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Colorectal cancer screening:The value of early detection and modern challenges

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2726-2730页

作者： Jian Li Zhi-Peng Li Wen-Jie Ruan Wei Wang Department of Interventional Oncology Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000Zhejiang ProvinceChina School of Medicine Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

The screening of colorectal cancer(CRC)is pivotal for both the prevention and treatment of this disease,significantly improving early-stage tumor detection rates.This advancement not only boosts survival rates and quality of life for patients but also reduces the costs associated with treatment.However,the adoption of CRC screening methods faces numerous challenges,including the technical limitations of both noninvasive and invasive methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity.Moreover,socioeconomic factors such as regional disparities,economic conditions,and varying levels of awareness affect screening uptake.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further intensified these challenges,leading to reduced screening participation and increased waiting periods.Additionally,the growing prevalence of early-onset CRC necessitates innovative screening approaches.In response,research into new methodologies,including artificial intelligence-based systems,aims to improve the precision and accessibility of screening.Proactive measures by governments and health organizations to enhance CRC screening efforts are underway,including increased advocacy,improved service delivery,and international cooperation.The role of technological innovation and global health collaboration in advancing CRC screening is undeniable.Technologies such as artificial intelligence and gene sequencing are set to revolutionize CRC screening,making a significant impact on the fight against this disease.Given the rise in early-onset CRC,it is crucial for screening strategies to continually evolve,ensuring their effectiveness and applicability.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Early detection Economic implications Noninvasive tests Quality of life survival rates Therapeutic modalities Technical challenges

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Hepatic Resection Versus Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Plus Transhepatic Arterial Chemoembolization for Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma:A Propensity Score Analysis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第5期9卷 672-681页

作者： Jing Sun Wen-Gang Li Quan Wang Wei-Ping He Hong-Bo Wang Ping Han Tao Zhang Ai-Min Zhang Yu-Ze Fan Ying-Zhe Sun Xue-Zhang Duan Radiation Oncology Department Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Hepatic Surgery Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Background and Aims:There are no comparative studies on the efficacy of hepatic resection(HR)and CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy(CK-SBRT)plus transhepatic arterial chemotherapy embolization(TACE)in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the efficacy of HR and CKSBRT+TACE in large HCC.Methods:A total of one hundred and sixteen patients were selected from November 2011 to December 2016.Among them,50 were allocated to the CKSBRT+TACE group and 66 were allocated to the HR group.The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)rates.Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline differences between the groups.Results:Thirtysix paired patients were selected from the CK-SBRT+TACE and HR groups.After propensity score matching,the 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 83.3%,77.8%and 66.7%in the HR group and 80.6%,72.2%and 52.8%in the CKSBRT+TACE group,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year PFS rates were 71.6%,57.3%and 42.3%in the HR group and 66.1%,45.8%and 39.3%in the CK-SBRT+TACE group,respectively(OS:p=0.143;PFS:p=0.445).Both a high platelet count and low alpha-fetoprotein value were revealed as influencing factors in improving OS and PFS.Conclusions:CK-SBRT+TACE brought local effects that were similar to those of HR in HCC patients with a large and single lesion.Moreover,the liver injury occurrence rate was acceptable in both groups.

关键词： CyberKnife Radiation-induced liver disease survival rates Large hepatocellular carcinoma

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Rehabilitation of degraded areas in northeastern Patagonia, Argentina: Effects of environmental conditions and plant functional traits on performance of native woody species

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 653-665页

作者： Juan M ZEBERIO Carolina A PÉREZ National University of Río Negro Atlantic HeadquartersCenter for Environmental Studies from Norpatagonia(CEANPa)Viedma 8500Argentina National Council of Scientific and Technical Research(CONICET) Viedma 8500Argentina Ecological and Environmental Systems Research Laboratory(LISEA) National University of La PlataLa Plata 1900Argentina

Degradation processes affect a vast area of arid and semi-arid lands around the world and damage the environment and people′s health. Degradation processes are driven by human productive activities that cause direct and indirect effects on natural resources, such as species extinction at regional scale, reduction and elimination of vegetation cover, soil erosion, etc. In this context, ecological rehabilitation is an important tool to recover key aspects of the degraded ecosystem. Rehabilitation trials rely on the use of native plant species with characteristics that allow them to obtain high survival and growth rates. The aim of this work was to assess the survival and growth of native woody species in degraded areas of northeastern Patagonia and relate them to plant functional traits and environmental variables. We observed high early and late survival rates, and growth rates in Prosopis flexuosa DC. var. depressa F.A. Roig and Schinus johnstonii F.A. Barkley, and low values in Condalia microphylla Cav. and Geoffroea decorticans(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart. Early survival rates were positively associated with specific leaf area(SLA) and precipitation, but negatively associated with wood density, the maximum mean temperature of the warmest month and the minimum mean temperature of the coldest month. Late survival rates were positively associated with SLA and soil organic matter, but negatively associated with plant height and precipitation. The temperature had a positive effect on late survival rates once the plants overcame the critical period of the first summer after they were transplanted to the field. Prosopis flexuosa and S. johnstonii were the most successful species in our study. This could be due to their functional traits that allow these species to acclimatize to the local environment. Further research should focus on C. microphylla and G. decorticans to determine how they relate to productive conditions, acclimation to environmental stress, auto-ecology and potential use in ecological rehabilitat

