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synthetic data generation by diffusion models

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National Science Review 2024年第8期11卷 19-21页

作者： Jun Zhu Department of Computer Science and Technology BNRist Center Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML CenterTsinghua University Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu)

Sufficient and high-quality data are a prerequisite for building complex machine learning systems, especially those with a large number of parameters (e.g., ChatGPT). However, it is typically challenging or even impossible to acquire a sufficient amount of real data to train such systems. For example, auto-driving systems may need to learn from various accidental events in order to be reliable in driving, while collecting such real data is difficult or ethically infeasible.

关键词： generation diffusion models data synthetic

synthetic rubbers prepared by lanthanide coordination catalysts

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第10期52卷 1520-1543页

作者： WenQi Chen FoSong Wang Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China

China is rich in rare earth resources. Rare earth elements, also named lanthanides, are number 58 to number 81 elements in the elemental periodic table. They have unique electronic structures and may form various coordination compounds. In the early 1960s, researchers at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIAC) found the catalytic activities of lanthanide compounds in stereospecific polymerization of conjugated dienes, and published the first paper on this topic in 1964. On the basis of this finding, CIAC launched extensive research activities on lanthanide compounds as diene polymerization catalysts, from a series of fundamental research to the efforts of industrializing the rare earth catalyzed cis-1,4-polybutatine rubber and cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber. This review aims to summarize the progress in this field in the past half century.

关键词： synthetic rubber polybutadiene polyisoprene rare earth lanthanide coordination catalysts stereospecific polymerization

synthetic lethal short hairpin RNA screening reveals that ring finger protein 183 confers resistance to trametinib in colorectal cancer cells

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第12期36卷 726-736页

作者： Rong Geng Xin Tan Zhixiang Zuo Jiangxue Wu Zhizhong Pan Wei Shi Ranyi Liu Chen Yao Gaoyuan Wang Jiaxin Lin Lin Qiu Wenlin Huang Shuai Chen State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer Center651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhou 510507GuangdongP.R.China Department of Experimental Research Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Department of Colorectal Surgery Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor.Targeted Drugs and Guangzhou Enterprise Key Laboratory of Gene Medicine Guangzhou Doublle Bioproducts Co.Ltd.Guangzhou 510507GuangdongP.R.China

Background: The mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(MEK1/2) inhibitor trametinib has shown promising therapeutic effects on melanoma, but its efficacy on colorectal cancer(CRC) is limited. synthetic lethality arises with a combination of two or more separate gene mutations that causes cell death, whereas individual mutations keep cells alive. This study aimed to identify the genes responsible for resistance to trametinib in CRC cells,using a synthetic lethal short hairpin RNA(shRNA) screening ***: We infected HT29 cells with a pooled lentiviral shRNA library and applied next-generation sequencing to identify shRNAs with reduced abundance after 8-day treatment of 20 nmol/L trametinib. HCT116 and HT29 cells were used in validation studies. Stable ring finger protein 183(RNF183)-overexpressing cell lines were generated by pcDNA4-myc/his-RNF183 transfection. Stable RNF 183-knockdown cell lines were generated by infection of lentiviruses that express RNF183 shRNA, and small interference RNA(siRNA) was used to knock down RNF183 *** real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression. Western blotting, immunohistochemical analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to evaluate the protein abundance. MTT assay,colony formation assay, and subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth model were used to evaluate cell ***: In the primary screening, we found that the abundance of RNF183 shRNA was markedly reduced after treatment with trametinib. Trametinib induced the expression of RNF183, which conferred resistance to drug-induced cell growth repression and apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell deaths. Moreover, interleukin-8(IL-8) was a downstream gene of RNF183 and was required for the function of RNF183 in facilitating cell growth. Additionally, elevated RNF183 expression partly reduced the inhibitory effect of trametinib on IL-8 expression. Finally, xenograft tumor model showed the synerg

关键词： synthetic lethal Colorectal cancer Ring finger protein 183 Mitogen-activated extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 Trametinib

Hydrodynamical Basis for Interpreting the Features of a Kind of Ocean Objects on synthetic Aperture Radar Images

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Chinese Physics Letters 1998年第12期15卷 931-933页

作者： YU Wei-dong HUA Feng JIN Mei-bing PAN Zeng-di YUAN Ye-li First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266003

A new hydrodynamical model interpreting the synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imaging of a kind of ocean objects is *** is based on the perturbation analysis of the wave height spectrum balance *** appropriate form of equilibrium wave height spectrum is deduced and then used to obtain the relative variation rate of the spectrum perturbation to its equilibrium *** variation rate reflects directly the features of a kind of ocean objects on the SAR images.

