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Identification and characterization of trichoderma species aggressive to Pleurotus in Italy

浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2004年第4期30卷 469-470页

作者： Woo S L Di Benedetto P Senatore M Abadi K Gigante S Soriente I Ferraioli S Scala F Lorito M Dip. Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale-Sez. Patologia Vegetale La b. di Lotta Biologica Università di Napoli "Federico II" Via Università 1 00 80055 Portici (NA)Italy.

In the late 1980’s the deve lop ment of a severe epidemic of green mold caused by trichoderma spp. was not ed in the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus (champignon) in the U nited Kingdom, North America, Spain and Holland, which caused extensive economic losses. the parasitic fungi isolated from the edible mushroom belonged to four biotypes, th1, th2, th3 and th4 of t. harzianum. However, among these biotypes, only th2 (since c lassified as t. aggressivum f. europaeum) and th4 (t. aggressivum f. aggressivum) were identified as the fungi causing problems in Agaricus production. In general, mushroom compost hosts both aggressive and innocuous is olates of trichoderma, which are not morphologically distinguishable. Abo ut four years ago, a problem with green mold became apparent in the production o f Pleurotus ostreatus in Northern Italy, which eventually developed to a c risis situation in the South two years later and threatened to seriously comprom ise the Pleurotus market. this study was initiated to: isolate and identif y the aggressive fungi, then morphologically, physiologically and genetically characterize the isolates, dete rmine the source and phases of infection, and study methods of control. Samples were obtained from different phases of compost preparation at the locality of a major producer and supplier of compost to the mushroom industry in Southern Ital y, and microbial counts were conducted. Although the presence of trichoderma was detected in the initial stages of composting, this value was reduced to zero from the phase of pasteurization to seeding with Pleurotus. trichoderma infestations were noted in the packaged Pleurotus bales at various time s during the incubation phase (7-15 days after seeding) and after shipping to th e mushroom greenhouses, where the pathogen infestations greatly reduced the qual ity and quantity of the mushroom yield, as well as the number of potential harvest cycles. Preliminary r esults from the morphological and

关键词： commercial mushrooms green mold t.aggressivum

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