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烟油中Δ8-thc的GC-MS和GC-MS/MS定性定量分析

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中国法医学杂志 2024年第2期39卷 241-243页

作者：邱实赵崐迪刘金磊顾捷白慧茹康毅敏阿民勿日他内蒙古医科大学研究生学院内蒙古呼和浩特010110 鄂尔多斯应用技术学院医学系内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 内蒙古医科大学基础医学院内蒙古呼和浩特010110

2018年,世界卫生组织发表四氢大麻酚类(tetrahydrocannabinol,thc)的详细说明[1],thc具有多种同分异构体,其中delta-8-thc最为流行[2],本文我们对delta-8-thc(Δ8-thc)成分进行报道。Δ9-四氢大麻酚(Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol,Δ9-thc)是大麻中多种复杂成分的主要精神活性物质[3],并被确定是导致人类情绪、知觉和认知改变以及产生依赖性的特性化合物[4],因此被多个国家管控。

关键词：四氢大麻酚精神活性物质 thc 定性定量分析同分异构体认知改变世界卫生组织复杂成分

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones(Cannabis sativa L.)

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第10期16卷 119-129页

作者： Canhui Deng Qing Tang Zemao Yang Zhigang Dai Chaohua Cheng Ying Xu Xiaojun Chen Xiaoyu Zhang Jianguang Su Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410082China

We investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs,~17 nm in size)on the phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp(Cannabis sativa L.),an annual crop distributed worldwide.Hemp clones were grown in hydroponic cultures with Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs(50,100,200,or 500 mg/L)for four weeks.TEM and ICP-MS were used to determine Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs uptake and translocation.LC-MS-based metabolomics was employed to explore the deep insight into the effect of Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs on hemp plants.The results revealed that plant growth enhanced gradually with increasing concentrations of given NPs up to 200 mg/L,which improved the fresh weight and dry weight by 36.13%and 74.68%,respectively,compared to the control.Even at a high dose(500 mg/L),Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs promoted plant growth,including increased biomass and tissue length.NPs significantly increased the iron and chlorophyll content in plant tissues Increased catalase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide content in hemp leaves suggested that the Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs activated the defense system.TEM showed that NPs were abundantly attached to the cell wall and dispersed throughout the root cells.Metabolomics revealed that Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs induced metabolic reprogramming in hemp leaves,including the up-regulation of carbohydrates and organic acids,and down-regulation of antioxidants,especially tetrahydrocannabinol(thc).The significantly up-regulated metabolites,including peonidin and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid,could be involved in photosynthesis in hemp plants.These results demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs for promoting hemp growth and decreasing the thc content at low doses.

关键词： Fe3O4 nanoparticle Hemp Growth enhancement thc Metabolite

Feature of thermohaline circulation in two-layer conceptual model based on energy constraint

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第7期58卷 1397-1403页

作者： SHEN Yang GUAN YuPing College of Science Liaoning University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The assertion that the thermohaline circulation(thc)is driven and sustained by mechanical energy has been increasingly accepted.The simplest conceptual model describing the thc is the Stommel two-box model.Given the vertical stratification in the real ocean,layered models were designed and used.In this research,using a two-layer conceptual model based on energy constraint,we studied basic features of thermal-mode and saline-mode circulations.We focused on the effects of freshwater flux and mixing energy on the intensity and multiple equilibrium states of the thc.The results show that more important than affecting the thc intensity,both the decrease of freshwater flux and increase of mixing energy can lead to an"abrupt transition"in the thc from a stable saline to a stable thermal mode,which further develops the thc energy theory.

关键词：概念模型能量约束环流特征温盐环流 thc 模型描述垂直分层分层模型

Determination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis seizures in Egypt

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第3期10卷 291-294页

作者： Ahmed M.A.Souleman Alaa El-Din M.Gaafar Omar M.Abdel-Salam Shaimaa A.ElShebiney Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic National Research CentreCairoEgypt Department of Photochemistry National Research CentreCairoEgypt Department of Toxicology and Narcotics National Research CentreCairoEgypt

Objective:To determine the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(thc)content of cannabis seizures in Egypt.Methods:Unheated and heated extracts of cannabis seizures were prepared from the dried flowering tops and leaves(marijuana)or from the resin(hashish)and subjected to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:The heated resin extract had the peak of thc in a relative ratio of 31.34%,while extracting the resin directly without heating contained only 18.34%of thc.On the other hand,marijuana showed minimum percentage of thc at 11.188% on heating and 9.55% without heating.Conclusions:These results indicate the high potency of the abused cannabis plant in the illicit Egyptian market.

