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Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 78-87页

作者： XIANG CaiFu1,2,TANG LiangJie1,2,LI RuFeng1,2 & PANG XiongQi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 1. Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Cal

关键词： Majiang ancient oil reservoir episodic fluid flow marine carbonate rocks superimposed basin

A PTS Optimization Scheme with superimposed Training for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System

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Communications and Network 2014年第2期6卷 97-104页

作者： Renze Luo Rui Li Xiaoqiong Wu Shuainan Hu Na Niu State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China Zhongshan Branch China Telecom Co. Ltd. Zhongshan Guangdong China

Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) is an efficient scheme for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. It does not bring any signal distortion. However, its remarkable drawback is the high computational complexity. In order to reduce the computational complexity, currently many PTS methods have been proposed but with the cost of the loss of PAPR performance of the system. In this paper, we introduce an improved PTS optimization method with superimposed training. Simulation results show that, compared with conventional PTS, improved PTS scheme can achieve better PAPR performance while be implemented with lower computation complexity of the system.

关键词： Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) superimposed Training

Poly-phase salt tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim superimposed basin,northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第Z2期47卷 104-113页

作者： TANG Liangjie1,2, JIN Zhijun1’3, JIAChengzao1’4, Pl Xuejun5 & CHEN Suping1,2 1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry, Beijing 102249, China 2. Basin & Reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 3. Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China 4. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, China 5. Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina Company Ltd., Korla 841000, China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing 102249 China Basin & Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing 102249 China Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing 102249 China PetroChina Company Limited Beijing 100011 China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Ltd. Korla 841000 China

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the poly-phase salt tectonics and its relation to the hydrocarbon accumulation of the Tarim superimposed basin. Several salt sequences are developed in the Tarim basin, they are: (1) the Mid-Early Cambrian salt sequence, mainly distributed in the west part of the north Tarim uplift and Keping uplift; (2) the Early Carboniferous salt sequence, mainly distributed in the south slope of the north Tarim uplift; (3) the Paleogene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the mid-west part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt and north Tarim uplift; and (4) the Miocene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the east part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt sequences deposited in the tectonically calm scenario, while the salt layers deformed during the period of intense tectonism. Although the salt sequences are characteristic of plastic flow, the differences of salt deformation styles exist in the different salt sequences be-cause of the different deformation mechanism. It is attractive that the distribution of the large oil-gas fields or pools has a bearing upon the salt sequences and salt structures, such as the Tahe oilfield related to the Lower Carboniferous salt sequence and laterally facies changed mudstone, the Kela No.2 gas field to the Paleogene salt structures, and the Dina gas field to the Miocene salt structures. It is indicated that the large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation is con-trolled by the poly-phase salt sequences and structures. The deep analysis of the poly-phase salt tectonics is helpful to understanding the characteristics of the structural deformation and oil-gas accumulation of the Tarim basin.

关键词： superimposed basin, salt tectonics, hydrocarbon accumulation, Tarim basin.

Recent developments in study of the typical superimposed basins and petroleum accumulation in China: Exemplified by the Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第z2期47卷 1-15页

作者： JIN Zhijun1 & WANG Qingchen2 1. Academy of Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation, SinoPec Corp., Beijing 100083, China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000029, China Academy of Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation SinoPec Corp. Beijing 100083 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Most of petroliferous sedimentary basins in China have experienced multiple phases of tectonic evolution and deposition, and are characterized by tectonic and depositional superimposition. The term "superimposed basin" is suggested to describe those basins which consist of two or more simple prototype basins superimposing vertically and/or coalescing later-ally. The characteristics of petroliferous superimposed basins are "multiple stages of basin forming and reworking, multiple layers of source rocks, multiple periods of hydrocarbon genera-tion and expulsion, multiple periods of petroleum migration-accumulation-escape". Therefore, applying the wave process analysis method to studying the process of basin formation, hydro-carbon generation, and reservoir formation, and then establishing theory of "petroleum accumu-lation system" is helpful to enhancing petroleum exploration efficiency in superimposed basins. This paper will, based on case study in the Tarim basin, report the major developments in studying basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and petroleum accumulation. In study of basin formation, (1) geophysical comprehensive profiles reveal that the Tarim plate has been sub-ducted beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt with an interfinger structure and that the deep struc-ture in the eastern section of the Tianshan orogenic belt is different from that in the western sec-tion. (2) The vertical variation in debris and geochemical composition reveals the nature and Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution history of the Kuqa Depression. (3) Field investigation and paleo-stress reconstruction show that the Kuqa Depression has undergone gravity-driven extension in sedimentary cover when the Tianshan uplifted vertically. In hydrocarbon generation study, new developments include (1) setting environmental index to judge high grade source rocks in marine carbonates, and (2) establishing the lower limit of the organic carbon content for effective car-bonate source rocks. In petroleum acc

关键词： superimposed basin, Tarim basin, basin formation, hydrocarbon generation, petroleum accumulation.

