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Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 397-408页

作者： Linsheng YANG Xiaozhong WANG Wushuai ZHANG Prakash LAKSHMANAN Yan DENG Xiaojun SHI Xinping CHEN Fusuo ZHANG Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Southwest University Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesSugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University

Climate change mitigation is a major challenge of human society. Currently, to this end, many countries including China are committed to achieving carbon neutrality within a few decades. China is a major sugarcane and sugar beet producing country and has one of the largest carbon footprint for sugarcane and sugar beet production globally. A comprehensive study was conducted on sugarcane and sugar beet crops grown in China for greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions mitigation potential, economic crop production from a sustainable sugar production perspective. Long-term trend analysis showed that yield and GHG emissions of sugarcane and sugar beet crops increased but the ratio of income to cost declined. Structural equation model analysis revealed nitrogen fertilizer and labor as the major drivers of GHG emissions for both sugarcane and sugar beet. For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were -0.964 and -0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589,respectively. By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario. This is the first integrated and comparative study of environmental and economic sustainability of sugarcane and sugar beet production in China.These findings will enable all stakeholders of Chinese sugarcane and sugar beet industries to transform them into environmentally and economically sustainable sugar production.

关键词： Economic profits GHG emissions labor input nitrogen input sugar

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The challenge of defining rare genetic programs by single-cell RNA sequencing:Insights from phloem studies

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 22-25页

作者： Xiaomin Liu Pawel Roszak YkäHelariutta State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China The Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCB21TN CambridgeUK Wood Development Group University of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology provides unprecedented opportunities to capture the spatiotemporal aspects of genetic programs that drive cell differentiation.Phloem is a subtype of vascular tissue that is crucial for transporting sugars,proteins,and other organic molecules.Its critical role in the redistribution of carbon between photosynthetically active“source”organs(leaves,shoots)and“sink”tissues/organs incapable of fixing carbon(wood,storage organs,root system,etc.)has made phloem development and its transcriptional regulation a prime research focus.

关键词： organs sugar rare

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Effects of mesoclimate and microclimate variations mediated by high altitude and row orientation on sucrose metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in grape berries

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 713-731页

作者： Haining Yin Zhaoxiang Wang Lin Wang Jianhong Cao Jiakui Wang Zhumei Xi College of Enology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Shangri-la Winery Co. LTDShangri-laYunnan 674400China

Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.

关键词： Vitis vinifera L. Orientated rows Berry composition sugar Phenolic Light quality Solar radiation

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ATP-binding cassette transporters as possible targets for the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 721-722页

作者： Hiu Chuen Lok Glenda M.Halliday Woojin Scott Kim Brain and Mind Centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters are ubiquitous membrane-bound proteins that are responsible for the translocation of a broad spectrum of substrates across cellular membranes,including lipids,amino acids,nucleosides,sugars,and xenobiotics.Interestingly,ABC transporters are highly expressed in the brain.While their functions in the brain still need to be elucidated,several members are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and frontotemporal dementia.In this perspective,we will review current knowledge of ABC transporters in the central nervous system in terms of physiological functions and pathology in neurodegeneration.Furthermore,we will explore the possibilities of ABC transporters as potential targets in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： sugar degenerative diseases

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Sweetener and Flavor Enhancer Food Additives in Industrial Food Products Marketed in Dakar: Frequency and Diversity

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane Alioune Sow Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Coumba Gueye Sagna Papa Amadou Diakhaté Mady Cissé Amadou Diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in Dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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GrapevineXL reliably predicts multi-annual dynamics of vine water status, berry growth, and sugar accumulation in vineyards

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 56-69页

作者： Weiwei Yang Junqi Zhu Cornelis van Leeuwen Zhanwu Dai Gregory AGambetta Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China EGFV Univ.BordeauxBordeaux Sciences AgroINRAEISVVVillenave d’Ornon33882France The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group College of AgricultureShihezi UniversityShihezi832000China The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Blenheim 7201New Zealand China National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China

Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model,GrapevineXL,with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential(�xylem),berry dry weight(DW),fresh weight(FW),and sugar concentration per volume([sugar])for a wine grape cultivar(Vitis vinifera *** Franc)in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux,France.Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal�xylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW,FW,[sugar]and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters.By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change,an advanced veraison(i.***.the onset of ripening)of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70%and 3.22%,clear increases of berry[sugar]by 2.90%and 4.29%,and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years,respectively.Moreover,the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability.Overall,the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.

