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structural characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1451-1470页

作者： TIAN Xingwang LIU Guangdi LUO Bing YANG Yu WEN Long ZHANG Benjian CHEN Xiao SU Guiping SONG Zezhang PENG Hanlin ZHOU Gang YAN Wei YANG Dailin WANG Yunlong SUN Yiting DOU Shuang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyPetroChinaChengdu 610041China

Based on 2D and 3D seismic data,the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift,the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period,discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks.The results show that:(1)The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks.Firstly,Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation,the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian,strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area.Secondly,the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata.From NE to SW,the age of the strata,which were subject to erosion,changes from new to old,the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE.(2)Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata.In profile,there are three types of structural styles:steep and erect,flower structures,’Y’and reversed’Y’type faults.In plane view,the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction,strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW,WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian,with characteristically more in the south and less in the north.(3)The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction.Among them,the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest,followed by the activity in the Cambrian period,the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest.This fault activity can be divided into four

关键词： northern slope of paleo-uplift unconformity structural characteristics hydrocarbon accumulation Central Sichuan paleo-uplift Sichuan Basin

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Effects of extrusion and enzymatic debranching on the structural characteristics and digestibility of corn and potato starches

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 654-661页

作者： Qing Liu Yihui Wang Yueyue Yang Shichao Bian Xing Zhou Kunfu Zhu Lulian Xu Zhengyu Jin Aiquan Jiao State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China Shandong Zhushi Pharmaceutical Group Co. LtdHeze274300China Department of Pediatric Endocrinology The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi214023China Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China

Amylose content has a profound impact on the contents of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch.Enzymatic debranching is a safe method to increase the amylose content,however,the lower substrate concentration and high viscosity of fully gelatinized starch limit the efficiency and yield of this method.This paper aims to explore the effects of extrusion and enzymatic debranching on increasing the amylose content thereby increasing slowly digestible starch and resistant starch contents.Different starch concentrations (10%,15%,and 20%) of extruded corn starch (ECS) and extruded potato starch (EPS) were used to debranch.Both debranched ECS and debranched EPS showed high amylose content of approximately 90%,indicating that all samples with different starch concentrations achieved high-efficiency enzymatic debranching.The high-performance liquid chromatograph results indicated that the samples were mainly short amylose.The samples exhibit a typical B-type crystalline structure and the relative crystallinity of them exceeds 37%.The short amylose exhibited rapid rearrangement ability,with the gelatinization temperature range of rescanning determined as 80–125℃,this will facilitate the formation of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch.The slowly digestible starch and resistant starch contents of the samples (debranched ECS and debranched EPS) were between 23% and 30% and between 31% and 37%,respectively.These results indicate that the extrusion and enzymatic debranching of a high substrate concentration can efficiently increase the amylose content,thereby significantly reducing the digestibility of starch,and has broad prospects of the actual production of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch.

关键词： Starch Extrusion Enzymatic debranching structural characteristics Digestibility

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structural characteristics and implication on tectonic evolution of the Daerbute strike-slip fault in West Junggar area, NW China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第3期12卷 555-568页

作者： Kongyou WU Yangwen PEI Tianran LI Xulong WANG Yin LIU Bo LIU Chao MA School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (China University of Geosciences) Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074 China Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay 834000 China

The Daerbute fault zone, located in the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is a regional strike-slip fault with a length of 400 km. The NE-SW trending Daerbute fault zone presents a distinct linear trend in plain view, cutting through both the Zair Mountain and the Hala＇alate Mountain. Because of the intense contraction and shearing, the rocks within the fault zone experienced high degree of cataclasis, schistosity, and mylonization, resulting in rocks that are easily eroded to form a valley with a width of 300- 500 m and a depth of 50-100 m after weathering and erosion. The well-exposed outcrops along the Daerbute fault zone present sub-horizontal striations and sub-vertical fault steps, indicating sub-horizontal shearing along the observed fault planes. Flower structures and horizontal drag folds are also observed in both the well-exposed outcrops and high-resolution satellite images. The distribution of accommodating strike-slip splay faults, e.g., the 973-pluton fault and the Great Jurassic Trough fault, are in accordance with the Riedel model of simple shear. The seismic and time-frequency electromagnetic （TFEM） sections also demonstrate the typical strike-slip characteristics of the Daerbute fault zone. Based on detailed field observations of well-exposed outcrops and seismic sections, the Daerbute fault can be subdivided into two segments： the western segment presents multiple fault cores and damage zones, whereas the eastern segment only presents a single fault core, in which the rocks experienced a higher degree of rock cataclasis, schistosity, and mylonization. In the central overlapping portion between the two segments, the sediments within the fault zone are primarily reddish sandstones, conglomerates, and some mudstones, of which the palynological tests suggest middle Permian as the timing of deposition. The deformation timing of the Daerbute fault was estimated by integrating the depocenters＇ basinward migration and initiation of the splay faults （e.g., th

