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Global urbanization as a shifting context for applying ecological science toward the sustainable city

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第1期1卷 44-59页

作者： Steward T.A.Pickett Weiqi Zhou Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box ABMillbrookNew York 12545 USA State Key Laboratory for Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China

There is an abundance of conceptual frameworks relevant to sustainability in urban ***,to advance urban ecological science and its application to sustainable urban transformations,key existing frameworks must be *** paper is a conceptual synthesis cast in essay form in order to encompass a broad range of relevant *** starts from the premise that the familiar models of metropolitan and megalopolitan urban structure,of industrially driven urban development,and of the contrasts between urban and non-urban lands are manifestly inadequate representations of evolving global *** inadequacy is illustrated with examples from the United States and from *** the form and the interactions involved in contemporary urbanization and urban change suggest the need for a new integrated framework synthesizing two existing yet still evolving concepts:(1)The urban megaregion framework accommodates the spatial extent,interdigitation of contrasting land uses,and the linked spatial relations between nominally urban and nominally rural areas.(2)The new concept of the continuum of urbanity emphasizes the shifts in livelihood and lifestyle driven by regional and global teleconnections and their joint effects on local environments and *** these frameworks suggest a common conceptual structure for addressing urban areas of different ages,sizes,forms,and dynamics in both urbanizing and urbanized areas in developing and developed countries and *** synthesis of frameworks points to empirical research needs,and has the potential to better match sustainability plans and actions with the diverse urban forms and dynamics now appearing around the world.

关键词： development globalization megaregion sustainable city urban ecology urban theory urbanization

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LESSONS FROM EUROPE FOR CHINA?New Urban Sub-Centres for a Polycentric Network city

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第1期5卷 88-100页

作者： Steffen Lehmann School of Architecture and Built Environment The University of Newcastle

This paper compares two cases:It relates to the development of new urban sub-centres in China,and the relationship of these sub-centres to‘Network city’*** cities move towards more polycentric systems,the case of Potsdamer Platz Berlin,compared to Zhenru Sub-Centre in Shanghai,is *** are transport-oriented developments promoting mixed-use density and transport-oriented *** to the documentation by Shanghai municipality,this new urban centre,which is currently in its planning phase,is supposed to become a‘sustainable sub-centre for a growing metropolis.’The author,who has intimate knowledge of the Berlin case,was asked to advice on the Chinese project,based on the Potsdamer Platz *** some hesitation,a series of careful recommendations were formulated for the design and development of the Zhenru Sub-Centre,knowing that it is rather difficult to translate from one case to the *** conclusion includes five recommendations for the urban design of such sub-centres,to ensure a delivery of economical,social and environmental sustainable outcomes.

关键词： New urban sub-centre network city theory China’s rapid urbanization sustainable city

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Urban development and resource endowments shape natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 806-816页

作者： Yanbing Liu Fei Lu Chaofan Xian Zhiyun Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Improving the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized is an indispensable for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. By analyzing the utilization efficiency of energy, water, and land, we established a comprehensive natural resource utilization efficiency index(NRUEI). We then calculated the 2016 index for 165 cities in China,and investigated what caused it to vary. We found three main results:(1) the NRUEI varied greatly across China and there were significant positive correlations between urban energy utilization efficiency(EUE), water utilization efficiency(WUE) and land utilization efficiency(LUE);(2) the NRUEI showed a significant positive correlation with a city’s population size,economy(Gross Domestic Product(GDP)), and the level of urban social development(GDP per capita);(3) cities in East China have the highest natural resource utilization efficiency,while cities in Northeast China have the lowest. These results indicate that China’s increasing urban development is associated with rising natural resource utilization efficiency and that the city’s endowment of natural resources is an important factor affecting that efficiency. Further, the results showed that the determinants of a city’s NRUEI differed in large and small cities. Lastly, our results suggest that improving EUE is key for improving NRUEI in urban China, and different efficiencies can be improved intertwined. A major takeaway of this study is that there is great potential for improving natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities and we include city-specific suggestions for efficiency improvements.

