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Flashing light in sponges through their siliceous fiber network:A new strategy of “neuronal transmission” in animals

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Science Bulletin 2012年第25期 3301-3312页

作者： SCHRDER Heinz C MüLLER Werner E G ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz D-55099Germany

Sponges(phylum Porifera) represent a successful animal taxon that evolved prior to the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary(542 million years ago).They have developed an almost complete array of cell-and tissue-based interaction systems necessary for the establishment of a functional,multicellular ***,a network of neurons,one cell/tissue-communication system is missing in *** fact is puzzling and enigmatic,because these animals possess receptors known to be involved in the nervous system in evolutionary younger animal *** an example,the metabotropic glutamate/GABA-like receptor has been identified and cloned by ***,we have identified a novel light transmission/light responsive system in sponges that is based on their skeletal elements,the siliceous glass fibers,termed *** classes of sponges,the Hexactinellida and the Demospongiae,possess a siliceous skeleton that is composed of *** the large spicules from hexactinellid sponges(>5 cm) revealed that these spicules are effective light-collecting optical *** we can report that the demosponge,suberites domuncula,has a biosensor system consisting of the(organic) light producing luciferase and the(inorganic) light transducing silica *** light transmission features of these smaller spicules(200 μm) has been demonstrated and the ability of the sponge tissue to generate light had been *** for a luciferase gene in *** was *** the next step,we searched for a protein potentially involved in light *** a protein was identified,cloned and recombinantly expressed from *** protein sequence displays two domains characteristic of a cryptochrome,the N-terminal photolyase-related region and the C-terminal FAD-binding *** experimental data indicate that sponges may employ a network of luciferase-like proteins,a spicular system and a cryptochrome as the light source,optical waveguide and photosensor,***

关键词： sponges suberites domuncula "nervous"-like signal system light transmission siliceous spicules luciferase cryptochrome

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