关键词： Daerbute fault structural characteristics deformation timing West Junggar

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Optimizing extractants selection for efficient separation of phenols and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics using hydrogen bond interaction strategies

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 43-52页

作者： Pengzhi Bei Rui Zhang Jie Feng Antony Rajendran Wenying Li State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Chemistry Mepco Schlenk Engineering College(Autonomous)Sivakasi 626005India

Focusing on the use of imidazolium ionic liquids and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents for the separation of phenols and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,the role of heteroaromatics as specific sites for hydrogen bond-based separation has been investigated.These environmentally friendly solvents are known for their ability to form hydrogen bonds with heteroatoms,a key aspect in separation processes.We quantified the hydrogen bond interaction energy to reach the threshold energy for efficient O-and N-heteroaromatics separation.This article provides an in-depth study of the structural nuances of different hydrogen bonding sites and their affinity properties while conducting a comparative evaluation of the separation efficiency of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents from a thermodynamic perspective.Results showed that phenols with dual hydrogen bonding recognition sites were easier to separate than nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics.Imidazolium ionic liquids were more suitable for the extraction of nonbasic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents are more effective for phenols and basic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and empirical tests.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for the strategy design and selection of extractants for the efficient separation of O-and N-containing aromatic compounds.

关键词： Deep eutectic solvents Hydrogen bond Ionic liquids Separation Solvents structural characteristics

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Effect of size polydispersity on the structural and vibrational characteristics of two-dimensional granular assemblies

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第7期23卷 589-595页

作者：张国华孙其诚石志萍冯旭顾强金峰 Department of Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory for Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University

Two-dimensional disordered granular assemblies composed of 2048 polydispersed frictionless disks are simulated using the discrete element method. The height of the first peak of the pair correlation function, gl, the local and global bond orientational parameters ψ6^1 and ψ6^g, and the fluctuations of these parameters decrease with increasing polydispersity s, implying the transition from a polycrystalline state to an amorphous state in the system. As s increases, the peak position of the boson peak aJBp shifts towards a lower frequency and the intensity of the boson peak D（ωBP）/ωBp increases, indicating that the position and the strength of the boson peak are controlled by the polydispersity of the system. Moreover, the inverse of the boson peak intensity ωBP/D（ωBP）, the shear modulus G, and the basin curvature SIS all have a similar dependence on s, implying that the s dependence of the vibrational density of states at low frequencies likely originates from the s dependence of the basin curvature.

关键词： granular matter vibrational characteristics size polydispersity structural characteristics

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A deep insight into the structural characteristics of Yilan oil shale kerogen through selective oxidation

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第3期2卷 182-190页

作者： Qian Wang Yucui Hou Weize Wu Yupeng Wang Qing Liu Shuhang Ren State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China College of Environment and Chemical Engineering Xi’an Polytechnic UniversityShaanxi 710048China Department of Chemistry Taiyuan Normal UniversityShanxi 030619China

