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Synergies and trade-offs of climate-smart agriculture(CSA)practices selected by smallholder farmers in Geshy watershed,Southwest Ethiopia

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 129-138页

作者： Girma TILAHUN Amare BANTIDER Desalegn YAYEH Bonga University Department of Natural Resources and ManagementBonga329Ethiopia Addis Ababa University Center for Food Security StudiesAddis Ababa1176Ethiopia

Studies on mainstreaming climate-smart agriculture(CSA)practices can increase smallholder farmers’capacity and awareness to improve food security and establish sustainable livelihoods through resilient agricultural systems,while achieving adaptation and mitigation benefits.Hence,valuable insights can be obtained from smallholder farmers in responding to present and forthcoming challenges of climate change impacts.However,there is little research work on trade-off and synergy assessments.Taking Geshy watershed in Southwest Ethiopia as a case study area,both quantitative and qualitative data analysis were undertaken in this study.The data were collected from 15 key informant interviews,6 focus group discussions,and 384 households to answer the following questions:(1)what are the top 5 preferred CSA practices for smallholder farmers in Geshy watershed when coping with the impacts of climate change?(2)What is the performance of the preferred CSA practices?And(3)which trade-offs and Synergies are experienced upon the implementation of CSA practices?The study came up with the most preferred CSA practices such as the use of improved crop varieties,small-scale irrigation,improved animal husbandry,the use of efficient inorganic fertilizers,and crop rotation with legumes.The selected CSA practices showed that the productivity goal exhibit the best synergy,while the mitigation goal has trade-offs.The study also indicated that the use of improved crop varieties causes high Synergies in all 3 goals of CSA practices;small-scale irrigation provides a medium synergy on productivity goal but high synergy for adaptation and mitigation goals;improved animal husbandry shows a high synergy with the adaptation goal,a relatively lower synergy with the productivity goal,and a trade-off with the mitigation goal;the use of efficient inorganic fertilizers shows maximum synergy for the productivity and adaptation goals;and crop rotation with legumes exhibits high synergy with the productivity and mitigation goals but a relatively lower syne

关键词： Climate-smart agriculture(CSA) Climate change Synergies Trade-offs Productivity Adaptation Mitigation Geshy watershed

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Trade-offs and Synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 130-143页

作者： Devinia Princess Akinyi Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’ Evan Hartunian Girvetz Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton UniversityNjoro536-20107Kenya International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Kampala6247Uganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Nairobi823-00621Kenya

Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers,especially in subSaharan Africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and floods.However,the decision-making process in climate adaptation is complex.To better understand the dynamics of the process,we strive to answer this question:what are the potential trade-offs and Synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa region?A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases(Scopus and Google Scholar).The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories(crop management,risk management,soil/land management,water management,and livestock management strategies).Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs,additional labor requirements,and competition among objectives or available resources.The Synergies,on the other hand,arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity,resilience,yield stability,sustainability,and environmental protection.Trade-offs and Synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage,comparatively,presenting more tradeoffs.The development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the Synergies are suggested.Skills and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged,especially at the local farm level.

关键词： Climate change Adaptation strategy Trade-offs Synergies Sub-Saharan Africa

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Synergies between the Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 SDGs: from the perspective of development

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Economic and Political Studies 2018年第3期6卷 278-292页

作者： Ling Jin China Institute of International Studies BeijingChina

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has its own development logic,which draws mainly from China’s development and cooperation experiences.In addition to aid,the BRI prioritises ownership,infrastructure connectivity and comprehensive approaches to development.The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),drawing many lessons from the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs),mark a visible shift from the past donor–recipient relationship to an equal development partnership in the international development narrative.Comparing the two initiatives,this paper identifies Synergies between the BRI and the SDGs from the perspective of development and concludes that an emphasis on ownership is the basis for docking the two development visions.The docking process should begin at the stage of strategic dialogue and policy planning between China and its development partners,and infrastructure connectivity is an area of special importance when seeking Synergies and developing differentiated approaches to working in different contexts.

关键词： BRI 2030 SDGs development logic Synergies

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Analysis on Synergies and trade-offs in green building development:from the perspective of SDG 11

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2019年第4期17卷 341-351页

作者： Jing Zhu Ying Cao Jianyu Zhai Xi Zhao Yuqing Zhao Shenghong Kanga School of Humanities and Law Northeastern UniversityShenyangChina School of Economics Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina China National Engineering Research Center for Human Settlements China Architecture Design and Research GroupBeijingChina

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a prospect for the future development of all countries in the world.Its core is to set up the Sustainable Development Goals for the year of 2030,and develop a series of institutional mechanisms around SDGs to promote its implementation.The SDGs include 17 goals,of which SDG 11 is to make cities and human settlements inclusive,safe,resilient and sustainable.Green building can play a positive role in the implementation of SDG 11.However,the entire process of green building development involves multiple stakeholders and various professional fields,which play different roles where may be positive Synergies or negative trade-offs in the whole process.This paper uses the nexus approaches to clarify how multiple stakeholders and professions interact with each other in the green building development with the aim of promoting SDG 11.

