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Quantitative analysis of the morphing wing mechanism of raptors: Analysis methods, folding motions, and bionic design of Falco Peregrinus

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 344-352页

作者： Di Tang Xipeng Huang Jinqi Che Weijie Jin Yahui Cui Yangjun Chen Yuxiao Yuan Zhongyong Fan Weiwei Lu Siyu Wang Yin Yang Dawei Liu College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Affiliated HangZhou XiXi hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310023China Zhejiang Museum of Natural History Hangzhou 310014China High Speed Aerodynamic Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China

Raptors can change the shape and area of their wings to an exceptional degree in a fast and efficient manner,surpassing other birds,insects,or bats.Some researchers have focused on the functional properties of muscle skeletons,mechanics,and flapping robot design.However,the wing motion of the birds of prey has not been measured quantitatively,and synthetic bionic wings with morphing abilities similar to raptors are far from reality.Therefore,in the current study,a 3D suspension system for holding bird carcasses was designed and fabricated to fasten the wings of Falco Peregrinus with a series of morphing postures.Subsequently,the wing skeleton of the falcon was scanned during extending motions using the computed tomography(CT)approach to obtain three consecutive poses.Subsequently,the skeleton was reconstructed to identify the contribution of the forelimb bones to the extending/folding motions.Inspired by these findings,we propose a simple mechanical model with four bones to form a wing-morphing mechanism using the proposed pose optimisation method.Finally,a bionic wing mechanism was implemented to imitate the motion of the falcon wing—divided into inner and outer wings with folding and twisting motions.The results show that the proposed four-bar mechanism can track bone motion paths with high fidelity.

关键词： Falco Peregrinus Raptor suspension system CT scan Bionic wings Four-bar mechanism

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Vehicle Ride Comfort Based on Matching suspension system

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2011年第2期24卷 271-276页

作者： SHI Jianpeng State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation Jilin University Changchun 130025 China Technical Center Dongfeng Motor Corporation Wuhan 430056 China

The existing investigations of vehicle ride comfort mainly include motion characteristics analysis based on creating a multi-body dynamic simulation model,and the parameters analysis to improve the suspension control for the target.In the study of creating multi-body dynamics simulation models,there is usually without considering calibration and test verification,which make it difficult to ensure the production of engineering.In the study of improving the suspension control parameters for the target,there is a lack of systematic match about comfortable and human characteristics,so it is difficult to implement in the field of driving and leading the vehicle design.In this paper,based on the different characteristic of suspension system that effects on the vehicle ride comfort, according to the suspension system dynamic mechanism,the research methods of vehicle road test,bench test and CAE simulation is used,at the same time,several sensitivity analysis of vehicle ride comfort related to suspension stiffness and damping and speed is made. As a result,the key suspension systematic parameters are given that have important impact on vehicle ride comfort.Through matching parameters,a calibration analysis of suspension system based on human comfort is obtained.The analysis results show that the analysis methods for the design target of making the vehicle with best comfort are effective.On the basis of the theory study,five suspension parameter matching principles are explored to promise the vehicle with perfect ride comfort,which also provide theoretical basis and design methods for the passenger car best match of suspension system stiffness and damping.The research results have the promotional value of practicability and a wide range of engineering application.

关键词： automobile vehicle ride comfort suspension system matching

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Electrorheological Damper and Its Application for Semi-Active suspension system

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2007年第1期16卷 9-12页

作者：赵霞张永发 School of Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

A semi-active control of vehicle suspension system with eleetrorheolngieal （ER） damper is presented. ER fluid characteristics are introduced based on the Bingham plasticity model first. Then ER damper working force is given. Finally a quarter car model with ER damper is constructed. The skyhook control strategy is adopted to simulate the amplitude-frequency characteristics and the vibration of suspension system under random road excitation on the basis of ER damper characteristics. The response curves of the vertical acceleration, the suspension dynamic working space and the tyre dynamic loading are obtained. Simulation results show that the acceleration is reduced effectively and then the ride comfort is improved by the skyhook control law.