Constraints on the Genesis of the Qixiashan Pb-Zn Deposit, Nanjing: Evidence from Sulfide Trace Element Geochemistry

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第2期31卷 287-297页

作者： Xuejuan Sun Pei Ni Yulong Yang Zhe Chi Shan Jing State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research Institute of Geo-FluidsSchool of Earth Science and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing 210007 China School of Geosciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

The large-scale Qixiashan Pb-Zn Deposit in the eastern Middle-Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt is hosted in carbonate *** on a detailed mineral paragenesis study,in-situ LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer)trace element geochemistry data for pyrite and sphalerite from different stages in the Qixiashan Deposit are reported,the Pb-Zn mineralization processes are reconstructed,and a genetic model is *** paragenetic stages of Pb-Zn ore deposition are identified:the biogenic pyrite mineralization stage(Stage 1),the early stage of hydrothermal Pb-Zn mineralization(Stage 2),the late stage of hydrothermal Pb-Zn mineralization(Stage 3),and the carbonate stage(Stage 4).Stages 2 and 3 are the main ore *** trace element characteristics of the sulfide in stages 2 and 3,such as the higher Co/Ni and lower trace element contents of the pyrite and the Fe,Mn,and Ge contents of the sphalerite,indicate that they were generated by magmatic-hydrothermal ***,the lower Cu,Ag,Sb,and Pb contents of the pyrite and sphalerite of Stage 3 compared to Stage 2 suggest an increase in magmatic-hydrothermal activity from Stage 2 to Stage *** hydrothermal fluids leached trace elements(e.g.,Cu,Ag,Sb,and Pb)from the previously deposited primary pyrite and sphalerite,which were precipitated in the later hydrothermal stage Cu,Au,Ag,Sb,and Pb bearing minerals and secondary pyrite and sphalerite with lower trace element contents(e.g.,Cu,Au,Ag,Sb,and Pb).Compared with the pyrite from stages 2 and 3,the Stage 1 pyrite has relatively higher trace elements contents(Sb,Cu,Zn,Au,Ag,Pb,As,and Ni).However,their lower Co/Ni ratio suggests a syngenetic sedimentary *** on the petrographic features and trace element data,a multi-stage mineralization model is *** Stage 1 biogenic pyrite formed stratiform pyrite layers,which provided reducing conditions and a base for the subsequent Pb-Zn *** Stage 2,subse

关键词： sulfides trace elements superimposed mineralization Qixiashan Pb-Zn Deposit

Dynamics for multistage pool formation of Lunnan low uplift in Tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 128-138页

作者： HE Dengfa JIA Chengzao LIU Shaobo PAN Wenqing WANG Shejiao Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Developmem PetroChinaBeijing 100083China PetroChina Limited Company Beijing 100011China Research Institute of PetroChina Tarim Oil Field Company KorlaXinjiang 841001China

Lunnan area in the Tarim Basin has become animportant onshore oil production base in China. Formationof the oil and gas pools in the low uplift of Lunnan has ex-perienced a comparatively complex process of *** on the hydrocarbon generation period of source rocks,the formation period of cap rocks and traps, the analysis oforganic inclusion and the analysis of bitumen in the reservoir,this paper draws the conclusion that the low uplift area ofLunnan has experienced three pool formation periods: thePermian period, the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period and two oil and gasreservoir adjustment periods: the Late Permian period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period. The comprehensivestudy indicates that the large-scale Ordovician buried hill,formed in Early Hercynian, became the reservoir during thePermian period, because the Cambrian-Lower Ordovicianoil was discharged laterally into the reservoir along the topof the Ordovician weathering crust from south to north. Thereservoir experienced a complicated process-reconstruc-tion in the end of Permian, adjustment in Cretaceous-EarlyTertiary and re-discharging process in Late Tertiary-Qua-ternary, leading to the early original heavy oil reservoir ofmarine facies and the late original light oil reservoir and gaspool. Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reser-voirs result from upward adjustment and re-distribution ofOrdovician oil and gas reservoirs. Of those results, the for-mation of Triassic-Jurassic oil and gas pools came under theinfluence of the northward-tilting structure. The oil and gassourcing from the different hydrocarbon source rock inter-vals vertically migrated into the base unconformity of Trias-sic system. Then the oil and gas migrated laterally fromnorth to south and accumulated into the reservoir.

关键词： organic inclusion dynamics of pool formation superimposed basin reservoirs of multiple stages Lnnnan region Tarim Basin.

