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Characterization of surface runoff from a subtropics urban catchment

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 148-152页

作者： HUANG Jin-liang DU Peng-fei AO Chi-tan LEI Mui-heong ZHAO Dong-quan HO Man-him WANG Zhi-shi Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macao Macao China he Official Provisional Municipal Council of Macao Macao China

Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km^2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macao was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the period of August to November, 2005. Water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TSS, COD, TN, Zn, Pb, and Cu were analyzed. The results show that TN and COD are the major pollutants from surface runoff with mean concentration of 8.5 and 201.4 mg/L, both over 4-fold higher compared to the Class V surface water quality standard developed by China SEPA. Event mean concentration （EMC） for major pollutants showed considerable variations between rainfall events. The largest rainfall event with the longest length of antecedent dry weather period （ADWP） produced the highest EMC of TN, TSS and COD. From the pollutographs analysis, the peak concentration of TN precedes the peak runoff flow rate for all three rainfall events. The tendency of the concentration of TSS, turbidity and COD changing with runoff flow varies between rainfall events. The relationship between TSS and other parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the physical treatment process to control the surface runoff in the urban catchment. Based on the correlation of parameters with TSS, high treatment efficiency of TSS, TN and COD was expected. The most significant event in term of first flush is the one with the strongest rainfall intensity and longest length of ADWP. TN always showed first flush phenomenon in all three rainfall events, which suggested that the surface runoff in the early stage of surface runoff should be dealt with for controlling TN losses during rainfall events.

关键词： surface runoff event mean concentration (EMC) first flush Macao

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Synthesis and application of lignin-based copolymer LSAA on controlling non-point source pollution resulted from surface runoff

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 820-826页

作者： LIU Chen WU Guangxia MU Huanzhen Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academic of SciencesBeijing 100085China

In this article,alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin,starch, acrylamide,and acrylic acid).Its practical application effect and environmental safety were *** results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and *** runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00%and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS),chemical oxygen demand (COD),total nit...

关键词： application copolymer a copolymer of lignin starch acrylamide and acrylic acid (LSAA) non-point source pollution (NPS) surface runoff

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Analysis of soluble chemical transfer from soil to surface runoff and incomplete mixing parameter identification

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Water Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 217-225页

作者： Ju-xiu Tong Jin-zhong Yang Bill X.Hu State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Cycle and Environment Evolution Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences

A two-layer mathematical model proposed by Tong et al. （2010） was used to predict soluble chemical transfer from soil into surface runoff with ponded water on the soil surface. Infiltration-related incomplete mixing parameter γ and runoff-related incomplete mixing parameter a in the analytical solution of the Tong et al. （2010） model were assumed to be constant. In this study, different laboratory experimental data of soluble chemical concentration in surface runoff from initially unsaturated and saturated soils were used to identify the variables γ and a based on the analytical solution of the model. The values of γ and a without occurrence of surface runoff were constant and equal to their values at the moment when the surface runoff started. It was determined from the results that γ decreases with the increase of the ponded water depth, and when the initial volumetric water content is closer to the saturated water content, there is less variation of parameter γ after the occurrence of surface runoff. As infiltration increases, the soluble chemical concentration in surface runoff decreases. The values of parameter a range from 0 to 1 for the fine loam and sand under the controlled infiltration conditions, while it can increase to a very large value, greater than 1, for the sand under the restrained infiltration conditions, and the analytical solution of the model is not valid for experimental soil without any infiltration if a is expected to be less than or equal to 1. The soluble chemical concentrations predicted from the model with variable incomplete mixing parameters γ and α are more accurate than those from the model with constant γ and α values.

关键词： surface runoff Incomplete mixing parameter Analytical solution Soluble chemical

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Pollutant loads of surface runoff in Wuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 464-468页

作者： ZHAO Jian-wei SHAN Bao-qing YIN Cheng-qing State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.

关键词： surface runoff stormwater pollution urban tourist area impervious/pervious surface M(V) curve

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Straw mulching alters the composition and loss of dissolved organic matter in farmland surface runoff by inhibiting the fragmentation of soil small macroaggregates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1703-1717页

作者： Shanshan Cai Lei Sun Wei Wang Yan Li Jianli Ding Liang Jin Yumei Li Jiuming Zhang Jingkuan Wang Dan Wei College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization Harbin 150086China Institute of Plant Nutrition Resources and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

