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Optimization of the Mix-Design System for the sub-ballast Railroad

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2017年第5期5卷 246-259页

作者： Martinez Soto Fernando Di Mino Gaetano Department of Civil Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM) University of Palermo 90128 Palermo Italy Department of Civil Environmental Aerospace Materials Engineering (DICAM) University of Palermo 90128 Palermo Italy

Bituminous sub-ballast is an alternative solution to the unbound granular sub-ballast used in the railway track due to several benefits that it can provide. Indeed, it contributes to maintain the moisture content in the subgrade unchanged during all year. This decreases the subgrade deterioration process. Moreover, the presence of bituminous sub-ballast can also reduce vertical stiffness variations on the track; it can have a positive effect in the maintenance needs at transition sections （bridge-embankment） and in the attenuation of the vibrations induced by the rail traffic. Despite the importance of the presence of the bituminous sub-ballast to conceive the construction and/or rehabilitation of sustainable infrastructure, in literature, there are only fragmentary information regarding the definition of benchmark criteria for their mix design. The superpave mix design approach used in road domain is applied systematically in the railway domain, without being adjusted for different load configuration of the rail track system. This research work aims at defining the benchmark criteria for the bituminous sub-ballast mix design to reduce the approximations involved in the recipe optimization due to the limitation of applying the superpave system in the railway domain. The methodology proposed aims at selecting the RESAL （rail equivalent single axle load） and therefore, transforming the entire traffic spectrum on the track lines in number of ESALs. Afterwards, the Ndesign has been calculated as function of the rail traffic level. Finally, a case study of bituminous sub-ballast mix design has been investigated for a first verification of the methodology proposed.

关键词： sub-ballast superpave railway bituminous layer ESAL Ndesign.

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Recent studies on railway-track substructure at TTCI

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2021年第1期3卷 36-49页

作者： Dingqing Li Stephen Wilk Transportation Technology Center Inc55500 DOT RoadPuebloCO 81001USA

Railway-track substructure is the foundation of the railway-track infrastructure and consists of four major components:ballast,sub-ballast,subgrade and *** and performance of the track infrastructure,to a large degree,depends on the performance of the track *** support from the track substructure is the most critical element needed for good track *** properly constructed and maintained,the ballasted track is the most cost-effective track structure for railway operations,especially for heavy-haul freight *** track-substructure support is characterized by good drainage and strong resistance of the ballast,sub-ballast and subgrade layers to excessive deformation and failures under repeated dynamic wheel *** the track substructure plays such important roles,research concerning track substructure has been broad and extensive around the world,with many universities and research institutes conducting various studies and *** paper provides an overview of the recent research conducted at Transportation Technology Center,Inc.(TTCI),a subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads(AAR),in the following areas:ballast mud pumping and its effects on track performance,remediation of subgrade mud pumping,remediation of ballast pockets,ground-penetrating radar(GPR)for inspecting track substructure,and development of software tools with focus on track-substructure functions and management.

关键词： track substructure ballast sub-ballast subgrade drainage mud pumping remediation

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Key aspects on the behaviour of the ballast and substructure of a modern railway track:research-based practical observations in Finland

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第11期13卷 825-835页

作者： Antti NURMIKOLU Department of Civil Engineering Tampere University of TechnologyTampereFinland

This paper presents an overview on the wide-ranging track structure studies at the Tampere University of Technology(TUT),Finland dealing with the key aspects of track geotechnics related to high-speed passenger traffic on ballasted *** attention is paid to ballast and sub-ballast,while also considering frost action,embankment stability,track stiffness,track geometry and transition *** a result,this paper states that understanding the ballast degradation mechanism and its consequences and assessment of its condition occupy an important role in the construction and maintenance of a smooth high-speed rail *** choices related to building the sub-ballast also have a dramatic impact on later track deformations and maintenance *** cold climate,especially where seasonal frost occurs,understanding and taking into account the frost action mechanism is *** in the maintenance and rehabilitation planning of existing tracks,high-class analyses of ground penetrating radar data and its integrated analysis with other data can yield considerable benefits.

关键词： Railway Track ballast sub-ballast substructure subsoil Frost action Life cycle Ground penetrating radar

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