关键词： spectrum synthetic equilibrium

synthetic chromosome evolves the yeast genome

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第5期62卷 708-709页

作者： Fei Teng Wei Li Qi Zhou State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Genomic structural variations play a critical role in biological function and phenotypic diversity. Although smallscale variations, such as insertion, deletion, and point mutations, have been extensively investigated, studies on largescale structural variations such as segmental duplication,inversion, and chromosome-scale variations remain *** the recent decade。

关键词： Li synthetic chromosome evolves the yeast genome Figure

synthetic genome with recoding

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 1096-1097页

作者： Bin Jia Hao Song Changjun Liu Yan Sun Yingjin Yuan Frontier Science Center for synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(Ministry of Education) Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

With the development of DNA synthesis techniques,synthetic biology has enabled redesign and construction of genome on purposes(Luo et al.,2018).The whole-genome recoding of Escherichia coli could be used to enhance incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins and to construct safer and multi-virus-resistant strains,which has always been a long-cherished wish in synthetic *** recent years,many research teams around the world have been engaged in genetic *** Church group in Harvard University used the MAGE technique to convert 314 TAG stop codons into TAA,generating a first *** that is completely recoding for TAG codon(Isaacs et al.,2011).

关键词： synthetic genome recoding DNA

The research on floe ice force acting on the"Xue Long"icebreaker based on synthetic ice test and virtual mass numerical method

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2021年第2期33卷 271-281页

作者： Wei Guo Qiao-sheng Zhao Yu-kui Tian Wan-chao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics China Ship Scientific Research CenterWuxi 214082China School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

When the ice-going ships advance in the polar region,the navigation in the floe ice region is often encountered,the hull will suffer the high-frequency contact force produced by the floe ice,which will affect the navigation performance of the ***,it is necessary to predict the water and ice force acting on the hull *** this paper,the numerical simulation and experimental verification will be conducted for the polar scientific research ship-"Xue Long".Based on the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and DEM theory,a virtual mass method is proposed to realize the predicting of the water and ice force and the simulation of the interaction phenomenon between the ice and hull,the numerical method is built to calculate the force acting on the *** the same time,the synthetic ice is used to carry out the experimental research on the advancing straight with different speeds and the oblique navigation with different drift *** optimal virtual mass coefficient is determined through the comparison and analysis of the numerical simulation and test results under typical *** to the optimal virtual mass coefficient,the numerical simulation is carried out with different speeds and drift angles,which is compared with the experiment more *** is found that the virtual mass method based on the combination of CFD and DEM can simulate the overturning and the sliding along the hull of the floe ice vividly,the relative error of the total resistance between model test and numerical method in advancing straight is almost within 10%,while the relative error of the total longitudinal force in oblique navigation is almost within 15%.

关键词： "Xue Long"ship synthetic ice model test computational fluid dynamics(CFD) DEM virtual mass method drift angle

synthetic Characteristics Associated with HIV Diagnosis through Voluntary HIV Testing among HIV-positive People with Non-marital and Non-commercial Heterosexual Transmission in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期32卷 459-464页

作者： YU Qiu Yan YU Shi Cheng XU Peng YANG Juan LI Xiao Yu LU Fan National Center for STD/AIDS Prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Office of Epidemiology Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Department of Cadre Health Care Beijing Jishuitan Hospital The Fourth Medical College of Peking University Beijing 100035 China

The Joint United Nations program on HIV/AIDS reported that 53% of new infections globally in 2017 were beyond key populations and their sexual *** this report, although only 16% in Asia and the Pacific were people living with HIV (PLHIV) who did not report any HIV-risk behaviors (mainly including injective drug use, men who have sex with men, sexual workers, and their dients), increasing diag no sed cases who reported their own transmission as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual con tact (non-M&C sex, defi ned as those heterosexuals who have unpaid sex with any other sexual partners whom they have never married) in China have indicated that the HIV epidemic is spreading to the general population by the bridge of key populations.

关键词： synthetic Characteristics HIV

Multi-dimensional band structure spectroscopy in the synthetic frequency dimension

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第7期12卷 1425-1433页

作者： Dali Cheng Eran Lustig Kai Wang Shanhui Fan Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA Department of Physics McGll UniversityMontrealQC H3A 2T8Canada

The concept of synthetic dimensions in photonics provides a versatile platform in exploring multi-dimensional *** of these physics are characterized by band structures in more than one *** efforts on band structure measurements in the photonic synthetic frequency dimension however are limited to either onedimensional Brillouin zones or one-dimensional subsets of multi-dimensional Billouin *** we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to fully measure multi-dimensional band structures in the synthetic frequency *** use a single photonic resonator under dynamical modulation to create a multidimensional synthetic frequency *** show that the band structure of such a lattice over the entire multidimensional Brillouin zone can be measured by introducing a gauge potential into the lattice *** this method,we perform experimental measurements of two-dimensional band structures of a Hermitian and a non-Hermitian *** measurements reveal some of the general properties of point-gap topology of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in more than one *** results demonstrate experimental capabilities to fully characterize high-dimensional physical phenomena in the photonic synthetic frequency dimension.

关键词： resonator synthetic dimensional