关键词： arid lands Condalia microphylla Geoffroea decorticans Prosopis flexuosa Schinus johnstonii survival rates height growth basal diameter growth

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Does Surgery Have a Relevant Role in the Primary Treatment of Locoregionally Advanced Oropharyngeal Carcinomas?

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第6期2卷 263-270页

作者： Joana Guimaraes Sara Cruz Eduardo Breda Eurico Monteiro Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Portuguese Institute of Oncology—Francisco GentilOportoPortugal

Background: Treatment concepts for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas are controversial. This review compares the results obtained by distinct treatment options in locoregionally oropharyngeal advanced carcinomas: primary surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. Methods: 57 patients with stage III and IV oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were selected. 17 patients were treated with primary surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 40 patients were treated only with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed regarding survival rates according to tumor location, stage, treatment regimen and recurrence. Results: Two-year loco-regional control rates were 94% after surgery plus chemoradiotherapy and 55% after chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.016). Progression free survival rates were 88% and 27%, respectively (p 0.001). Overall survival rates were 88% and 45%, respectively (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In this study, primary surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy showed better clinical outcomes with a lower risk of death associated with tumor and tumor progression.

关键词： Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Primary Surgical Resection survival rates

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Myasthenia gravis with thymomas: treatment and prognosis

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中国临床神经科学 2000年第Z1期8卷 88-页

作者： Tao Wu Lai-Hai Tu Ren-Qin Zhang Department of Neurology Changhai Hospital Shanghai P. R. China Department of Neurology Changhai Hospital Shanghai P. R. China Department of Neurology Changhai Hospital Shanghai P. R. China

Objective to evaluate the treatments and prognostie factots of myasthenia gravis(MG) with thymomas. Methods: Our study was based on 103 cases of MG with surgically proved thymomas We analysis the subtypes of MG, the types and invasiveness of thymoma and evaluated the long-term effective rate and survival rate Ossermarl degree of MG has been scored as following Grade I :19(18.4%):ⅡA:15(14.6%);ⅡB:48(46.6%):Ⅲ11(10.7%); Ⅳ:8(7.8%). There were 50 patients with lymphocytic predominant 23 the mixed 29 the epithelial predominant I spinal cell thymoma Stage was classified as suggested by Masaoka as following Stage I 57 cases(55.3%). Ⅱ cases(22.3%). Ⅲ 21 cases(20.4%). Ⅳ 2 cases(1.9%)。 Seventy-six patients were administered with steroids (dexamethasone or prednisone). Seven patients were administered with chemothecapy with cyclophosphamide 59 patients were received radiation therapy to the mediastinum as postopenative treatment or beforee opetation. Results: Eighty-one patients with Masaoka Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages fifteen patients with Ⅲ stage were resected totally. 5 patits were with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ resected subtotally and 2 patients with stage m received only biopsy. The symptoms of MG were improved in 69 patients postopentively exacerbated in 26 (18 cases with myasthenia crisis), unchanged in 5 and sppcared postoperatively in 2 cases. One casc died of operative complications. The rates of postoperative myasthenia cnsis were 13/46(28.3%) in 1970s and 1980s and 5/57(8.8%) in 1990s. local relapse occurred in 9 of 103 (8.7%)of patients liwenty three patients obtained complete remission (22.3%), 26 pharmacological remission (25.2%), 13 marked improvement(12.6%), 19 improvement (18.4%), 4 no change (3.9%) and 18 death (17.5%). The overall effective rate was 78.6%. The overall survival rates were 77.8% and 48.5% at 5 and 10 years respectively Among the three lustologie types, the surviaval rates at 5 years of 10 years of lymphyocytie thymoma were 88.9% and 72.7% respectively mixed thymoma 83.3% and 5835, epithelial thymoma 55.6% and 10.0%.

关键词： survival rates complete remission radiation therapy myasthenia gravis

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