关键词： sugar cultivar sugar

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Hypoglycemic Effect of Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Guixi Green Tea and Their Compatibility on Mice

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Medicinal Plant 2024年第3期15卷 53-55,70页

作者： Chen YANG Zhaohui HUANG Liqing TANG Wenjing HUANG Danyu CHEN Rujun SHI Suoyi HUANG Lixiang LU Shiyou ZHOU School of Clinical Medicine Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000China School of Pharmacy Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000China Key Laboratory of Research on Characteristic Ethnic Medicine in the Youjiang River Basin of Guangxi Colleges and Universities Baise 533000China

[Objectives]To explore the hypoglycemic effect of Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Guixi green tea and their compatibility on mice,so as to provide more options for the adjuvant treatment of diabetes and improve the comprehensive utilization value of Guixi green tea.[Methods]After being fed adaptively for 7 d,60 SPF-grade male mice were intraperitoneally injected with alloxouracil(180 mg/kg)to induce hyperglycemia model,from which 35 mice with a successful model were selected.They were randomly divided into 5 groups(Danshen group,green tea group,compatible group,positive control group and blank control group),with 7 animals in each group.The mice in all groups were administered according to the dose of 200 mg/kg once a day for 15 d.After the last administration,their body weight was measured on the 15 th day after fasting for 12 h,and their fasting blood glucose was measured by tail clipping.[Results]After modeling,the mice in each group showed typical hyperglycemia symptoms,namely obvious polydipsia,polyphagia,polyuria and weight loss.Compared with the blank control group,Danshen group and green tea group had obvious hypoglycemic effect(Psugar,among which the compatible group had the most obvious effect.

关键词： Salvia miltiorrhiza Guixi green tea Compatibility Blood sugar

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Impaired SWEET-mediated sugar transportation impacts starch metabolism in developing rice seeds

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 98-108页

作者： Pei Li Lihan Wang Hongbo Liu Meng Yuan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina

sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch metabolism are considered important processes in seed development and embryo viability.A few plant SWEET proteins acting as sugar transporters have been reported to function in inflorescence and/or seed development.Here,we identified seven members of the 21 Os SWEET genes in rice that play essential roles in sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch conversion in seed development.Nineteen Os SWEET genes exhibiting different expression patterns during inflorescence and seed development were knocked out individually by CRISPR/Cas9.One third of the mutants showed decreased fertile pollen viability and shriveled mature caryopses,resulting in weakened seed traits.Grain fill-related genes but not representative grain shape-regulating genes showed attenuated expression in the mutants.Seed of each of these mutants accumulated more sucrose,glucose or fructose but less starch.Among all Os SWEET genes,Os SWEET4 and Os SWEET11 had major effects on caryopsis development.The sugar-to-starch metabolic pathway was significantly altered in ossweet11 mutants based on differential expression analysis in RNA sequencing assays,confirming that Os SWEET11 functions as a sugar transporter with a key role in seed development.These results help to decipher the multiple functions of Os SWEET genes and to show how they might be used in genetic improvement of rice.

关键词： Oryza sativa sugar transporter SWEET sugar Starch

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Embracing a Vibrant Year of the Dragon

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China Today 2024年第3期73卷 16-19页

作者： CHINA TODAY

CHINA TODAY,THE eight-day-long Spring Festival holiday saw a tourism boom across the country whose blend of pop and traditional culture illumined Lunar Chinese New Year celebrations.Local Beijing authorities attest to the 100 or more cultural events staged in the capital’s parks during the Spring Festival holiday that enriched its abundantly festive ethos.Temple fairs,enshrining such live folk art activities as calligraphy,lantern-making,shadow-puppetry,and sugar-figurine blowing,in particular drew droves of visitors.

关键词： Spring sugar enriched

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Ingenious liquid-observed vapor exchange (LOVE) NMR method revealing how sugars protect dry protein structure

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第2期4卷 75-76页

作者： Geying Ru Conggang Li Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Recently,Gary et al.published an article elucidating how sugars contribute to the protection of dry protein structure.They utilized an ingenious liquid-observed vapor exchange(LOVE)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,providing valuable insights into the protection mechanism of sugars during the drying process.The details of their study can be found in the article available at https://***/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00692.

关键词： structure sugar revealing

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