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A survey on causal inference for recommendation

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 130-144页

作者： Huishi Luo Fuzhen Zhuang Ruobing Xie Hengshu Zhu Deqing Wang Zhulin An Yongjun Xu Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing 100094China WeChat Search Application Department TencentBeijing 100080China The Career Science Laboratory BOSS ZhipinBeijing 100028China SKLSDE School of Computer ScienceBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Causal inference has recently garnered significant interest among recommender system(RS)researchers due to its ability to dissect cause-and-effect relationships and its broad applicability across multiple fields.It offers a framework to model the causality in RSs such as confounding effects and deal with counterfactual problems such as offline policy evaluation and data augmentation.Although there are already some valuable surveys on causal recommendations,they typically classify approaches based on the practical issues faced in RS,a classification that may disperse and fragment the uni-fied causal theories.Considering RS researchers’unfamiliarity with causality,it is necessary yet challenging to comprehensively review relevant studies from a coherent causal theoretical perspective,thereby facilitating a deeper integration of causal inference in RS.This survey provides a systematic review of up-to-date papers in this area from a causal theory standpoint and traces the evolutionary development of RS methods within the same causal strategy.First,we introduce the fundamental concepts of causal inference as the basis of the following review.Subsequently,we propose a novel theory-driven taxonomy,categorizing existing methods based on the causal theory employed,namely those based on the potential outcome framework,the structural causal model,and general counterfactuals.The review then delves into the technical details of how existing methods apply causal inference to address particular recommender issues.Finally,we highlight some promising directions for future research in this field.Representative papers and open-source resources will be progressively available at https://***/Chrissie-Law/Causal-Inference-forRecommendation.

关键词： survey details causal

Enhancing Storage Efficiency and Performance: A survey of Data Partitioning Techniques

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第2期39卷 346-368页

作者：刘鹏举李翠平陈红 Distinguished Member CCF 1.School of InformationRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education Beijing 100872China

Data partitioning techniques are pivotal for optimal data placement across storage devices,thereby enhancing resource utilization and overall system throughput.However,the design of effective partition schemes faces multiple challenges,including considerations of the cluster environment,storage device characteristics,optimization objectives,and the balance between partition quality and computational efficiency.Furthermore,dynamic environments necessitate robust partition detection mechanisms.This paper presents a comprehensive survey structured around partition deployment environments,outlining the distinguishing features and applicability of various partitioning strategies while delving into how these challenges are addressed.We discuss partitioning features pertaining to database schema,table data,workload,and runtime metrics.We then delve into the partition generation process,segmenting it into initialization and optimization stages.A comparative analysis of partition generation and update algorithms is provided,emphasizing their suitability for different scenarios and optimization objectives.Additionally,we illustrate the applications of partitioning in prevalent database products and suggest potential future research directions and solutions.This survey aims to foster the implementation,deployment,and updating of high-quality partitions for specific system scenarios.

关键词： data partitioning survey partitioning feature partition generation partition update

Enhancing landslide hazards survey and management to reduce the loss of human lives and properties

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 169-170页

作者： Yong-shuang Zhang School of Engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Institute of Geosafety China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering constructions.Annually,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。

关键词： hazards survey dollar

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Categorizing methods for integrating machine learning with executable specifications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 5-19页

作者： David HAREL Raz YERUSHALMI Assaf MARRON Achiya ELYASAF Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Deep learning(DL),which includes deep reinforcement learning(DRL),holds great promise for carrying out real-world tasks that human minds seem to cope with quite readily.That promise is already delivering extremely impressive results in a variety of areas.However,while DL-enabled systems achieve excellent performance,they are far from perfect.It has been demonstrated,in several domains,that DL systems can err when they encounter cases they had not hitherto encountered.Furthermore,the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to explain their behavior and ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human engineers.At the other end of the software development spectrum of methods,behavioral programming(BP) facilitates orderly system development using self-standing executable modules aligned with how humans intuitively describe desired system behavior.In this paper,we elaborate on different approaches for combining DRL with BP and,more generally,machine learning(ML) with executable specifications(ES).We begin by defining a framework for studying the various approaches,which can also be used to study new emerging approaches not covered here.We then briefly review state-of-the-art approaches to integrating ML with ES,continue with a focus on DRL,and then present the merits of integrating ML with BP.We conclude with guidelines on how this categorization can be used in decision making in system development,and outline future research challenges.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence grey box learning domain knowledge rules behavioral programming deep reinforcement learning survey

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in India: Are we ready for 2040?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 141-153页