关键词： Green building Synergies trade-offs transdisciplinary analysis multi-agent analysis sustainable development sustainable development goals(SDGs)

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Trade-offs/Synergies in Land-use Function Changes in Central China from 2000 to 2015

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第4期31卷 711-726页

作者： LI Qing ZHOU Yong XU Tao WANG Li ZUO Qian LIU Jingyi SU Xueping HE Nan WU Zhengxiang The College of Urban&Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation of Hubei Province Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

To solve the problems caused by irrational land-use, studying the functions of land-use, its changing characteristics, and the relationship between each land-use function will be beneficial for achieving sustainable land development. In this research, we constructed an evaluation framework of multiple land-use functions(LUFs) based on sustainable land-use theory. Specifically,, we classified the multiple LUFs into three types: agricultural production function(APF), living function(LVF), and ecological service function(ESF).We then spatialized the economic and social data, and implemented the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model and RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model to evaluate each sub-LUF(crop production, aquatic production, woodlands production, livestock production, living space, life quality, water supply, soil conservation, climate regulation, biological conservation) in central China in 2000 and again in 2015. Moreover, by analyzing the changes to LUFs and the relationships between each LUF change, we were able to discern patterns of LUF change in central China. The results show that: (1)42.12% of total territory in the study area increased their APF from 2000 to 2015, while 43.41% of the lands increased their ESF yet only 8.98% of the lands increased their LVF;(2) in Hubei and Hunan, there was more land with an increase of APF than in Anhui or Jiangxi. The APF in Jiangxi exhibited the greatest decline over time period, the LVF increased more in the provincial capital cities than in other regions, and the ESF expanded more in Jiangxi than in the other provinces;and (3) the changes in APF were significantly and positively correlated with changes in LVF. Additionally, changes in ESF were negatively but non-significantly correlated with changes in APF and LVF.

关键词： land planning land-use function(LUF) trade-offs Synergies central China

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Identifying interlinkages between urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 339-346页

作者： Mingxing Chen Liangkan Chen Jiafan Cheng Jianhui Yu Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are important global issues in the current“Anthropocene”.Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated global urban problems and hindered the ability to meet SDGs on time,while the broad interlinkages between urbanization and the SDGs remain poorly understood.This study shows that among the interlinkages of urbanization with 17 SDGs,Synergies are observed with 151 targets(89%),among which 67(40%)have stronger Synergies,and trade-offs are observed with 66 targets(39%),among which 31(18%)have stronger trade-offs.Furthermore,the Synergies and trade-offs between urbanization and the achievement of SDGs are specifically analyzed based on four fundamental interaction fields:(a)public health and social welfare equality;(b)energy consumption and economic growth;(c)natural resource use and ecological/environmental impacts;and(d)international cooperation for development.Finally,based on these analyses,we propose four recommendations for sustainable urbanization,including(a)shared well-being and spatial justice for urban and rural residents;(b)guiding green and low-carbon urban development;(c)building resilient cities;and(d)promoting multilateral cooperation in cities,which can contribute to the achievement of SDGs by 2030.

关键词： Urbanization Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Synergies Trade-offs Well-being Anthropocene

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重庆市关键生态系统服务对土地利用和气候变化的多维响应--时间、空间及地形

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第2期32卷 317-332页

作者：高洁卞鸿雁朱崇京唐霜 Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Geographical Sciences State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous LandChongqing 400715China

Mountainous landscapes are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to climate change and human activities,and a clear understanding of how ecosystem services(ES)and their relationships continuously change over time,across space,and along altitude is therefore essential for ecosystem management.Chongqing,a typical mountainous region,was selected to assess the long-term changes in its key ES and their relationships.From 1992 to 2018,the temporal variation in water yield(WY)revealed that the maximum and minimum WYs occurred in 1998 and 2006,which coincided with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and severe drought events,respectively.Soil export(SE)and WY were consistent with precipitation,which reached their highest values in 1998.During this period,carbon storage(CS)and habitat quality(HQ)both decreased significantly.ES in Chongqing showed large variations in altitude.Generally,WY and SE decreased with increasing altitude,while CS and HQ increased.For spatial distribution,WY and SE showed positive trends in the west and negative trends in the east.In regard to CS and HQ,negative trends dominated the area.Persistent tradeoffs between WY and soil conservation(SC)were found at all altitude gradients.The strong Synergies between CS and HQ were maintained over time.