关键词： Urban development Resource endowment Resource utilization efficiency sustainable city

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Effects of increasing the degree of building height asymmetry on ventilation and pollutant dispersion within street canyons

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第5期5卷 727-740页

作者： Kwang Song Jon Song Il Jong Sung Hyok Ri Ju Yon Ko Sung Gi Ko Hun Kim Tok Song Ryang Chung Hyok Sin School of Environment and Architecture University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Metallic Engineering Kim Chaek University of TechnologyCentral DistrictPyongyang 900093Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Faculty of Physics Kim Chaek University of TechnologyCentral DistrictPyongyang 900093Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Natural Science Center Kim Il Sung UniversityTaesong DistrictPyongyang 900093Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Rational urban design helps to build sustainable cities with high ventilation capacity and pollutant removal ca-pacity,but the effect of building height on ventilation and pollutant dispersion inside asymmetric canyons has not been fully *** this paper,we studied the effect of increasing the degree of building height asym-metry(DBHA)on canyon ventilation and pollutant diffusion in shallow and deep asymmetric street canyons by considering six different building height ratios(BHR=3/4,1/2,1/3,4/3,2/1 and 3/1).The results show that increasing the DBHA in asymmetric canyons can improve the ventilation and pollutant removal *** step-up canyons,increasing the downwind building height is very useful to improve ventilation and pollutant *** shallow/deep step-up canyons with BHR=1/3,the air exchange rate(ACH)increased to 211.2%and 380.1%of the flat canyons,*** spatially-average pollutant concentration in the pedestrian zones(leeward Kavg∗ang windward Kavg∗)decreases significantly with the increase of DBHA,especially for the deep step-up canyon with BHR=1/3,the leeward Kavg∗and windward Kavg∗decrease to 15.3%and 3%,***,increasing the upwind building height can also improve the ventilation capacity in the step-down *** the deep step-down canyon with BHR=3/1,the leeward Kavg∗and windward Kavg∗decreased to 40.6%and 24.1%of the deep flat canyon,***,the ventilation capacity is very low for step-down canyons with BHR=4/3,and for step-down canyons with BHR≥2/1,the ventilation capacity and pollutant removal capacity increase significantly with the increase of ***,in urban planning,step-down canyons with BHR=4/3 should be avoided and designed to satisfy the condition of BHR≥2/*** findings will be a valuable reference for urban designers to build sustainable cities with high ventilation capacity.

关键词： Building height Asymmetric street canyon Ventilation Traffic pollutant sustainable city

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World cities in terms of the sustainable development concept

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 304-311页

作者： Kostiantyn Niemets Kateryna Kravchenko Yurii Kandyba Pavlo Kobylin Cezar Morar Department of Human Geography and Regional Studies Faculty of GeologyGeographyRecreation and TourismV.N.Karazin Kharkiv National UniversitySvobody Sq.4Kharkiv 61022Ukraine Department of Geography Tourism and Territorial PlanningFaculty of GeographyTourismand SportUniversity of OradeaUniversity St.C.Hall Office 221Oradea 410087Romania

The article considers the issue of the world cities in terms of sustainable *** population has been increasing in such intensive rates never reached during the middle of the 20th *** expansion of the cities indicates,on the one hand,the growth of the world’s general socio-economic development,on the other hand,it raises a number of economic,social and environmental *** purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state and prospects of the world cities in terms of the sustainable development concept,to identify opportunities,threats,strengths and weaknesses of the world cities,to determine the role of cities in the con-temporary global world and consider further research of the world’s *** authors analyzed the world cities rankings and noted that highly developed cities have more chances to quickly implement the sustainable devel-opment concept compared to medium-sized cities due to larger financial *** authors built a SWOT analysis of the world cities transformation in terms of the sustainable development concept,identified strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and *** to the results of the SWOT analysis,the authors established that sustainable development of cities requires significant investments,particularly in the social sphere develop-ment,purification,and preservation of urban nature from the anthropogenic *** research result is the systematization of the sustainable development criteria used in compiling the world cities rankings,determining the possibilities of the contemporary cities transition to the sustainable development concept.