作者： Hirak Pahari Amruth Raj Ambreen Sawant Dipak S Ahire Raosaheb Rathod Chetan Rathi Tushar Sankalecha Sachin Palnitkar Vikram Raut Department of Liver Transplant and HPB Surgery Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Department of Liver Transplant Anaesthesia Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210India Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsAurangabad 431003India Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsNashik 422009India Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsPune 411026India

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been widely researched and is well established worldwide.The cornerstone of this treatment lies in the various criteria formulated by expert consensus and experience.The variations among the criteria are staggering,and the short-and long-term outcomes are controversial.AIM To study the differences in the current practices of LT for HCC at different centers in India and discuss their clinical implications in the future.METHODS We conducted a survey of major centers in India that performed LT in December 2022.A total of 23 responses were received.The centers were classified as high-and low-volume,and the current trend of care for patients undergoing LT for HCC was noted.RESULTS Of the 23 centers,35%were high volume center(>500 Liver transplants)while 52%were high-volume centers that performed more than 50 transplants/year.Approximately 39%of centers had performed>50 LT for HCC while the percent distribution for HCC in LT patients was 5%–15%in approximately 73%of the patients.Barring a few,most centers were divided equally between University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)and center-specific criteria when choosing patients with HCC for LT,and most(65%)did not have separate transplant criteria for deceased donor LT and living donor LT(LDLT).Most centers(56%)preferred surgical resection over LT for a Child A cirrhosis patient with a resectable 4 cm HCC lesion.Positron-emission tomography-computed tomography(CT)was the modality of choice for metastatic workup in the majority of centers(74%).Downstaging was the preferred option for over 90%of the centers and included transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial radioembolization,stereotactic body radiotherapy and atezolizumab/bevacizumab with varied indications.The alphafetoprotein(AFP)cut-off was used by 74%of centers to decide on transplantation as well as to downstage tumors,even if they met the criteria.The criteria for successful downstaging varied,but most centers conformed to the UCSF or

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplant India Downstaging survey Milan University of California,San Francisco Portal vein tumor thrombus Expanded criteria

survey on leveraging pre-trained generative adversarial networks for image editing and restoration

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 28-55页

作者： Ming LIU Yuxiang WEI Xiaohe WU Wangmeng ZUO Lei ZHANG School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Generative adversarial networks(GANs) have drawn enormous attention due to their simple yet efective training mechanism and superior image generation quality. With the ability to generate photorealistic high-resolution(e.g., 1024 × 1024) images, recent GAN models have greatly narrowed the gaps between the generated images and the real ones. Therefore, many recent studies show emerging interest to take advantage of pre-trained GAN models by exploiting the well-disentangled latent space and the learned GAN priors. In this study, we briefly review recent progress on leveraging pre-trained large-scale GAN models from three aspects, i.e.,(1) the training of large-scale generative adversarial networks,(2) exploring and understanding the pre-trained GAN models, and(3) leveraging these models for subsequent tasks like image restoration and editing.

关键词： survey generative adversarial networks pre-trained models image editing image restoration

Temporal trends and rural-urban disparities in cerebrovascular risk factors,in-hospital management and outcomes in ischaemic strokes in China from 2005 to 2015:a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 34-50页

作者： Chun-Juan Wang Hong-Qiu Gu Xin-Miao Zhang Yong Jiang Hao Li Janet Prvu Bettger Xia Meng Ke-Hui Dong Run-Qi Wangqin Xin Yang Meng Wang Chelsea Liu Li-Ping Liu Bei-Sha Tang Guo-Zhong Li Yu-Ming Xu Zhi-Yi He Yi Yang Winnie Yip Gregg C Fonarow Lee H Schwamm Ying Xian Xing-Quan Zhao Yi-Long Wang Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeiingChina Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijngChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease BeijingChina Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurology Duke Univeristy Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Neuro-intensive Care Unit Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment National Health Commission(Province and Ministry Co-constructed)ZhengzhouHenanChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Neurology The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Chinese Inst

