提升tor路径选择算法的安全性来进行防御，该类方法存在路径选择算法难以同时满足安全性和性能的双重要求、不能抵御多种Sybil攻击等问题。为了弥补现有防御方法自身存在的脆弱性问题，提出将恶意节点识别方法和路径选择算法综合应用。首先，从多个数据源采集中继节点的信息，并对多源数据进行验证、过滤和融合，提升数据层面的安全性；然后，基于历史数据对带宽度量指标进行改进，提高了tor链路的可靠性和稳定性，增大了对稳定、可靠节点的选择倾向，进而增加了Sybil攻击的实施难度和成本；其次，优化中继节点相似性评估方法，提出一种基于聚合相似性得分的最近邻排序算法，提高节点相似性分析的准确性；最后，将优化后的相似性评估方法融入到路径选择算法的设计中，提出一种基于相似性感知的路径选择算法。实验结果表明，该算法不仅在抵御多种Sybil攻击时表现出更好的防御效果，而且也确保了链路的性能需求得到满足。

关键词：匿名通信 tor Sybil攻击路径选择算法

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Erratum to:Influences of chemical reactions on polysulfide reduction reaction process on promotor surface in Li-S batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4643-4643页

作者： Yufeng Luo Zhenhan Fang Zixin Hong Shaorong Duan Haitao Liu Hengcai Wu Qunqing Li Yuegang Zhang Shoushan Fan Wenhui Duan Jiaping Wang Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Erratum to Nano Research,2024,17(4):2712-2718 https://***/10.1007/s12274-023-6129-5 The affiliation of the author,Wenhui Duan,is“2 Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China”,instead of“1 Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;2 Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China”.And the affiliation of the author,Wenhui Duan,in the online version and the ESM file of this paper has been corrected.

关键词： sulfide corrected tor

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The RALF1-FERONIA complex interacts with and activates tor signaling in response to low nutrients

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Molecular Plant 2022年第7期15卷 1120-1136页

作者： Limei Song Guoyun Xu Tingting Li Huina Zhou Qinlu Lin Jia Chen Long Wang Dousheng Wu Xiaoxu Li Lifeng Wang Sirui Zhu Feng Yu State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Biologyand Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationHunan UniversityChangsha 410082P.R.China Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC Zhengzhou 450001P.R.China National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004P.R.China Technology Center China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.Ltd.Changsha 410007P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125P.R.China

Target of rapamycin(tor)kinase is an evolutionarily conserved major regulator of nutrient metabolism and organismal growth in eukaryotes.In plants,nutrients are remobilized and reallocated between shoots and roots under low-nutrient conditions,and nitrogen and nitrogen-related nutrients(e.g.,amino acids)are key upstream signals leading to tor activation in shoots under low-nutrient conditions.However,how these forms of nitrogen can be sensed to activate tor in plants is still poorly understood.Here we report that the Arabidopsis receptor kinase FERON IA(FER)interacts with the tor pathway to regulate nutrient(nitrogen and amino acid)signaling under low-nutrient conditions and exerts similar metabolic effects in response to nitrogen deficiency.We found that FER and its partner,RPM1-induced protein kinase(RIPK),interact with the tor/RAPtor complex to positively modulate tor signaling activity.During this process,the receptor complex FER/RIPK phosphorylates the tor complex component RAPtor1B.The RALF1 peptide,a ligand of the FER/RIPK receptor complex,increases tor activation in the young leaf by enhancing FER-tor interactions,leading to promotion of true leaf growth in Arabidopsis under lownutrient conditions.Furthermore,we showed that specific amino acids(e.g.,Gin,Asp,and Gly)promote true leaf growth under nitrogen-deficient conditions via the FER-tor axis.Collectively,our study reveals a mechanism by which the RALF1-FER pathway activates tor in the plant adaptive response to low nutrients and suggests that plants prioritize nutritional stress response over RALF1-mediated inhibition of cell growth under low-nutrient conditions.

关键词： tor FERON IA nitrogen response amino acid response energy metabolism

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An online survey of non-compressible torso hemorrhage:training is needed

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第4期13卷 297-300页

作者： Hua-yu Zhang Yong Guo Xiao-ying Huang Yang Li Lian-yang Zhang Department of Trauma Surgery War Trauma Medical CenterState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryDaping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of combat deaths,which is a primary lesson learned from modern warfare.[1]If temporary hemostasis is not available,the mortality of non-compressible torso hemorrhage(NCTH),a potentially... 详细信息

关键词： survey tor lesson

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Roll angle of autocollimator measurement method based on hollow cube corner reflector

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Optoelectronics Letters 2022年第2期18卷 91-96页