关键词： dectrorheological（ER） fluid ER damper suspension system semi-active control skyhook control

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Analyses and Simulation of Fuzzy Logic Control for suspension system of a Track Vehicle

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2008年第2期17卷 164-167页

作者：于杨魏雪霞张永发 School of Science Beijing Institute of Technology

The vibration caused by terrible road excitation affects the ride quality and safety of track vehicles. The vibration control of suspension systems is a very important factor for modern track vehicles. A fuzzy logic control for suspension system of a track vehicle is presented. A mechanical model and a system of difft, rential equations of motion taking account of the mass of loading wheel are established. Then the fuzzy logic control is applied to control the vibration of suspension system of track vehicles for sine signal and random road surfaces. Numerical simulation shows that the maximum acceleration of suspension system can be reduced to 44 % of the original value for sine signal road surface, and the mean square root of acceleration of suspension system can be reduced to 21% for random road surface. Therefore, the proposed fuzzy logic control is an efficient method for the suspension systems of track vehicles.

关键词： suspension system track vehicle vibration fuzzy logic control numerical simulation

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Performance of a novel energy-regenerative active suspension system

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Journal of Chongqing University 2015年第3期14卷 109-118页

作者：黄大山 ZHANG Jin-qiu LIU Yi-le WANG Xing-ye Department of Equipment Testing & Training Academy of Armored Force Engineering

A novel energy-regenerative active suspension(NEAS) system was designed to solve the problem of low energy recovery efficiency caused by frequent alternation of energy-recovery mode and active-control mode in a traditional energyregenerative active suspension(TEAS) system. The energy recovery and active control could be implemented simultaneously in the NEAS. The transforming processes and the corresponding computational formulas of power conversion in the NEAS were provided. The simulation results show that the performances of energy recovery of the NEAS are improved, and the selfsustaining of power supply for the NEAS can be realized.

关键词： suspension system energy recovery active control

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A Study of IVECO Automobile suspension system by Simulation

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International Journal of Plant Engineering and Management 2008年第4期13卷 232-236页

作者： SU Xiao-ping LU Dong-sheng ZHENG Dan-dan WANG Liang-mo College of Mechanical & Power Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 P.R. China School of Mechanics Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P.R. China

For analyzing the ride comfort performance, a dynamical model of an IVECO vehicle was built in this paper. The simulation study of the IVECO vehicle suspension performance on random uneven road is carried out by means of the dynamical model. The effects of suspension system parameters on the vehicle ride comfort parameter, i. e. , the root mean square （ RMS） of the vibrating acceleration of the vehicle body, are analyzed. The optimal parameters and initial value of the suspension system can be determined by the model and the method of this paper.

关键词： IVECO vehicle suspension system simulation model ride comfort

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MBPLS-Based Rail Vehicle suspension system Fault Detection

MBPLS-Based Rail Vehicle Suspension System Fault Detection

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第26届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Xiukun Wei Ying Guo Limin Jia State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479937097

The suspension system plays a crucial role of rail vehicles. The fault detection of the suspension system is an effective way to ensure the security, stable operation of rail vehicles. This paper concerns the fault detection issue of rail vehicle suspension systems with the extended form of Partial Least Squares（PLS）, which is Multi-block Partial Least Squares（MBPLS）. The signal information used in the fault detection is obtained from the SIMPACK and MATLAB co-simulation environment. In this paper, the typical primary spring and damper faults and secondary spring and damper faults are detected successfully using MBPLS. MBPLS is applied to the block data, and the statistical index SPE and 2T are used to monitor the performance of the suspension system. Compared with DPCA, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the simulation results for several fault scenarios of primary and secondary faults.

