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Comparison of intraosseous access and central venous catheterization in Chinese adult emergency patients: A prospective, multicenter, and randomized study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第2期12卷 105-110页

作者： Yan-yan Liu Yu-peng Wang Ling-yun Zu Kang Zheng Qing-bian Ma Ya-an Zheng Wei Gao Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third HospitalNHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijing 100191China Department of Emergency Medicine Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China

BACKGROUND: It is challenging to establish peripheral intravenous access in adult critically patients. This study aims to compare the success rate of the first attempt, procedure time, operator satisfaction with the used devices, pain score, and complications between intraosseous(IO) access and central venous catheterization(CVC) in critically ill Chinese ***: In this prospective clustered randomized controlled trial, eight hospitals were randomly divided into either the IO group or the CVC group. Patients who needed emergency vascular access were included. From April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, each center included 12 patients. We recorded the data mentioned ***: A total of 96 patients were enrolled in the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding sex, age, body mass index, or operator satisfaction with the used devices. The success rates of the first attempt and the procedure time were statistically significant between the IO group and the CVC group(91.7% vs. 50.0%, P<0.001;52.0 seconds vs. 900.0 seconds, P<0.001). During the study, 32 patients were conscious. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the pain score associated with insertion. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the pain score associated with IO or CVC infusion(1.5 vs. 0.0, P=0.044). Complications were not observed in the two ***: IO access is a safe, rapid, and effective technique for gaining vascular access in critically ill adults with inaccessible peripheral veins in the emergency departments.

关键词： Intraosseous access Central venous catheterization success rates Procedure time Pain score

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Information Theoretic Distinguishers for Timing Attacks with Partial Profiles: Solving the Empty Bin Issue

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Journal of Information Security 2021年第1期12卷 1-33页

作者： Eloi De Chérisey Sylvain Guilley Olivier Rioul Darshana Jayasinghe LTCI Télécom Paris Institut Polytechnique de Paris France Secure-IC S.A.S Tour Montparnasse Paris France

In any side-channel attack, it is desirable to exploit all the available leakage data to compute the distinguisher’s values. The profiling phase is essential to obtain an accurate leakage model, yet it may not be exhaustive. As a result, information theoretic distinguishers may come up on previously unseen data, a phenomenon yielding empty bins. A strict application of the maximum likelihood method yields a distinguisher that is not even sound. Ignoring empty bins reestablishes soundness, but seriously limits its performance in terms of success rate. The purpose of this paper is to remedy this situation. In this research, we propose six different techniques to improve the performance of information theoretic distinguishers. We study them thoroughly by applying them to timing attacks, both with synthetic and real leakages. Namely, we compare them in terms of success rate, and show that their performance depends on the amount of profiling, and can be explained by a bias-variance analysis. The result of our work is that there exist use-cases, especially when measurements are noisy, where our novel information theoretic distinguishers (typically the soft-drop distinguisher) perform the best compared to known side-channel distinguishers, despite the empty bin situation.

关键词： Timing Attacks Profiling Attacks Dirichlet Priors success rates

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