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Planck’s Constant—A Result of Two strings Coupling

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第4期8卷 919-926页

作者： Doron Kwiat Independent Researcher Mazkeret Batyia Israel

The existence of strings has not yet been proven, but if a fermion is considered as being made up of two coupled strings, then the coupling between these two strings creates tension in the strings, and this tension is proportional to the coupling force via the Planck constant. This provides an explanation for the origin of the Planck constant.

关键词： Planck Constant strings Coupling Interaction

Alignment of Quasar Polarizations on Large Scales Explained by Warped Cosmic strings. PART II: The Second Order Contribution

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Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第2期8卷 163-180页

作者： Reinoud Jan Slagter Asfyon Bussum The Netherlands Amsterdam University Amsterdam The Netherlands

We find an azimuthal-angle dependent approximate wave like solution to second order on a warped five-dimensional manifold with a self-gravitating U(1) scalar gauge field (cosmic string) on the brane using the multiple-scale method. The spectrum of the several orders of approximation show maxima of the energy distribution dependent on the azimuthal-angle and the winding numbers n of the subsequent orders of scalar field. This breakup of the quantized flux quanta does not lead to instability of the asymptotic wavelike solution, due to the suppression of the n-dependency in the energy mo-mentum tensor components by the warp factor. This effect is triggered by the contribution of the five dimensional Weyl tensor on the brane. This con-tribution can be understood as dark energy and can trigger the self-acceleration of the universe without the need of a cosmological constant. There is a striking relation between the symmetry breaking of the Higgs field described by the winding number and the SO(2) breaking of the axially symmetric configuration into a discrete subgroup of rotations about 180°. The discrete sequence of non-axially symmetric deviations, cancelled by the emission of gravitational waves in order to restore the SO(2) symmetry, triggers the pressure Tzz for discrete values of the azimuthal-angle. There can be a possible relation between the recently discovered angle-preferences of polarization axes of quasars on large scales and our theoretical predicted angle-dependency and can be an evidence for the existence of cosmic strings. The discovery of the increase of polarization rate in smaller subgroups of the several large-quasar groups (LQGs), the red shift dependency and the relative orientation of the spin axes with respect to the major axes of their host LQGs, point at a fractional azimuthal structure, were also found in our cosmic string model. This peculiar discontinuous large scale structure, i.e., polarizations directions of multiples of, for example,

关键词： Quasar Polarization Cosmic strings Warped Brane World Models U(1) Scalar-Gauge Field Multiple-Scale Analysis

Elementary Fermions: strings, Planck Constant, Preons and Hypergluons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 82-100页

作者： Doron Kwiat Mazkeret Batyia Israel

Using real fields instead of complex ones, it is suggested here that the fermions are pairs of coupled strings with an internal tension. The interaction between the two coupled strings is due to an exchange mechanism which is proportional to Planck’s constant. This may be the result of two massless bosons (hypergluons) coupled by a preon (prequark) exchange. It also gives a physical explanation to the origin of the Planck constant, and origin of spin.

关键词： Fermions Preons Hypergluons strings Real Fields Planck Constant Interference Spin

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strings的成长童话——音乐与梦想

高中生（高考） 2004年第13期 4-5页

作者：肖晔

Encoding of Primary Structures of Biological Macromolecules Within a Data Mining Perspective

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2004年第1期19卷 78-88页

作者： MondherMaddouri MouradElloumi ComputerScienceDepartment NationalInstituteofAppliedSciencesandTechnologiesTunis-Carthage2035TunisTunisia ComputerScienceDepartment FacultyofEconomicSciencesandManagementofTunisE1Manar2092TunisTunisia

An encoding method has a direct effect on the quality and the representationof the discovered knowledge in data mining systems. Biological macromolecules are encoded by stringsof characters, called primary structures. Knowing that data mining systems usually use relationaltables to encode data, we have then to re-encode these strings and transform them into relationaltables. In this paper, we do a comparative study of the existing static encoding methods, that arebased on the Biologist know-how, and our new dynamic encoding one, that is based on the constructionof Discriminant and Minimal Substrings (DMS). Different classification methods are used to do thisstudy. The experimental results show that our dynamic encoding method is more efficient than thestatic ones, to encode biological macromolecules within a data mining perspective.

关键词： encoding methods biological macromolecules data mining strings

LIGHT DEMANDS OF JUVENILE LAMINARIA JAPONICA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第1期7卷 1-9,97页

作者：费修绠蒋本禹丁美丽吴雅景黄如意李汉昌 Sansha Lamnaria Sporeling Cultivation Station Fujian

The light demands of seaweeds is an interesting and rather complex phenomenon because they depend not only on the species but also on their different development stages. Even different parts of the same plant sometimes have different light demands. Light control is an important procedure at large scale Lamnaria nursery stations in China. Technicians and scientists have different viewpoints on the best method to regulate light. A culture study on Lamnaria japonica starting from zoospores to several centimeter sporophytes to find the optimal and critical irradiance ranges for juvenile Laminaria at different development stages added more knowledge on this aspect. Experiment results show gametophytes can not tolerate irradiance of more than 150uEm-2s-1 while sporophytes can tolerate more than 519 uEm-2s-1. This big difference starts from the very early stage of 1-to 2-celled sporophytes. The biological basis and mechanism of this phenomenon need further research.

