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Ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom-doped carbon for sodium-ion batteries and mechanism explorations via synchrotron x-ray techniques

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第4期79卷 373-381页

作者： Congcong Liu Qiongqiong Lu Mikhail V.Gorbunov Ahmad Omar Ignacio G.Gonzalez Martinez Panpan Zhao Martin Hantusch Antonius Dimas Chandra Permana Huanyu He Nikolai Gaponik Daria Mikhailova Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden e.V. Helmholtzstraße 2001069 DresdenGermany Inorganic Chemistry II Technische Universität DresdenBergstraße 6601069 DresdenGermany Physical Chemistry Technische Universität DresdenZellescher Weg 1901069 DresdenGermany

Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity fade and low rate *** this work,a composite containing ultrasmall CoS(~7 nm)nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom(N,S,and O)-doped carbon was synthesized by an efficient one-step sulfidation process using a Co(Salen)*** ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles are beneficial for mechanical stability and shortening Na-ions diffusion ***,the N,S,and O-doped defect-rich carbon provides a robust and highly conductive framework enriched with active sites for sodium storage as well as mitigates volume expansion and polysulfide *** anode for SIB,CoS@HDC exhibits a high initial capacity of 906 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1)and a stable long-term cycling life with over 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1),showing a reversible capacity of 330 mA h g^(-1).Meanwhile,the CoS@HDC anode is proven to maintain its structural integrity and compositional reversibility during ***,Na-ion full batteries based on the CoS@HDC anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode demonstrate a stable cycling behavior with a reversible specific capacity of~200 m A h g^(-1)at least for 100 ***,advanced synchrotron operando x-ray diffraction,ex-situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy,and comprehensive electrochemical tests reveal the structural transformation and the Co coordination chemistry evolution of the CoS@HDC during cycling,providing fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles Heteroatom-doped porous carbon matrix synchrotron x-ray techniques Reaction mechanisms

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The application of synchrotron x-ray techniques to the study ofrechargeable batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第6期27卷 1566-1583页

作者： Zhengliang Gong Yong Yang College of Energy Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian China SEate Key Laboratory for Physical chemistry of Solid Surface Department of Chernisty College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005 Fujian China

The increased use of rechargeable batteries in portable electronic devices and the continuous develop-ment of novel applications （e.g. transportation and large scale energy storage）, have raised a strong de-mand for high performance batteries with increased energy density, cycle and calendar life, safety andlower costs. This triggers significant efforts to reveal the fundamental mechanism determining batteryperformance with the use of advanced analytical techniques. However, the inherently complex character-istics of battery systems make the mechanism analysis sophisticated and difficult. synchrotron radiationis an advanced collimated light source with high intensity and tunable energies. It has particular ad-vantages in electronic structure and geometric structure （both the short-range and long-range structure）analysis of materials on different length and time scales. In the past decades, synchrotron x-ray tech-niques have been widely used to understand the fundamental mechanism and guide the technologicaloptimization of batteries. In particular, in situ and operando techniques with high spatial and temporalresolution, enable the nondestructive, real time dynamic investigation of the electrochemical reaction,and lead to significant deep insights into the battery operation mechanism. This review gives a brief introduction of the application of synchrotron x-ray techniques to the inves-tigation of battery systems. The five widely implicated techniques, including x-ray diffraction （xRD）, PairDistribution Function （PDF）, Hard and Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy （xAS） and x-ray photoelectronspectroscopy （xPS） will be reviewed, with the emphasis on their in situ studies of battery systems during cycling.

关键词： Rechargeable battery synchrotron x-ray techniques x-ray diffraction x-ray absorption spectroscopy Pair Distribution Function x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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