关键词： Cannabis Hashish Marijuana thc High performance liquid chromatography

A Case Report: Prolonged Psychosis Secondary to Use of Highly Concentrated Tetra Hydro Cannabinoid (thc) (DABS)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 49-52页

作者： Srinivas Dannaram Madhuri Pulluri Christina Regan Banner Thunderbird Medical Center Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine-Phoenix University of Arizona Glendale Arizona USA

The Association of Schizophrenia, psychosis, and Marijuana is decades old. Swedish Conscripts cohort study [1] was one of the earlier studies which reported dose-dependent associations between Marijuana use and schizophrenia. This landmark study was substantiated in other countries through research and systematic reviews [2], which further strengthened the dose-dependent association between Marijuana and Psychosis. The dose defined in these studies [1] was based on the frequency of use that is more times used means more risk of developing schizophrenia and or related psychosis. The concept of using highly concentrated marijuana is relatively new, especially in the light of episodes lasting longer than anticipated with treatment resistance. There is not much data on how it will change the course of psychosis and affect the current diagnostic criteria for Substance-induced psychosis, Schizophreniform Psychosis, and schizophrenia. Based on these challenges, we report a case of Dabs or concentrated Tetra Hydro Cannabinoid (thc)-induced prolonged psychosis with tachycardia and treatment resistance on two separate occasions. Both inpatient admissions were triggered using concentrated Tetra Hydro Cannabinoid (thc).

关键词： Schizophrenia Psychosis Marijuana thc

Ion flux dropout observed near dipolarization front

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第34期59卷 4790-4796页

作者： Xueling Shi Tao Chen Lingqian Zhang Suping Duan Jiang Liu Zhaohai He State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Planetary and Space Sciences Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

An ion flux dropout near the dipolarization front(DF) at around XGSM=-11 REin the Earth's plasma sheet was observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during substorms(THEMIS) on March31, 2009. The ion differential energy fluxes at energies from 450 e V to 150 ke V measured by the ESA and SST instruments from thc began to decrease about 2 s before the detection of the DF and reached a local minimum 6 s later. Then, the ion fluxes gradually increased to form a dropout around the DF. The spatial extent of the dropout was about 4,000 km. For energies above 20 ke V, the ion fluxes after the dropout are greater than those before it,contrary to the fluxes at energies below 20 ke V. The associated ion density variation indicates that the ion flux dropout coincides with the ion density dropout. Taking advantage of multipoint observations, THD, thc, and THE detected the same DF consecutively. Only thc detected an obvious ion flux dropout; THD observed an indistinct one about 2 s before thc; no high-energy(E [ 30 ke V) ion flux dropout was observed by THE. Our study suggests that the ion flux dropout may evolve withthe earthward-propagating DF, and its properties can depend on locations relative to the DF.

关键词：能量通量离子流双极化观测等离子体片总谐波失真 thc 空间范围

Application of Vegetation Indices for Detection and Monitoring Oil Spills in Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State,Nigeria

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Journal of Geographical Research 2023年第3期6卷 29-41页

作者： Jonathan Lisa Erebi Egirani E.Davidson Department of Geology Niger Delta UniversityWilberforce IslandBayelsa State560103Nigeria