作者： LIU Yu ZHEN Yan XIE Linyi WANG Wei YANG Jiawen LI Renpu Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Microsystem Chongqing University of Post and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China School of Biology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

In this paper, a method of measuring roll angle with hollow cube corner reflector(HCCR) is proposed. Firstly, the space coordinate vector relationship between the mirror and the autocollimator is established by using the Euler rotation relationship, and the structure of the HCCR is designed. Secondly, through the actual measurement of the HCCR reflector’s angle sensitivity, the specific formula of roll angle measurement is obtained. The experimental results show that the method can be used to measure the roll angle, and the maximum root mean square(RMS) error is 15" in the range of 350", and the repeatability of the experiment is better than 2.7". On the basis of retaining the traditional autocollimator, the plane mirror is replaced with HCCR, which realizes the measurement of the roll angle of the autocollimator. This method does not change the internal structure of the autocollimator system, and there is no process error caused by special processing technology, so as to retain the autocollimator’s own long measurement distance, high measurement accuracy, high system stability, and large range of measurement performance, and it can also be used in industrial production.

关键词： tor angle mirror

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Discovering onion services through circuit fingerprinting attacks

高置信计算(英文)

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高置信计算(英文) 2023年第1期3卷 31-37页

作者： Bin Huang Yanhui Du College of Information Technology&Cyber Security People’s Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 100091China

tor onion services provide anonymous service to clients using the tor browser without disclosing the real address of the server.But an adversary could use a circuit fingerprinting attack to classify circuit types and discovers the network address of the onion service.Recently,tor has used padding defenses to inject dummy cells to protect against circuit fingerprinting attacks.But we found that circuits still expose much information to the adversary.In this paper,we present a novel circuit fingerprinting attack,which divides the circuit into the circuit generated by the client and the circuit generated by the onion service.To get a more effective attack,we tried three state-of-the-art classification models called SVM,Random Forest and XGBoost,respectively.As the best performance,we attain 99.99%precision and 99.99%recall when using Random Forest and XGBoost classification models,respectively.And we also tried to classify circuit types using our features and the classification model mentioned above,which was first proposed by Kwon.The best performance was achieved with 99.99%precision and 99.99%recall when using the random forest classifier in circuit type classification.The experimental results show that we achieved highly accurate circuit fingerprinting attacks even when application-layer traffic is identical and some type of circuits using the defenses provided by tor.

关键词： tor Anonymity Circuit fingerprinting Onion service

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Arabidopsis tor signaling is essential forsugar-regulated callus formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第10期59卷 742-746页

作者： Kyounghee Lee Pil Joon Seo Department of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea

Dedifferentiation is a remarkable process that produces pluripotent stem cells from differentiated somatic cells to ensure developmental plasticity.Plants have evolved the ability of cellular dedifferentiation,and signaling cascades related to auxin and cytokinin-dependent callus formation have been extensively investigated.However,the molecular mechanism underlying sugar-dependent callus format:ion remains unknown.Here,we show that sugar-dependent callus formation is mainly regulated by the tor-E;Fa module in Arabidopsis.Sugar-activated tor kinase phosphorylates and stabilizes E;Fa proteins to transcriptionally activate S-phase genes during callus formation.In parallel,E;Fa is transcriptionally regulated by the ARF-LBD transcription cascade.Mult:i-layered regulation of E;Fa by sugar and auxin is likely to shape balanced cellular dedifferentiation capability in Arabidopsis.

关键词： tor Figure CIM LBD

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torin 1,tor Inhibitor Enhances Cellular Proliferation in NT-1 Tobacco Suspension Cell Cultures

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第2期88卷 131-137页

作者： Grisel Fierros-Romero MElena Mellado-Rojas Reynaldo CPless Juan Ignacio Valiente-Banuet Ashutosh Sharma Elda MBeltrán-Peña Tecnológico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesCampus Querétaro76130QuerétaroMéxico Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas.Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo 58030.MoreliaMéxico CICATA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional Querétaro76090México.

torin 1 is an ATP-competitive tor inhibitor which inhibits the signaling of tor and S6K kinase in mammals and plants.The objective of this research is to determine the effect of torin 1 in a relatively simple and homogeneous plant system such as the NT-1 tobacco suspension cell cultures.Cultures of NT-1 cells were tested with 5,50,150 and 250 nM of torin 1.During kinetics growth of NT-1 tobacco suspension cell cultures,150 and 250 nM torin 1 inhibits the early growth and later enhanced the cellular proliferation during exponential growth by means of an increased expression of E2F1 and cyclin B.Furthermore,torin 1 stimulates the growth of NT-1 cells during log phase with small shaped cell,characteristic of tobacco suspension cell cultures with high mitotic activity.

关键词： torin 1 tor S6K proliferation NT-1 tobacco cells

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