关键词： ecosystem services InVEST model Mann-Kendall tradeoffs Synergies mountainous region

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Evaluation of antibacterial activity and synergistic effect between antibiotic and the essential oils of some medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第1期6卷 32-37页

作者： Fadila Moussaoui Tajelmolk Alaoui Laboratory of Environment and Health University Moulay Ismail Faculty of Sciences

Objective:To demonstrate the in vitro antibacterial properties of five essential oils against ten bacterial strains and study the synergistic effect of the combination of essential oils with standard antibiotics.Methods:Origanum compactum,Chrysanthemum coronarium,Thymus willdenowii Boiss,Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana L.were used alone and combined used with standard antibiotics to evaluate their antimicrobial activities.The disk diffusion method was employed.Results:The results showed that the combined application of the essential oils of the plants with antibiotics led to a synergistic effect in some cases,but antagonistic effect was also observed in some bacteria.Conclusions:This study shows that the combination of essential oils of the five plants with antibiotics may be useful in the fight against emerging microbial drug resistance.

关键词： Essential oils Antibacterial Synergies Additive Antagonistic

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Changes in demand and supply of ecosystem services under scenarios of future land use in Vorarlberg, Austria

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第12期16卷 2793-2809页

作者： SAUTER Isabel KIENAST Felix BOLLIGER Janine WINTER Benjamin PAZuR Robert Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zurcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland ALPS-Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Grabenweg 686020 InnsbruckAustria Institute of Geography University of InnsbruckInnrain 526020 InnsbruckAustria Institute of Geography Slovak Academy of SciencesStefanikova 4981473 BratislavaSlovakia

Ecosystem services(ES)are highly impacted by human-induced land-use change.Progressive urbanization and agricultural land abandonment in Western Europe necessitate assessments of future land-change impacts on ES to ensure sustainable service management.The present study aims at evaluating future demand and supply of three key services(flood protection,nearby recreation and biodiversity)in the mountainous region of Vorarlberg,Austria.We mapped the ES for the referenced time step 2016 and two scenarios for 2050,assuming the continuation of current land-change trends and pressure on landscape development.Results for the referenced landscape in 2016 show the highest ES supply for intermediate levels,while ES supply was low in the lowlands and valley bottoms and in high-elevation areas.We found a high positive correlation of ES with the distribution of forested areas.In contrast,service demand was highest in lowelevation areas and decreased with increasing elevation.This indicates that densely settled and intensively used agricultural areas currently suffer from ES undersupply.The projected future development of land use showed an increase in both supply and demand of the selected ES.The overall service supply increased more than the respective demand due to some reforestation of open land.As forests were found to be important synergistic areas for overall service provision,we expect decreasing demand on related services.Locally,demand was found to exceed the supply of ES,especially in the densely populated Rhine valley-requiring further policy interventions.Such ES-related information may contribute to regional policy making and ensure the long-term provision of ESs for future generations.

关键词： Land-use change Future land-use scenarios Regional assessment Ecosystem services Synergies Conflicts

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Ecosystem Services in Differently Used Agroecosystems along a Climatic Gradient in Slovakia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第12期8卷 623-645页

作者： Jarmila Makovnikova Boris Palka Milos Siran Beata Houskova Radoslava Kanianska Miriam Kizekova National Agricultural and Food Centre Soil Science and Conservation Research InstituteBratislavaSlovenska Department of Environment Faculty of Natural SciencesMatej Bel UniversityBanska BystricaSlovenska National Agricultural and Food Centre Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research InstituteBanska BystricaSlovenska

For analysis and evaluation of potential of agroecosystem (arable land and grassland) services (provisioning, regulating and cultural) in Slovakia we have created a mapping unit combining these input layers: slope topography, soil texture and landuse in four climatic regions. Evaluated potential of agroecosystem services was categorised into five categories (very low, low, medium, high and very high). Our results show that climate has the most significant impact on agroecosystem services. Warm, dry lowland region has a higher potential of provisioning services, regulation of water regime, filtration of pollutants and control of soil erosion in comparison to moderately warm and cold regions. In moderate cold region, more than 90% of the total area of arable land has low potential of water regime regulation and cleaning potential (immobilization of risk elements). In the moderate warm climatic region, there is a high share of categories of low and moderate potential of provisioning services and low and moderate potential of water regime regulation. Majority of the total area of warm climatic region belongs to the categories of moderate to high potential of provisioning services and high potential of regulation of water regime. In this climatic zone low potential categories of risk elements immobilization are present in more than 65% of the arable land total area. On the other hand, in very warm climatic zone, more than 89% of the total area of arable land belongs to the category with a very high cleaning (buffering) potential. Potential of natural conditions for recreation is higher only in moderate cold and moderate warm climatic zones with a higher proportion of area of grassland agroecosystems and protected areas NATURA 2000. Moreover, the methodology developed in this paper is replicable and could be applied by planners in the case that they are proficient in geographical information systems.

关键词： Agroecosystem Services Climatic Zone Mapping Trade-Offs Synergies

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