The study evaluated the environmental effects of an oil spill in Joinkrama 4 and Akimima Ahoada West LGA,Rivers State,Nigeria,using various vegetation indices.Location data for the spill were obtained from the Nigeria Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency,and Landsat imagery was acquired from the United States Geological Survey.Three soil samples were collected from the affected area,and their analysis included measuring total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH),total hydrocarbons(thc),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH).The obtained data were processed with ArcGIS software,utilizing different vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Atmospheric Resistant Vegetation Index(ARVI),Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI),Green Short Wave Infrared(GSWIR),and Green Near Infrared(GNIR).Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel.The results consistently indicated a negative impact on the environment resulting from the oil spill.A comparison of spectral reflectance values between the oil spill site and the non-oil spill site showed lower values at the oil spill site across all vegetation indices(NDVI 0.0665-0.2622,ARVI-0.0495-0.1268,SAVI 0.0333-0.1311,GSWIR-0.183-0.0517,GNIR-0.0104--0.1980),indicating damage to vegetation.Additionally,the study examined the correlation between vegetation indices and environmental parameters associated with the oil spill,revealing significant relationships with TPH,thc,and PAH.A t-test with a significance level of p<0.05 indicated significantly higher vegetation index values at the non-oil spill site compared to the oil spill site,suggesting a potential disparity in vegetation health between the two areas.Hence,this study emphasizes the harmful effect of oil spills on vegetation and highlights the importance of utilizing vegetation indices and spectral reflectance analysis to detect and monitor the impact of oil spills on vegetation.

关键词： Vegetation indices TPH PAH thc Oil spill Impact Rivers State Nigeria

Analyses of the predicted changes of the global oceans under the increased greenhouse gases scenarios

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第21期51卷 2651-2656页

作者： MU Lin WU Dexing CHEN Xue'en Jungclaus Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003 China Institute of Oceanography Hamburg University Hamburg 20146Germany Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg 20146 Germany

A new climate model (ECHAM5/MPI-OM1) developed for the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology is used to study the climate changes under the different increased CO2 scenarios (B1, A1B and A2). Based on the corresponding model results, the sea surface temperature and salinity structure, the variations of the thermohaline circulation (thc) and the changes of sea ice in the northern hemisphere are analyzed. It is concluded that from the year of 2000 to 2100, un- der the B1, A1B and A2 scenarios, the global mean sea surface temperatures (SST) would increase by 2.5℃, 3.5℃ and 4.0℃ respectively, especially in the region of the Arctic, the increase of SST would be even above 10.0℃; the maximal negative value of the variation of the fresh water flux is located in the sub- tropical oceans, while the precipitation in the eastern tropical Pacific increases. The strength of thc de- creases under the B1, A1B and A2 scenarios, and the reductions would be about 20%, 25% and 25.1% of the present thc strength respectively. In the north- ern hemisphere, the area of the sea ice cover would decrease by about 50% under the A1B scenario.

关键词：温室气体 thc 气候模型 IPCC

Model–proxy comparison for overshoot phenomenon of Atlantic thermohaline circulation at Bφlling–Allerφd

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第33期59卷 4510-4515页

作者： Jun Cheng Zhengyu Liu Feng He Bette Otto-Bliesner Esther Brady Jean Lynch-Stieglitz Polar Climate System and Global Change Laboratory and Earth System Modeling Center (ESMC) Nanjing International Academy of Meteorological Sciences (NIAMS) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Center for Climatic Research University of Wisconsin-Madison LaCOAS/Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Peking University Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology

The overshoot phenomenon of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation(thc) is a transient climate response to meltwater forcing and could induce intense climate change by increasing the magnitudes of Atlantic thc changes at the end of meltwater discharges. This phenomenon was formally presented with the successfully simulated Bφlling–Allerφd(BA) event in the first transient simulation of the last deglaciation with fully coupled model NCAR-CCSM3(TraCE-21K). Currently, not all proxy records of Atlantic thc support the occurrence of the thc overshoot at BA. Commonly used thc proxy from Bermuda Rise(GGC5) does not exhibit thc overshoot at BA but other proxies such as TTR-451 at Eirik Drift do. How to interpret this regional discrepancy of proxy records is a key question for the validation of the Atlantic thc overshoot at BA. Here, we show that the vigor of deep circulation varies regionally during the Atlantic thc overshoot at BA in TraCE-21 K simulation, and this regional discrepancy in the simulation is consistent with that in the marine sediment records in North Atlantic. The consistent model–proxy evidence supports the occurrence of Atlantic thc overshoot at BA.

关键词：北大西洋过冲现象温盐环流代理模型模拟过程 thc 气候变化