Synchronous structure control of superlarge ore deposits

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Science China Earth Sciences 1998年第S1期41卷 7-12页

作者：翟裕生邓军宋鸿林程小久彭润民 China Univ Geosci Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The control of synchronous structures on formation of superlarge stratabound ore deposits is immense. Based on studies of ore deposits in South Qinling, northern Guangdong, Langshan and other areas, three new ideas in comparison with examples of ore control of synchronous structures both in China and abroad are proposed: (i) multi order ore control of synchronous structures, which means that synchronous structures of different orders display different controls on ore deposits; (ii) synchronous structures in different stages of basin evolution display different controls on basin fluid system and ore forming system; (iii) synchronous structure accompanying hydrothermal mineralization as a preexisting weak surface in earth crust often reactivate in later tectono thermal event to be a channelway for magma or thermal fluids which superimposed on and reformed preexisting ore beds to form large or superlarge composite ore deposits.

关键词： synchronous fault superlarge ore deposit ore control of multi order structures structure fluid mineralization system superimposed reformed mineralization.

An Algorithm for Improving Throughput Guarantee of Topology-Transparent MAC Scheduling Strategy

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Wireless Sensor Network 2010年第10期2卷 801-806页

作者： Chaonong Xu 不详

Topology-transparent MAC scheduling strategies nowadays are all based on combinatorial design. To get throughput guarantee, a cover-free set is output as scheduling strategy of network. In this paper, we aim to modify the cover-free set so that better throughput can be guaranteed. At the first step, the redundant slot of the cover-free set is proposed and found to have negative influence on the minimal guaranteed throughput. Second, we prove that any subset of a cover-free set is still a cover-free set after its redundant slots were squashed out. Our algorithm chooses the subset which has the maximal number of redundant slots, squashes all of its redundant slots, and then designates it as the network scheduling strategy. Therefore, better through- put can be guaranteed if the squashed subset is adopted as network scheduling strategy. For any topology- transparent node scheduling strategy, both the increased minimal throughput and decreased maximal transmission delay can be gotten by just using our algorithm as an extra accessory.

关键词： MAC Scheduling Qos Combinatorial Design superimposed Code Cover-Free Set

Hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Cretaceous in southern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第S1期52卷 77-87页

作者： CHEN Bo1,ZHANG ChangMin1,LUO MingXia2,LEI QingLiang3,HAN DingKun3 & ZHOU XiaoJun4 1 Geoscience College of Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China 2 Exploration and Development institute of Northwest Oilfield Branch,SINOPEC,Urumqi 830011,China 3 Sinopec Central-South Company,Changsha 410117,China 4 The Fifth Oil Production Plant of Huabei Oilfield Company,Xinji 052360,China 1. Geoscience College of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China 2. Exploration and Development institute of Northwest Oilfield Branch SINOPEC Urumqi 830011 China 3. Sinopec Central-South Company Changsha 410117 China 4. The Fifth Oil Production Plant of Huabei Oilfield Company Xinji 052360 China

The Cretaceous in southern China is mainly a set of red and mauve clastic rock,with evaporation layers. For lack of source rock,it has been paid little attention to in the exploration process. With the development of research on hydrocarbon exploration,the masses of Cretaceous reservoirs and shows have been found in recent years. This means that the Cretaceous has great exploration potential. According to the research,authors find that the high-quality reservoir and efficient cap rocks develop in the Cretaceous. At the same time,the Cretaceous and underlying Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic marine strata and overlying Cenozoic nonmarine strata constitute a superimposed basin. Moreover,high-quality source rocks developed in the above-mentioned two sets of strata. In the south,especially in the middle and lower Yangtze region since the Himalayan strong rift was associated with a large number of faults,These faults connect the Cretaceous reservoir and its overlying and underlying source rocks,forming the fault-based and unconformity-based discontinuous source-reservoir-cap accumulation assemblages. Because the Cretaceous has the abundant oil and gas from Paleogene source rocks or Mesozoic–Paleozoic source rocks with secondary hydrocarbon generation ability,three types of reservoirs develop in the Cretaceous:"new-generating and old-reservoiring" reservoirs,"old-generating andnew-reservoiring" reservoirs,and few "self-generating andself-reservoiring" reservoirs. The hydrocarbon enrichment depends on two key factors. Firstly,Cretaceous reservoirs are near to the source kitchens,so its oil and gas source is ample. Secondly,the fault system is well developed,which provides the necessary conducting systems for hydrocarbon accumulation.

关键词： the Cretaceous in southern China superimposed basin new-generating and old-reservoiring reservoirs old-generating and newreservoiring reservoirs secondary hydrocarbon generation hydrocarbon conducting systems