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Stratigraphy and Structure of Dhamtaur Area, District Abbottabad, Eastern Hazara, Pakistan

Open Journal of Geology 2019年第1期9卷 57-66页

作者： Shamim Akhtar Yasin Rahim Bin Hu Hinyuen Tsang Khawaja Muhammad Ibrar Muhammad Fahad Ullah Saleh Ibrahim Bute Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Pre-Cambrian to Paleocene age sedimentary rocks predominantly characterize the fold and thrust belt of eastern Hazara division. The Hazara Slate Formation is the oldest rock unit which represents the Precambrian sequence. The Permian and Triassic sequences are missing. The Jurassic sequence comprises Samana Suk Formation whereas the Cretaceous exposed is Chichali and Lumshiwal formations. The Eocene sequence consists of Nammal and Sakessar formations. The structural fabric of the area is mainly attributed to a series of northwest trending parallel to en echelon anticlines and synclines. Most of these folds are found to be asymmetric and are Northwest facing. Several thrust faults verging both to the north have been mapped that generally dissect the forelimbs of the anticlinal structures. But the following study going to be focus on surface structural features as well as subsurface projections of folds and faults. Study of such structural features has get prime importance in economic geology such as petroleum geology, mining geology and engineering geology. In our study area subsurface projection of folds and faults along the structural transects of the area suggests that these structures have formed as a result of shortening associated with ramping from a regional basal decollement. All the structures clearly demonstrate that the eastern Hazara area has been subjected to compressional deformation/stresses oriented northeast southwest. The repetition of rock units indicates, folding in the area and thrusting of Pre-Cambrian Hazara Formation over younger Paleocene Lockhart Formation, evidence of thrust fault. There are unconformable contacts between Hazara and Samana Suk, Chichali and Lumshiwal, Kawagarh and Hangu and Lockhart formations indicate fluctuation in the environment of deposition. The Bagnotar Fault, Dhamtaur syncline and Thai anticline are the major structural features identified and reported in the study area.

关键词： Thrust Faults Anticlines synclines Compressional Deformation

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Lithostratigraphy, Structure, Geological History, Economic Geology and Paleontology of Mari Bugti Hills and Surrounding Areas of Balochistan, South Punjab and North Sindh (Pakistan)

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第1期12卷 13-56页

作者： Muhammad Sadiq Malkani Yousaf Haroon Geological Survey of Pakistan Muzaffarabad Pakistan Geological Survey of Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan

Mari Bugti hills and surroundings belong to Sulaiman basin (fragment of Gondwana) lies under the territory of Balochistan, South Punjab and North Sindh (Pakistan) but luckily have diverse marine and terrestrial sediments varying in age from Triassic to Recent, petroleum and a large number of mineral resources especially huge gypsum and cement resources, numerous suitable anticlinal structures and world-famous paleontology. The large-sized poripuchian titanosaurs, theropods, mesoeucrocodiles, pterosaur, bird and snake were reported from the latest Cretaceous Vitakri Formation, and largest terrestrial mammals and eucrocodiles were reported from the Oligocene Chitarwata Formation and other mammals were also reported from Late Paleogene and Neogene terrestrial deposits. Previously part of this area was not mapped due to remoteness and security problems but recently the mapping of these areas was started. Further, the structural and geological maps of previously omitted parts are added here. After performing the multidisciplinary field investigations by senior author, the corresponding results were obtained. The main objective of this work is to focus on the lithostratigraphic deposits, structure, geological history, economic geology and paleontology of the Mari Bugti Hills and surrounding areas.

关键词： Stratigraphy Structures Faults Anticlines synclines Geological History Economic Geology Paleontology Mesozoic Cenozoic Mari Bugti Hills Balochistan South Punjab North Sindh Sulaiman Arc Pakistan

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