The structural characteristics of oil shale are important to its application.In this work,a deep insight into the structural characteristics of Yilan oil shale kerogen(YLK)was studied using alkali-oxygen oxidation at different times and ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation(RICO).The results indicate that YLK is gradually converted to humic acids(HAs),water-soluble acids(WSAs),carboxylic acids(CAs),CO_(2)and H_(2)O.^(13)C NMR analyses of YLK,residues and HAs indicate that C-O bonds,especially C_(ar)-O bonds of YLK,are easily cleaved.The condensed aromatic rings and long alkyl chains are difficult to be oxidized during the oxidation process.With increasing oxidation time,the molar fraction of aromatic bridgehead carbon(Xb)of YLK and the residues increases from 0.174 to 0.201,and that of HAs increases from 0.225 to 0.267.The result indicates that the aromatic structures of YLK are composed of 1-ring aromatic clusters(26.5%),2-ring aromatic clusters(67.1%)and 3 or more-ring aromatic clusters(6.4%).Also,the average methylene chain(Cn)of YLK and the residues increases from 2.0 to 5.1,and that of HAs increases from 1.3 to 2.7,indicating that the alkyl chain length is not average but has a distribution.2.5%methylene carbons exist as long n-alkyl chains in the alkyl side chains groups(SCGs)on the aromatic rings in YLK.The carbon number of SCGs ranges from 5 to 22,and C_(15)and C_(17)are predominant.3.8%methylene carbons exist as alkyl bridges linkages(BLs)connecting aromatic rings in YLK.The carbon number of BLs connecting aromatic rings ranges from 6 to 19,and C_(8)is predominant.Because of the existence of above long n-alkyl chains,93.7%methylene carbons in YLK exist as alkyl chains with an average length of 1.84.

关键词： structural characteristics Oil shale kerogen Alkali-oxygen oxidation Ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation ^(13)C NMR

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Study of structural characteristics of Cellulose Esters with Different Degrees of Substitution

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Organic Polymer Material Research 2022年第1期4卷 38-43页

作者： Michael Ioelovich Designer Energy Rehovot7670504Israel

In this article,structural characteristics of amorphous mono-,di-,and tri-substituted esters of cellulose have been studied.These esters were synthesized under homogenous conditions using anhydrides of various aliphatic acids.The specific gravity of the highly substituted samples was measured by a pycnometric method in the aqueous medium.To calculate the molar,Van der Waals,and free volumes,as well as the packing coefficient of amorphous esters the method of additive contributions of partial volumes of atoms and atom groups in the volumes of polymers was used.Based on the molar volume,also specific gravity of cellulose esters was calculated.The coincidence of calculated and experimental characteristics was shown.In addition,the relationship between glass transition temperature and free volume was found for the esters.The theoretical equations were derived,which provide predicting the structural characteristics of cellulose esters with different degrees of substitution.

关键词： Esters of cellulose Substitution degree structural characteristics Study Calculations

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Calculation of structural characteristics Evolution during Superplastic Forming of Shells by"SPLEN-O"Application Computer Program Set

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2001年第1期17卷 111-112页

作者： E.Chumachenko M.Tsepin A.Tchekine O.Panina Dept.of Applied Mathematics of Moscow institute of Electronics&Mathematics MoscowRussia Dept.of Technology of Moscow State institute of Steels&Alloys(Technological University) MoscowRussia

The applications of commercial computer program set "SPLEN-O" based on finite elements method (FEM) for the simulation of superplastic forming (SPF) technology of shells are described. The changes in characteristics of ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure during deformation are taken into account in function of viscosity and solving algorithm. Some examples are shown to illustrate the possibilities of FEM simulation for prediction of numerical grain-size data on different SPF stages of shells.

关键词： structural characteristics finite elements method superplastic forming computer program FEM simulation

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COMPARISON OF THE structural characteristics OF DEVELOPED VERSUS UNDEVELOPED MID-LEVEL VORTEXES

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2014年第1期20卷 57-65页

作者：黄辉军袁金南李春晖毛伟康 Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction and Joint Open Laboratory of Marine Meteorology Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine MeteorologyChina Meteorological Administration

Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly.

关键词： South China Sea area tropical cyclone genesis and development mid-level vortex structural characteristics

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The structural characteristics of Side-Opening Costumes during the Republic Period of China

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2011年第6期28卷 632-635页

作者：亓延范雪荣崔荣荣 School of Textiles & Clothing Jiangnan University

The structural characteristics of Chinese side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China were investigated.By measuring and recovering the physical structures of side-opening costume objects from the Folk Costumes Biography Museum of Jiangnan University,three structural characteristics were analyzed.These structural characteristics show that most of the side-opening costumes during the Republic Period of China remain traditional Chinese costume structures.The general structural characteristics of side-opening costumes are concluded and the structural cutting methods can inspire current designs as well as provide useful references for contemporary fashion designers.

关键词： structural characteristics side-opening costume Republic Period of China structural wholeness

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