关键词： Laminaria juvenile strings sometimes starts cultivation slides young regulate naked

New Evidence, Conditions, Instruments &Experiments for Gravitational Theories

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第8期4卷 183-196页

作者： Benjamin T. Solomon Interstellar Space Exploration Technology Initiative (iSETI) LLC Denver USA

Two significant findings compel a rethink of physical theories. First, using a 7-billion-year-old gamma-ray burst, Nemiroff (2012) showed that quantum foam could not exists. And second, Solomon (2011) showed that gravitational acceleration is not associated with the gravitating mass, that gravitational acceleration g is determined solely by τ the change in time dilation over a specific height multiplied by c2 or g = τc2. Seeking consistency with Special Theory of Relativity, as means to initiate this rethink, this paper examines 12 inconsistencies in physical theories that manifest from empirical data. The purpose of this examination is to identify how gravitational theories need to change or be explored, to eliminate these 12 inconsistencies. It is then proposed that spacetime is much more sophisticated than just a 4-dimensional continuum. And, that the Universe consists of at least two layers or “kenos” (Greek for vacuous), the 4-dimensional kenos, spacetime (x, y, z, t) and the 3-dimensional kenos, subspace (x, y, z) that are joined at the space coordinates (x, y, z). This explains why electromagnetic waves are transverse, and how probabilities are implemented in Nature. This paper concludes by proposing two new instruments and one test, to facilitate research into gravitational fields, the new torsion-, tension- and stress-free near field gravity probe, the gravity wave telescope, and a non-locality test.

关键词： Relativity Special Theory of Relativity General Theory of Relativity Entanglement Baking Bread Transverse Wave Electromagnetism Separation Vectors Gamma Ray Burst Quarks Gravity Modification Exotic Matter Photons strings Shielding Cloaking Invisibility Near Field Gravity Probe Wave Function Gaussian

A Novel Derivation of Black Hole Entropy in all Dimensions from Truly Point Mass Sources

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 1017-1028页

作者： Carlos Castro Perelman Bahamas Advanced Science Institute and Conferences Ocean Heights Stella Maris Long Island Bahamas Ronin Institute Haddon Place Montclair USA

It is explicitly shown how the Schwarzschild Black Hole Entropy (in all dimensions) emerges from truly point mass sources at r=0due to a non-vanishing scalar curvature involving the Dirac delta distribution. In order to achieve this, one is required to extend the domain of r to negative values −∞≤r≤+∞. It is the density and anisotropic pressure components associated with the point mass delta function source at the origin r=0which furnish the Schwarzschild black hole entropy in all dimensions D≥4after evaluating the Euclidean Einstein-Hilbert action. Two of the most salient results are i) that the observed spacetime dimension D=4is precisely singled out from all the other dimensions when the strong and weak energy conditions are met, and ii) the point mass source described in this work is not the result of a spherically symmetric gravitational collapse of a star as described by the Oppenheimer-Snyder model because we are not neglecting the pressure. As usual, it is required to take the inverse Hawking temperature βHas the length of the circle Sβ1obtained from a compactification of the Euclidean time in thermal field theory which results after a Wick rotation, it=τ, to imaginary time. This approach can be generalized to the Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr-Newman metrics. The physical implications of this finding warrant further investigation since it suggests a profound connection between the notion of gravitational entropy and spacetime singularities.

关键词： General Relativity Black Holes Entropy strings

Penrose Transform on <i>D</i>-Modules, Moduli Spaces and Field Theory

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2012年第6期2卷 379-390页

作者： Francisco Bulnes Department of Research in Mathematics and Engineering Technological Institute of High Studies of Chalco Chalco Mexico

We consider a generalization of the Radon-Schmid transform on coherent D-modules of sheaves of holomorphic complex bundles inside a moduli space, with the purpose of establishing the equivalences among geometric objects (vector bundles) and algebraic objects as they are the coherent D-modules, these last with the goal of obtaining conformal classes of connections of the holomorphic complex bundles. The class of these equivalences conforms a moduli space on coherent sheaves that define solutions in field theory. Also by this way, and using one generalization of the Penrose transform in the context of coherent D-modules we find conformal classes of the space-time that include the heterotic strings and branes geometry.

关键词： Penrose Transform Coherent D-Modules Derived Sheaf Moduli Space Conformal Classes Heterotic strings