关键词： Fault detection suspension system MBPLS Railway

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Wind tunnel test of gust load alleviation for a large-scale full aircraft model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第4期36卷 201-216页

作者： Dongqiang ZHAO Zhichun YANG Xianang ZENG Jinge YU Yining GAO Guoning HUANG School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China AVIC The First Aircraft Institute Xi’an 710089China AVIC Aerodynamics Research Institute Harbin 150001China

Wind tunnel test is an important way to test the performance of Gust Load Alleviation(GLA).At present,some component-level wind tunnel tests have been carried out in big aviation countries,but there is a lack of full aircraft model GLA tests.In this study,a set of large-scale GLA test system in low-speed wind tunnel is developed,which includes a gust generator,a five-degree-of-freedom suspension system,a full elastic aircraft model with control system,and gust load measuring devices.Two control schemes based on closed-loop feedback control and open-loop feed forward control are respectively designed and verified by the full-model GLA tests in the wind tunnel.The experimental results show that the designed gust generator can generate a stable wideband,wide-area gust wind field;the suspension support system can sustain static and dynamic stability during wind tunnel test,and enables the model moving in the horizontal,vertical,pitching,rolling and yawing directions.The results show that the closed-loop feedback control can obtain good control performance of reducing the peak values of elastic vibration response induced by gust excitation,but has little effect on suppressing the rigid body motion excited by low-frequency gust,while the open-loop feed forward control presents superior performance in allevi-ating the high-frequency elastic vibration as well as the low-frequency rigid body motion with more than 40%overall reduction rate.

关键词： Alleviation Full model Gust generator suspension system Wind tunnel

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Study of Longitudinal-Vertical Dynamics for In-Wheel Motor-Driven Electric Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2021年第2期4卷 227-237页

作者： Yechen Qin Ze Zhao Zhenfeng Wang Guofa Li School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China CAT ARC(Tianjin)Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co. LtdTianjin 300300China Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The in-wheel motor(IWM)-driven electric vehicles(EVs)attract increasing attention due to their advantages in dimensions and controllability.The majority of the current studies on IWM are carried out with the assumption of an ideal actuator,in which the coupling effects between the non-ideal IWM and vehicle are ignored.This paper uses the braking process as an example to investigate the longitudinal-vertical dynamics of IWM-driven EVs while considering the mechanical-electrical coupling effect.First,a nonlinear switched reluctance motor model is developed,and the unbalanced electric magnetic force(UEMF)induced by static and dynamic mixed eccentricity is analyzed.Then,the UEMF is decomposed into longitudinal and vertical directions and included in the longitudinal-vertical vehicle dynamics.The coupling dynamics are demonstrated under different vehicle braking scenarios;numerical simulations are carried out for various road grades,road friction,and vehicle velocities.A novel dynamics vibration absorbing system is adopted to improve the vehicle dynamics.Finally,the simulation results show that vehicle vertical dynamic performance is enhanced.

关键词： Mechanical-electrical coupling Longitudinal-vertical dynamics In-wheel motor suspension system

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General Torsional Stiffness Matching of Off-road Vehicle

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2009年第3期22卷 331-335页

作者： HUANG Song Dongfeng Motor Corporation Wuhan 430056 China

Increasing frame torsional stiffness of off-road vehicle will lead to the decrease of body torsional deformation, but the increase of torsional loads of frame and suspension system and the decrease of wheel adhesive weight. In severe case, a certain wheel will be out of contact with road surface. Appropriate matching of body, frame and suspension torsional stiffnesses is a difficult problem for off-road vehicle design. In this paper, these theoretically analytic models of the entire vehicle, body, frame and suspension torsional stiffness are constructed based on the geometry and mechanism of a light off-road vehicle＇s body, frame and suspension. The body and frame torsional stiffnesses can be calculated by applying body CAE method, meanwhile the suspension＇s rolling angle stiffness can be obtained by the bench test of the suspension＇s elastic elements. Through fixing the entire vehicle, using sole timber to raise wheels to simulate the road impact on a certain wheel, the entire vehicle torsional stiffness can be calculated on the geometric relation and loads of testing. Finally some appropriate matching principles of the body, frame and suspension torsional stiffness are summarized according to the test and analysis results. The conclusion can reveal the significance of the suspension torsional stiffness on off-road vehicle＇s torsion-absorbing capability. The results could serve as a reference for the design of other off-road vehicles.

关键词： off-road vehicle bodywork frame suspension system torsional stiffness matching

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