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Effect of Low Light on the Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence During Leaf Development of sweet pepper

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第10期11卷 1633-1643页

作者： SUI Xiao-lei MAO Sheng-li WANG Li-hao ZHANG Bao-xi ZHANG Zhen-xian College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY （low light-tolerant genotype） and 20078 （low light-sensitive genotype）, were used to study the effects of low light （photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 umol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 umol m-2 s-1） on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （PN）, photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency （Фi） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point （LCP） decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance （ФPS II） was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation （D） was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy （Ex）. Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher PN, ФPS II and lower QA reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.

关键词： sweet pepper low light photosynthetic efficiency chlorophyll fluorescence leaf development

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Effects of Cyclic Electron Flow Inhibitor(Antimycin A)on Photosystem Photoinhibition of sweet pepper Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress Under Low Irradiance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第7期5卷 506-511页

作者： LI Xin-guo ZHAO Jin-ping XU Ping-li MENG Jing-jing HE Qi-wei High-Tech Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ji＇nan 250100 P.R.China

In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 （PS 1）. One was the NADH dehydrogenase （NDH）-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. It was proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PSI was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependent non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） at chilling temperature under low irradiance （CL）. The function of the chloroplastic cyclic electron flow around PS 1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） control with its antimycin A （AA）-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 （Fv/Fm） decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700＋ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls. These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS 1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CL stress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves and controls. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes （ApH） because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS 1 under CL stress.

关键词： sweet pepper chilling stress cyclic electron flow non-photochemical quenching the xanthophyll cycle

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Effects of Short-Term Chilling Stress on the Photosystems and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in sweet pepper

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第6期4卷 429-435页

作者： LIXin-guo BIYu-ping ZHAOShi-jie MENGQing-wei HEQi-wei ZouQi High-TechResearchCenter ShandongAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesJinan250100P.R.China CollegeofLifeSciences ShandongAgriculturalUniversityTai＇an271018P.R.China／／KeyLabofCropBiologyofShandongProvinceTai＇an271018PR.China CollegeofLifeSciences ShandongAgriculturalUniversityTai＇an271018P.R.China High-TechResearchCenter ShandongAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesJinan250100P.R.China／／KeyLabofCropBiologyofShandongProvinceTai＇an271018P..R.L＇hina

By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, composition of fatty acids, active oxygen species and activities ofsome antioxidant enzymes, effects of chilling stress (4C) in the low light (100 mmol m-2 s-1) on chilling-sensitive plants werestudied. After 6 h chilling stress (4C) in the low light, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of sweetpepper leaves decreased by 35.6%, and the oxidizable P700 decreased by 60%. However, chilling stress in the dark had noeffect on both of them. Unsaturation of fatty acids in thylakoid membrane was accelerated, which might be helpful tostabilize photosynthetic apparatus. Distortion and swelling of grana caused by chilling in the dark probably decreasedactivities of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species. On the contrary,photooxidation might be related to the disintegration and unstacking of grana. Chilling stress induced photoinhibition ofPSII and PSI, and active oxygen species might be one of the factors causing the decrease of the oxidizable P700. PSIseemed to be more sensitive to chilling stress in the low light than PSII.

关键词： sweet pepper Chilling stress in the low light Ultrastructure Composition of fatty acids Active oxygen species

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pepper variome reveals the history and key loci associated with fruit domestication and diversification

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Molecular Plant 2022年第11期15卷 1744-1758页

作者： Yacong Cao Kang Zhang Hailong Yu Shumin Chen Donghui Xu Hong Zhao Zhenghai Zhang Yinqing Yang Xiaozhen Gu Xinyan Liu Haiping Wang Yaxin Jing Yajie Mei Xiang Wang Véronique Lefebvre Weili Zhang Yuan Jin Dongliang An Risheng Wang Paul Bosland Xixiang Li IIan Paran Baoxi Zhang Giovanni Giuliano Lihao Wang Feng Cheng Key Laboratory of Vegetables Geneticsand Physiology of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersCAAS(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)12 Zhongguancun South StreetBeijing 100081P.R.China INRAE GAFLUnitéde Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes84140 MontfavetFrance Institute of Vegetables Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi174 Daxue East RoadNanning 53007P.R.China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences NMSULas CrucesNM 88003USA Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research OrganizationThe Volcani CenterRishon LeZionIsrael Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division ENEAItalian National Agency for New TechnologiesEnergy and Sustainable DevelopmentVia Anguillarese301-00123 RomaItaly