Straw mulching is a widespread practice for reducing the soil carbon loss caused by ***,the effects of straw mulching on dissolved organic matter(DOM)runoff loss from black soil are not well *** straw mulching affects the composition and loss of runoff DOM by changing soil aggregates remains largely ***,a straw mulching treatment was compared to a no mulching treatment(as a control)on sloping farmland with black soil erosion in Northeast *** divided the soil into large macroaggregates(>2 mm),small macroaggregates(0.25-2 mm),and microaggregates(runoff and soil aggregate DOM were *** results showed that straw mulching reduced the runoff amount by 54.7%.Therefore,although straw mulching increased the average DOc concentration in runoff,it reduced the total runoff DOM loss by 48.3%.The composition of runoff DOM is similar to that of soil,as both contain humic-like acid and protein-like *** straw mulching treatment,the protein-like components in small macroaggregates accumulated and the protein-like components in runoff declined with rain *** spectroscopy technology may help in understanding the hydrological paths of rain events by capturing the dynamic changes of runoff and soil DOM characteristics.A variation partitioning analysis(VPA)indicated that the DOM concentration and composition of microaggregates explained 68.2%of the change in runoff DOM from no mulching plots,while the change in runoff DOM from straw mulching plots was dominated by small macroaggregates at a rate of 55.1%.Taken together,our results demonstrated that straw mulching reduces the fragmentation of small macroaggregates and the loss of microaggregates,thus effecting DOM compositions in soil and reducing the DOM loss in *** results provi

关键词： dissolved organic matter black soil surface runoff aggregates fluorescence spectrum

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Implementation of a surface runoff Model with Horton and Dunne Mechanisms into the Regional Climate Model RegCM_NCC

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第5期24卷 750-764页

作者：史学丽谢正辉刘一鸣杨宏伟 Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG)Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029

A surface runoff parameterization scheme that dynamically represents both Horton and Dunne runoff generation mechanisms within a model grid cell together with a consideration of the subgrid-scaie soil heterogeneity, is implemented into the National Climate Center regional climate model （RegCM_NCC）. The effects of the modified surface runoff scheme on RegCMANCC performance are tested with an abnormal heavy rainfall process which occurred in summer 1998. Simulated results show that the model with the original surface runoff scheme （noted as CTL） basically captures the spatial pattern of precipitation, circulation and land surface variables, but generally overestimates rainfall compared to observations. The model with the new surface runoff scheme （noted as NRM） reasonably reproduces the distribution pattern of various variables and effectively diminishes the excessive precipitation in the CTL. The processes involved in the improvement of NRM-simulated rainfall may be as follows： with the new surface runoff scheme, simulated surface runoff is larger, soil moisture and evaporation （latent heat flux） are decreased, the available water into the atmosphere is decreased; correspondingly, the atmosphere is drier and rainfall is decreased through various processes. Therefore, the implementation of the new runoff scheme into the RegCMANCC has a significant effect on results at not only the land surface, but also the overlying atmosphere.

关键词： surface runoff regional climate model precipitation water vapor

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Transport of phosphorus in runoff and sediment with surface runoff from bare purple soil during indoor simulated rainfall

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2333-2345页

作者： MA Xiao YANG Jie ZHOU Xiang-jun WU Hong-tao XIONG Qiao LI Ye College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Hubei Normal UniversityHuangshi 435002China Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis&Reuse Technology Hubei Key Research Institute of Humanities&Social ScienceHuangshi 435002China School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Phosphorus(P)in surface runoff from purple soil is a critical element of agricultural nonpoint source pollution,leading to eutrophication of surface waters in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)of *** work aimed to understand the processes and mechanisms of P losses from bare purple *** on an indoor rainfall simulation experiment,we focused on the processes of surface runoff and P losses via different hydrological *** treatments included three simulated rainfall intensities,four slope gradients,and three fertilizer treatments.P loss from sediment was the main pathway in the purple soil,and bioavailable P was mainly transferred in dissolved P(DP)of runoff *** P loss loads tend to grow with the increase of the slope until 25°for the maximum load of runoff water and 20°for the maximum load of *** of DP in the surface runoff after fertilizer application can exceed the estimates of those required for accelerated *** P control might be an essential way for reducing P loss in purple soil for the local government and farmers of TGRA.

关键词： surface runoff Sediment yield Phosphorus loss Purple soil Simulated rainfall

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Groundwater recharge rates and surface runoff response to land use and land cover changes in semi-arid environments

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 195-215页

作者： S.O.Owuor K.Butterbach-Bahl A.C.Guzha M.C.Rufino D.E.Pelster E.Diaz-Pines L.Breuer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Kreuzeckbahnstr.1982467 Garmisch-PartenkirchenGermany International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) Old Naivasha Rd.P.O.Box 30709-00100NairobiKenya United States Forest Service c/o CIFORWorld Agroforestry CentreUnited Nations Avenue GigiriP.O.Box 30677-00100NairobiKenya Center for International Forestry Research(CIFOR) C/o World Agroforestry CentreUnited Nations Avenue GigiriP.O.Box 30677-00100NairobiKenya Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management(ILR) Research Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and Nutrition(iFZ)Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 2635392 GiessenGermany Centre for International Development and Environmental Research(ZEU) Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany

The effects of land use and land cover(LULC)on groundwater recharge and surface runoff and how these are affected by LULC changes are of interest for sustainable water resources ***,there is limited quantitative evidence on how changes to LULC in semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions affect the subsurface components of the hydrologic cycle,particularly groundwater *** water resource management in these regions requires conclusive evidence and understanding of the effects of LULC changes on groundwater recharge and surface *** reviewed a total of 27 studies(2 modeling and 25 experimental),which reported on pre-and post land use change groundwater recharge or surface runoff magnitude,and thus allowed to quantify the response of groundwater recharge rates and runoff to *** between initial and subsequent LULC indicate that forests have lower groundwater recharge rates and runoff than the other investigated land uses in semi-arid tropical/subtropical *** of bare land induces a decrease in groundwater recharge from 42% of precipitation to between 6 and 12% depending on the final *** forests are cleared for rangelands,groundwater recharge increases by 7.8±12.6%,while conversion to cropland or grassland results in increases of 3.4±2.5 and 4.4±3.3%,*** of bare land to cropland results in surface runoff reductions of between 5.2 and 7.3%.The conversion of forest vegetation to managed LULC shows an increase in surface runoff from 1 to 14.1% depending on the final *** runoff was reduced from 2.5 to 1.1% when grassland is converted to forest *** there is general consistency in the results from the selected case studies,we conclude that there are few experimental studies that have been conducted in tropical and subtropical semi-arid regions,despite that many people rely heavily on groundwater for their ***,there is an urgent need to increase th

关键词： Groundwater recharge rate Infiltration surface runoff Semi-arid Land use change Land cover change

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Spatial analysis of the impact of land-use on surface runoff and soil erosion—a case study of western Jilin

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Global Geology 2006年第1期9卷 80-93页

作者： Juana P Moiwo College of Environment and Resources Jilin University Changchun 130026 Jilin China

The impact of land-use on surface runoff and soil erosion is still poorly understood at basin scale. Thus in the Western Jilin Ecosystem (WJE), surface runoff and soil erosion were measured against identified land-use types in the basin. Due to the spatial nature of the analysis, GIS ArcMap version 9.1 and the WetSpass model were used in the simulation process. In the study, the WetSpass model was extended with the Dynamic Sediment Balance Equation (Ziegler et al., 1997), to simulate and quantify soil erosion. A hypothetical natural grassland scenario was developed for the study area and compared with the present land-use management conditions. The results indicate significant differences in runoff and soil erosion across the different land-use types both within and between the two scenarios. Calculated averages of surface runoff and soil erosion for the present land-use management were 48.03 mm/a and 83.43 kg/(m 2·a) respectively. Those for the hypothetical natural grassland scenario were 24.70 mm/a and 78.36 kg/(m 2·a) . Thus an overall decrease in runoff and soil erosion was observed as the conditions changed from the present land-use management to the hypothetical natural grassland state. Under the present land-use management, urban settlements exhibited the highest surface runoff but one of the least soil erosions, while bare-lands showed the highest soil erosion. It was more generally observed that runoff and erosion varies with vegetation type/density. It was concluded based on the research findings that the present land-use management might not be the best scenario for the ecosystem as it showed increased basin runoff and soil erosion in comparison with the natural grassland vegetation. Since no best scenario was simulated for or advanced in the study, further research to develop a more balanced land management system is thus required. The findings of the study can assist in the identification of vulnerable/fragile ecosystems in the basin and to guide sustai

关键词： wetspass land-use surface runoff soil erosion western Jilin ecosystem

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Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on surface runoff and Sediment Yield in the Little Ruaha River Catchment

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2021年第3期11卷 54-74页

作者： Nyemo A. Chilagane Japhet J. Kashaigili Edmund Mutayoba Paul Lyimo Pantaleo Munishi Christine Tam Neil Burgess Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Water Supply and Irrigation Engineering Water Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Conservation Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania WWF Dar es Salaam Tanzania UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) Cambridge UK

Little Ruaha River catchment (6370 Km2) in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT), is one of the country’s most significant waterways due to its ecological composition and economic value. Regardless of its ecological and economical value, the regional hydrologic condition has been tremendously affected due to land uses alteration, influenced by different socio-economic factors. This study aimed to understand the associated impacts of the present Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change on the surface runoff and sediment yield in the Little Ruaha River Catchment. Hydrological modelling using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT Model) was done to quantify the impact of land use and land cover dynamics on catchment water balance and sediment loads. The calibration and validation of the SWAT model were performed using sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2). The results showed that, for the given LULC change, the average annual surface runoff increased by 2.78 mm while average annual total sediment loading increased by 3.56 t/ha, the average annual base flow decreased by 2.68 mm, ground water shallow aquifer recharge decreased from 2.97 mm and a slight decrease in average annual ground water deep aquifer recharge by 0.14 mm. The model predicts that in the future, there will be a further increase in both surface runoff and sediment load. Such changes, increased runoff generation and sediment yield with decreased base flow have implications on the sustenance flow regimes particularly the observed reduced dry season river flow of the Little Ruaha River, which in turn cause adverse impacts to the biotic component of the ecosystem, reduced water storage and energy production at Mtera Hydroelectrical dam also increa

关键词： Land Cover Land Use Sediment Loading surface runoff SWAT Model

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