Background Stroke is the leading cause of mortality in China,with limited evidence of in-hospital burden obtained from nationwide surveys.We aimed to monitor and track the temporal trends and rural-urban disparities in cerebrovascular risk factors,management and outcomes from 2005 to 2015.Methods We used a two-stage random sampling survey to create a nationally representative sample of patients admitted for ischaemic stroke in 2005,2010 and 2015.We sampled participating hospitals with an economic-geographical region-stratified random-sampling approach first and then obtained patients with a systematic sampling approach.We weighed our survey data to estimate the national-level results and assess changes from 2005 to 2015.Results We analysed 28277 ischaemic stroke admissions from 189 participating hospitals.From 2005 to 2015,the estimated national hospital admission rate for ischaemic stroke per 100000 people increased(from 75.9 to 402.7,Ptrend<0.001),and the prevalence of risk factors,including hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidaemia and current smoking,increased.The composite score of diagnostic tests for stroke aetiology assessment(from 0.22 to 0.36,Ptrend<0.001)and secondary prevention treatments(from 0.46 to 0.70,Ptrend<0.001)were improved.A temporal decrease was found in discharge against medical advice(DAMA)(from 15.2%(95%CI 13.7%to 16.7%)to 8.6%(8.1%to 9.0%);adjusted Ptrend=0.046),and decreases in in-hospital mortality(0.7%in 2015 vs 1.8%in 2005;adjusted OR(aOR)0.52;95%CI 0.32 to 0.85)and the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA(8.4%in 2015 vs 13.9%in 2005;aOR 0.65;95%CI 0.47 to 0.89)were observed.Disparities between rural and urban hospitals narrowed;however,disparities persisted in in-hospital management(brain MRI:rural-urban difference from−14.4%to−11.2%;cerebrovascular assessment:from−20.3%to−16.7%;clopidogrel:from−2.1%to−10.3%;anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation:from−10.9%to−8.2%)and in-hospital outcomes(DAMA:from 2.7%to 5.0%;composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or DAMA:from 2.4%to 4.

关键词： admitted nationwide survey

Overview of the LAMOST survey in the first decade

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The Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 49-64页

作者： Hongliang Yan Haining Li Song Wang Weikai Zong Haibo Yuan Maosheng Xiang Yang Huang Jiwei Xie Subo Dong Hailong Yuan Shaolan Bi Yaoquan Chu Xiangqun Cui Licai Deng Jianning Fu Zhanwen Han Jinliang Hou Guoping Li Chao Liu Jifeng Liu Xiaowei Liu Ali Luo Jianrong Shi Xuebing Wu Haotong Zhang Gang Zhao Yongheng Zhao CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl69117HeidelbergGermany South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of EducationNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&TechnologyNanjing 210042China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesCASBeijing 100101China WHU-NAOC Joint Center for Astronomy Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST),also known as the Guoshoujing Telescope,is a major national scientific facility for astronomical research located in Xinglong,China.Beginning with a pilot survey in 2011,LAMOST has been surveying the night sky for more than 10 years.The LAMOST survey covers various objects in the Universe,from normal stars to peculiar ones.

关键词： China survey surveying

Status of the neonatal follow‑up system in China:survey and analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第11期19卷 1104-1110页

作者： Qi Zhou Yun Cao Lan Zhang Nurya Erejep Wen‑Long Xiu Jing‑Yun Shi Rui Cheng Wen‑Hao Zhou Shoo KLee Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Fudan University399 Wanyuan RdMinhang DistrictShanghai 201102China Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of XinjiangUrumqiChina Department of Neonatology Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and PediatricsFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Neonatology Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Care HospitalLanzhouChina Department of Neonatology Nanjing Children’s HospitalNanjingChina Department of Pediatrics Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoONCanada

Background There is little information about neonatal follow-up programs(NFUPs)in China.This study aimed to conduct a survey of hospitals participating in the Chinese Neonatal Network(CHNN)to determine the status of NFUPs,including resources available,criteria for enrollment,neurodevelopmental assessments,and duration of follow-up.Methods We conducted a descriptive study using an online survey of all 72 hospitals participating in CHNN in 2020.The survey included 15 questions that were developed based on the current literature and investigators’knowledge about followup practices in China.Results Sixty-four(89%)of the 72 hospitals responded to the survey,with an even distribution of children’s(31%),maternity(33%)and general(36%)hospitals.All but one(98%)hospital had NFUPs,with 44(70%)being established after 2010.Eligibility criteria for follow-up were variable,but common criteria included very preterm infants<32 weeks or<2000 g birth weight(100%),small for gestational age(97%),hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(98%)and postsurgery(90%).The average follow-up rate was 70%(range:7.5%–100%).Only 12%of hospitals followed up with patients for more than 24 months.There was significant variation in neurodevelopmental assessments,follow-up schedule,composition of staff,and clinic facilities and resources.None of the staff had received formal training,and only four hospitals had sent staff to foreign hospitals as observers.Conclusions There is significant variation in eligibility criteria,duration of follow-up,types of assessments,staffing,training and facilities available.Coordination and standardization are urgently needed.

关键词： Follow-up Neonate survey