pepper(Capsicum spp.)is an important vegetable crop that provides a unique pungent sensation when *** construction of a pepper variome map,we examined the main groups that emerged during domestication and breeding of ***,their relationships and temporal succession,and the molecular events underlying the main *** results showed that the initial differentiation in fruit shape and pungency,increase in fruit weight,and transition from erect to pendent fruits,as well as the recent appearance of large,blocky,sweet fruits(bell peppers),were accompanied by strong selection/fixation of key alleles and introgressions in two large genomic ***,we identified Up,which encodes a BIG GRAIN protein involved in auxin transport,as a key domestication gene that controls erect vs pendent fruit *** up mutation gained increased expression especially in the fruit pedicel through a 579-bp sequence deletion in its 5′upstream region,resulting in the phenotype of pendent *** function of Up was confirmed by virus-induced gene *** together,these findings constitute a cornerstone for understanding the domestication and differentiation of a key horticultural crop.

关键词： Capsicum variome domestication fruit orientation pungency fruit shape sweet pepper blocky fruit pepper narrow fruit pepper

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Nutrient Limiting Factors in Acidic Vegetable Soils

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Pedosphere 2006年第5期16卷 624-633页

作者： YE Xue-Jian Wang Zheng-Yin Tu Shi-Hua G.SULEWSKI College of Resources and Environmental Science Southwest University Chongqing 400716 （China） Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science Chengdu 610066 （China） Potash ＆ Phosphate Institute of Canada Saskatoon STK 1J5 （Canada）

Nutrient limiting factors in acidic soils from vegetable fields of the Chongqing suburbs of China were assessed by employing the systematic approach developed by Agro Services International (ASI) including soil testing, nutrient adsorption study, and pot and field experiments to verify the results of soil testing, with a conventional soil test (CST) used for comparison. The ASI method found the moderately acidic soil (W01) to be N and P deficient; the strongly acidic soil (W04) to be N, K and S deficient; and the slightly acidic soil (W09) to be N, K, S, Cu, Mn, and Zn deficient. The CST method showed that W01 had P, B and Cu deficiencies; W04 had N, P and S deficiencies; and W09 had N, P, S, B, Cu, and Zn deficiencies. There were differences between the two methods. Among the two indicator plants selected, the response of sorghum on the three representative acidic soils was more closely related to the ASI results than that of sweet pepper.

关键词： acidic vegetable soil nutrient limiting factor sorghum sweet pepper systematic approach

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Predicting pepper Fruit Yield Based on Temperature and Solar Radiation

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第5期4卷 360-367页

作者： Eviatar Ityel Lior Avraham Hana Alon Rivka Offenbach Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Bet Dagan 50250 lsrael R&D Darom Besor Eshko195465 Israel R&D Arava Central and Northern Arava 86825 Israel

Two separate experiments were conducted in bell pepper （Capsicum annum L.） in order to evaluate the effects of temperature and radiation on fruit yield. The results of the temperature experiment were integrated into the radiation experiment to give an overall empirical model for potential pepper fruit yield grown in greenhouse. In the temperature experiment, pepper plants were planted during the summer time of Israel in the Arava region in a commercial, one hectare greenhouse, equipped with a cooling wet-mat system. Eleven plots were assigned along the 80 m down the row from the wet mat. Air seasonal temperatures were affected by the distance from the wet-mat and linearly increased at the rate of 0.036 ℃/m, while relative humidity was not affected. Fruit yield dropped from 19.4 kg/m at a distance of 20 m, to 13.1 kg/m2 at 80 m away from the wet-mat, respectively. Yield regression decreased linearly with increased temperature at -11%/℃. In the radiation experiment, during the summer time of Israel in the Western Negev region, three sweet pepper varieties were grown under six radiation treatments, which accumulated to the following relative global radiation fractions （lint/lout）： 0.72, 0.61, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32 and 0.21 from outside radiation. The three varieties did not differ in their response to radiation. The seasonal temperature normalized yield response to radiation quantity at 21 ℃ （Y21） yielded a linear regression formula with a slope of 7.6 × 10^-3 kg/m^2/MJ. The multiplicative model of temperature and radiation on fruit yield was found to predict well the potential fruit yield for various locations and seasons in Israel.

关键词： sweet pepper greenhouse radiation temperature model fruit yield.

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