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Theoretical and Experimental Values for the Rydberg Constant Do Not Match

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第8期9卷 1993-2003页

作者： Koshun suto Chudaiji Buddhist Temple Isesaki Japan

In many areas of physics and chemistry, the Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that plays an important role. It comes into play as an indispensable physical constant in basic equations for describing natural phenomena. The Rydberg constant appears in the formula for calculating the wavelengths in the line spectrum emitted from the hydrogen atom. However, this Rydberg wavelength formula is a nonrelativistic formula derived at the level of classical quantum theory. In this paper, the Rydberg formula is rewritten as a wavelength formula taking into account the theory of relativity. When this is done, we come to an unexpected conclusion. What we try to determine by measuring spectra wavelengths is not actually the value of the Rydberg constant Rsub>∞sub> but the value Rsub>n,msub> of Formula (18). Rsub>∞sub> came into common use in the world of nonrelativistic classical quantum theory. If the theory of relativity is taken into account, Rsub>∞sub> can no longer be regarded as a physical constant. That is, we have continued to conduct experiments to this day in an attempt to determine the value of a physical constant, the Rydberg constant, which does not exist in the natural world.

关键词： Rydberg Constant Rydberg Formula Classical Quantum Theory Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship suto’s energy-momentum relationship

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The Quantum Condition That should Have Been Assumed by Bohr When Deriving the energy Levels of a Hydrogen Atom

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第6期9卷 1230-1244页

作者： Koshun suto Chudaiji Buddhist Temple Isesaki Japan

Bohr assumed a quantum condition when deriving the energy levels of a hydrogen atom. This famous quantum condition was not derived logically, but it beautifully explained the energy levels of the hydrogen atom. Therefore, Bohr’s quantum condition was accepted by physicists. However, the energy levels predicted by the eventually completed quantum mechanics do not match perfectly with the predictions of Bohr. For this reason, it cannot be said that Bohr’s quantum condition is a perfectly correct assumption. since the mass of an electron which moves inside a hydrogen atom varies, Bohr’s quantum condition must be revised. However, the newly derived relativistic quantum condition is too complex to be assumed at the beginning. The velocity of an electron in a hydrogen atom is known as the Bohr velocity. This velocity can be derived from the formula for energy levels derived by Bohr. The velocity v of an electron including the principal quantum number n is given by αc/n. This paper elucidates the fact that this formula is built into Bohr’s quantum condition. It is also concluded in this paper that it is precisely this velocity formula that is the quantum condition that should have been assumed in the first place by Bohr. From Bohr’s quantum condition, it is impossible to derive the relativistic energy levels of a hydrogen atom, but they can be derived from the new quantum condition. This paper proposes raising the status of the previously-known Bohr velocity formula.

关键词： Relativistic energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom Bohr’s Quantum Condition Bohr Velocity Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship suto’s energy-momentum relationship Relativistic Kinetic energy

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Dark Matter Interacts with Electromagnetic Waves

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Journal of High energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第4期7卷 1298-1305页

作者： Koshun suto Chudai-Ji Temple Isesaki Japan

The large-scale structure of DM cannot be directly seen, but it is believed it can be inferred from the distribution of visible galaxies formed from ordinary matter. Bright visible galaxies that emit the Lyman α (Lyα) emission line of the hydrogen atom (Lyα galaxies) are used to observe the large-scale structure of distant space. However, recently Momose et al. have reported cases where the large-scale structures of DM indicated by Lyα galaxies and other galaxies fail to match. This raises the possibility that Lyα galaxies may not correctly indicate the large-scale structure of DM. In the currently accepted cold DM model, DM and neutral hydrogen gas are thought to interact only through the mutual effects of gravity. However, according to suto, DM and ordinary matter are like two sides of the same coin. By giving and receiving approximately 2msub>esub>csup>2sup> (1.022 MeV), it is possible to mutually convert between the two. If, in future observations of the density distribution of interstellar gas using Lyα emission lines, unexpected data is obtained that cannot be explained based only on absorption by neutral hydrogen gas, then the author believes the problem can be solved with suto’s DM model.

关键词： Dark Matter Dark Hydrogen Atom Lyman α Emission Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship suto’s energy-momentum relationship

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