关键词： World cities sustainable development Ranking Eco-city Smart city sustainable city

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Nanotechnology as a sustainable Approach for Achieving sustainable Future

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2021年第4期9卷 877-890页

作者： Nora Mohammed Rehan Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering Ahram Canadian University Cairo Egypt

The nanotechnology revolution affected positively Architecture. Using nanotechnology is considered one of the most successful modern methods to achieve sustainable buildings with high functional efficiency. The discipline is Nano architecture, which uses Nanomaterials, products, or even Nano-shapes in the treatment of structure and construction. Despite the economic and urban advantages of using nanotechnology in the field of architecture and urbanism, we note that using nanotechnology is limited to some buildings uses in the city centers until now such as Administrative, commercial, educational, health, and recreational buildings or residential buildings. In spite of that, we found that nanotechnology was not used in priority buildings as “nuclear power plants” as it is considered one of the most eligible buildings to rely on nanotechnology to achieve safety, security, and functional efficiency requirements which have a great impact on advancing the movement of urban development. From this standpoint, the research recommends the necessity of following a methodology to activate the establishment of nuclear power plants with such technology to preserve the safety of construction, reduce energy consumption, conserve economic resources and reduce pollution. The research is exposed to highlight a set of case studies that used such an effective technique and conclude a group of criteria that are recommended to be followed in the implementation and construction of the Dabaa plant in Egypt to achieve a sustainable nuclear power plant. So the research objective aims to adopt the idea of applying nanotechnology in various uses, whether it is in the city center or the outskirt of the city in order to develop these urban cities and transform them into

关键词： Nanotechnology sustainable city Smart Building Nuclear Power Plant

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弹性城市研究框架综述

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区域与城市经济 2014年第12期

作者：李彤玥牛品一顾朝林

当代城市面临洪灾、地震、气候变化、流行疾病、贫穷、经济波动等急性冲击和慢性压力，城市需要构建弹性来应对这些危机。目前，已针对城市系统、气候变化和灾害风险管理、能源等领域构建了弹性城市研究框架，其中美国洛克菲勒基金会针... 详细信息

当代城市面临洪灾、地震、气候变化、流行疾病、贫穷、经济波动等急性冲击和慢性压力，城市需要构建弹性来应对这些危机。目前，已针对城市系统、气候变化和灾害风险管理、能源等领域构建了弹性城市研究框架，其中美国洛克菲勒基金会针对城市系统提出的弹性框架因囊括了社会、经济、环境、制度、基础设施等诸多领域而系统全面，有利于指导弹性城市研究和实践；城市气候变化及灾害风险弹性框架提出了“识别-分析评价-诊断-行动计划”的弹性构建流程。比较弹性城市研究和城市可持续发展研究的概念框架可以发现：弹性城市概念框架更具有问题导向研究和实用的特性，兼具规避风险和减灾及增强灾后恢复的针对性，同时更关注全部城市系统响应多元压力并具有多样化的吸收能力及冗余性。目前，弹性城市框架已被国外广泛研究并应用于构建城市应对飓风、地震、海啸等自然灾害的弹性实践中。我国的弹性城市研究还刚刚开始，现就国外弹性城市进展进行研究，主要介绍弹性城市概念，针对城市系统、气候变化和灾害风险管理、城市能源等三种弹性城市研究框架，同时还就弹性城市与可持续城市研究框架进行了比较研究。

关键词：弹性城市城市研究方法灾害风险管理可持续城市 resilient city urban research method disaster risk management sustainable city

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